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Effects of Artificial Reef array configuration on Turbulent Flow: PIV Experiment and Numerical Simulation

WATER 2025年第7期17卷 915-915页

作者： Kuang, Cuiping Xing, Wei Zheng, Yuhua Cong, Xin Wang, Dan Zou, Qingping Tongji Univ Sch Civil Engn Dept Hydraul Engn Shanghai 200092 Peoples R China Second Inst Oceanog MNR Hangzhou 310012 Peoples R China Heriot Watt Univ Inst Infrastructure & Environm Lyell Ctr Earth & Marine Sci & Technol Edinburgh EH14 4AS Scotland

Complex turbulent flow structures are formed within and around box-type artificial reefs (ARs). This study utilizes Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and numerical simulation to investigate the flow field within and around ARs of various configurations, such as single- and dual-row arrays. It was found that a small space between reefs causes loading to concentrate on the first reef, while a large space enhances vortex intensity and reduces interference among reefs and promotes vortex development within individual reefs. An optimal space may enlarge the recirculation zone, increase vortex numbers and size, alter the flow distribution, and intensify turbulence, ultimately reshaping the flow characteristics at the reef array. The experimental data show that vortices within ARs attain their maximum strength at an overall reef length to height ratio (Lr/hr) of 3 and reef width to height ratio (Wr/hr) of 0.68. A further increase in Lr/hr weakens the dipole, while an increase in Wr/hr expands the area of high-vorticity and strong turbulence behind the stoss-face openings. These findings provide new insights for the optimum layout of artificial reefs for coastal defense design.

关键词： artificial reef turbulent flow array configuration PIV experiment

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array configuration Design of One-Dimensional Mirrored Interferometric Aperture Synthesis

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IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS 2012年第6期9卷 1021-1025页

作者： Yi, Guanli Hu, Fei Jin, Rong Li, Da Yang, Hong Dong, Jian Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Elect & Informat Engn Dept Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Cent S Univ Sch Informat Sci & Engn Changsha 410083 Peoples R China

Mirrored interferometric aperture synthesis (IAS) (MIAS) is a novel interferometry which has the potential to reduce system complexity compared with that of conventional IAS. array configuration design plays a major role in imaging. As the concept of MIAS was proposed just a few years ago, the problem of array configuration design has not been solved yet. In this letter, the principles of array configuration design of 1-D MIAS are proposed, and the corresponding optimization model is established and refined. The optimal array configurations are presented through simulated annealing method and show that 1-D MIAS can achieve almost twice as much of spatial resolution as 1-D IAS with the same array size.

关键词： array configuration mirrored interferometric aperture synthesis (IAS) (MIAS) simulated annealing (SA)

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array configuration using Resonant-Tunneling-Diode Terahertz Oscillator Integrated with Patch Antenna 40

Array Configuration using Resonant-Tunneling-Diode Terahertz...

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40th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz)

作者： Kasagi, Kouhei Suzuki, Safumi Asada, Masahiro Tokyo Inst Technol Interdisciplinary Grad Sch Sci & Engn Meguro Ku Tokyo 152 Japan Tokyo Inst Technol Grad Sch Engn Meguro Ku Tokyo 152 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781479982721

We proposed and fabricated an oscillator array composed of three resonant-tunneling-diode terahertz oscillators integrated with slot-coupled patch antennas, which operates without the need for Si lens. We measured the radiation pattern for single and arrayed oscillators, and calculated the output power using the integration of the pattern. The output power of a single oscillator was similar to 15 mu W, while approximately three times higher output power of similar to 55 mu W was achieved at similar to 1 THz for the array configuration.

关键词： antenna arrays microstrip antennas oscillators tunnel diodes array configuration arrayed oscillators oscillator array output power patch antenna radiation pattern resonant tunneling diode terahertz oscillator single oscillators slot coupled patch antennas Antenna radiation patterns arrays Electrodes Oscillators Patch antennas Power generation Power measurement

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L-Shape Propagated array configuration With Dynamic Reconfiguration Algorithm for Enhancing Energy Conversion Rate of Partial Shaded Photovoltaic Systems

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IEEE ACCESS 2021年 9卷 97661-97674页

作者： Srinivasan, A. Devakirubakaran, S. Sundaram, B. Meenakshi Kumar, B. Praveen Kumar, Ch Santhan Winston, D. Prince Babu, Thanikanti Sudhakar Alhelou, Hassan Haes Sethu Inst Technol Dept Elect & Elect Engn EEE Virudunagar 626115 Tamil Nadu India Bharat Inst Engn & Technol Dept Elect & Elect Engn EEE Hyderabad 501510 Telangana India Lords Inst Engn & Technol Dept Elect & Elect Engn EEE Hyderabad 500091 Telangana India Kamaraj Coll Engn AndTechnol Dept Elect & Elect Engn EEE Madurai 626001 Tamil Nadu India Chaitanya Bharathi Inst Technol Dept Elect & Elect Engn Hyderabad 500075 Telangana India Nisantasi Univ Dept Elect & Elect Engn TR-34398 Istanbul Turkey Tishreen Univ Fac Mech & Elect Engn Dept Elect Power Engn Latakia Syria Univ Coll Dublin Sch Elect & Elect Engn Dublin 4 D04 V1W8 Ireland

Partial shading is an unavoidable factor that reduces the performance of solar PV systems. The PV system receives uneven irradiation due to partial shading which causes the mismatch loss. The partial shading distracts the irradiation from the PV modules that makes the healthy modules as idle or low performing modules. The mismatch loss can be mitigated by uniformly distributing the partial shading over the PV array. In this work, L-shaped propagated array configuration method with a new dynamic reconfiguration algorithm have proposed for enhancing the energy conversion under the partial shading conditions. A new kind of array configuration is implemented in a 4 x 4 PV array for the better shade dispersion. Further, a dynamic reconfiguration algorithm is employed to disperse the effect of partial shading. The combination of new array configuration and reconfiguration method is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink (R) and implemented in hardware. The outputs are measured under all possible shading patterns and validated with the outputs of convention methods for observing the enhanced energy conversion rate of the proposed system.

关键词： array configuration futoshiki puzzle pattern mismatch loss partial shading PV array reconfiguration total cross tied (TCT) sudoku pattern

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First techno-economic evaluation of array configuration of self-balancing tidal kinetic turbines

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RENEWABLE ENERGY 2018年第PartA期129卷 183-200页

作者： Barbarelli, Silvio Florio, Gaetano Lo Zupone, Giacomo Scornaienchi, Nino Michele Univ Calabria Dept Mech Energy & Management Engn DIMEG Arcavacata Di Rende Italy Sichuan Univ Inst New Energy & Low Carbon Technol Chengdu Sichuan Peoples R China

Whit the aim to exploit tidal currents as clean, predictable and renewable energy source, the authors have developed a self - balancing turbine prototype, able to work like a kite and moored to the shore by a simple rope. In the present work, the authors describe how this particular machine could be used in array configuration. First step involved the technical definition and the performances assessment of the array, constituted by several turbines connected each other by tubular elements and floating deflectors. Such a layout allows the array to have an "accordion effect" by extending and gathering it-self, according with the phases of flow and slack tide. Through an economic model the optimal number and diameter of the turbines has been successively detected which, maintaining the same power of other configurations, minimizes installation costs. Finally, the proposed methodology has been applied at a particular site (Strait of Messina - Italy), where the yearly energy yield and the levelized cost of energy have been evaluated. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Tidal kinetic turbines Floating stabilizers array configuration Extension of the array Shutting with accordion effect Energy output

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Study of Charging Efficiency of a Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting System Using Rectifier and array configuration

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FERROELECTRICS 2013年第1期449卷 42-51页

作者： Baek, Ki Hwan Hong, Seong Kwang Kim, Se Bin Kim, Jeong Hun Sung, Tae Hyun Hanyang Univ Dept Elect Engn Seoul 133791 South Korea

This paper suggests the design in rectifier and array configuration for an impact-based piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH) system, to investigate the charging efficiency. In the design of the rectifier, it is suggested that rectifying the signal from each piezoelectric module separately generates more electrical energy and charges a capacitor faster than using a single rectifier for all modules connected in series. In the structural design, the array was designed into two conditions: impacted simultaneously and impacted sequentially with a phase difference (30 degrees, 60 degrees, 90 degrees, 120 degrees, 150 degrees and 180 degrees). We show that when impacted sequentially with a phase difference, this allows faster charging rates of energy harvesting. Additionally, distribution of the torque required to transform the piezoelectric modules was found to be another advantage from this condition. These results could be used in the design of more-efficiently-charging impact-based PEH system.

关键词： Piezoelectric energy harvesting system multiple piezoelectric array impact rectifier array configuration

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Power Enhancement in Partial Shaded Photovoltaic System Using Spiral Pattern array configuration Scheme

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IEEE ACCESS 2021年 9卷 123103-123116页

作者： Cherukuri, Santhan Kumar Balachandran, Praveen Kumar Kaniganti, Kalyan Raj Buddi, Madhu Kiran Butti, Dasu Devakirubakaran, S. Babu, Thanikanti Sudhakar Alhelou, Hassan Haes Lords Inst Engn & Technol Dept Elect & Elect Engn Hyderabad 500091 Telangana India Bharat Inst Engn & Technol Dept Elect & Elect Engn Hyderabad 501510 Telangana India Gudlavalleru Engn Coll Dept Elect & Elect Engn Gudlavalleru 521356 Andhra Pradesh India Sethu Inst Technol Dept Elect & Elect Engn Virudunagar 626115 Tamil Nadu India Chaitanya Bharathi Inst Technol Dept Elect & Elect Engn Hyderabad 500075 India Nisantasi Univ Dept Elect & Elect Engn TR-34398 Istanbul Turkey Univ Coll Dublin UCD Sch Elect & Elect Engn Dublin D04 V1W8 4 Ireland Tishreen Univ Fac Mech & Elect Engn Dept Elect Power Engn Latakia Syria

Partial shading causes mismatch losses in the solar PV system. In the PV array, the power output from the healthy PV modules is gone in vain due to the mismatch losses. The PV array construction with the high resistivity to the mismatch loss generation is the progressing research work in the research field. In this work, a new kind of array configuration scheme is framed for the PV system for overcoming the effect of partial shading. The proposed array configuration has a high resistivity to the mismatch loss generation over the other conventional array configuration methods. The array configuration is framed in a pattern that is similar to the spiral step pattern. Each row of the PV array is constructed with the PV modules from each row of the conventional Total Cross Tied configuration with the optimized distance. This row construction allows the system to uniformly disperses the partial shading over the PV array. The simulation analysis is carried out by applying various shading patterns in MATLAB/Simulink?. The performance of the proposed array configuration is also analyzed in the experimental setup and the results were presented.

关键词： Spirals Sensor arrays Maximum power point trackers Current measurement Switching circuits Sensors Photovoltaic systems array configuration mismatch loss maximum power point (MPP) partial shading PV array reconfiguration total cross tied (TCT) spiral pattern sudoku pattern

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Performance Enhancement of Partial Shaded Photovoltaic System With the Novel Screw Pattern array configuration Scheme

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IEEE ACCESS 2022年 10卷 1731-1744页

作者： Kumar, B. Praveen Cherukuri, Santhan Kumar Kaniganti, Kalyan Raj Karuppiah, N. Muniraj, Rathinam Babu, Thanikanti Sudhakar Alhelou, Hassan Haes Vardhaman Coll Engn Dept EEE Hyderabad 501218 Telangana India Lords Inst Engn & Technol Dept EEE Hyderabad 500091 Telangana India Gudlavalleru Coll Engn Dept EEE Gudlavalleru 521356 Andhra Pradesh India PSR Engn Coll Dept EEE Sivakasi 626140 Tamil Nadu India Chaitanya Bharathi Inst Technol Dept Elect & Elect Engn Hyderabad 500075 India Monash Univ Dept Elect & Comp Syst Engn Clayton Vic 3800 Australia Tishreen Univ Fac Mech & Elect Engn Dept Elect Power Engn Latakia 2230 Syria

The performance of the solar photovoltaic system is affected by the unpredictable phenomenon of partial shading. This causes the mismatch losses that suppress the power generation of healthy PV modules in it. The objective of the proposed work in this paper is to bring out the maximum power from each PV module in the PV array by reducing the mismatch losses. A new array configuration method is proposed in this paper, which follows the screw pattern in the row formation. Each PV row is created with distinct PV modules from the rows of the conventional array configuration. This proposed work allows the PV system to operate with minimum mismatch losses by even shade dispersion over the PV array. The proper mathematical expression with all necessary constraints was derived for the array formation of the proposed work. The output analysis is been validated in the simulation of the 9 x 9 PV array in MATLAB/Simulink (R). The mismatch loss generation and output power enhancement are measured and compared with the various conventional array configuration methods under six kinds of partial shading patterns. The proposed array configuration is 40% more efficient than the conventional series-parallel array configuration and also performs better than the total cross-tied and sudoku puzzle pattern methods. The shade dispersion rate of the proposed array configuration has highly reduced the mismatch losses in the PV system and hence, it improves the power output.

关键词： array configuration maximum power point partial shading (PS) photovoltaic system (PV) screw pattern series-parallel (Se-P) sudoku pattern total cross tied (TCT)

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Optimal Photovoltaic array configuration Under Gaussian Laser Beam Condition for Wireless Power Transmission

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS 2017年第5期32卷 3662-3672页

作者： Zhou, Weiyang Jin, Ke Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut Coll Automat Engn Jiangsu Key Lab New Energy Generat & Power Conver Nanjing 210016 Jiangsu Peoples R China

The high-intensity laser power beaming (HILPB) system is one of the most promising systems in the long-range wireless power transfer field. In the HILPB system, the conversion efficiency at the photovoltaic (PV) receiver will limit the performance of an implemented system. One of the major factors that contribute to the reduction of PV power is Gaussian laser beam. Different PV configurations can be used to reduce the losses caused by Gaussian laser beam. In this paper, an optimal PV array configuration search mechanism for arbitrarily sized PV arrays to enhance the PV power under Gaussian laser beam condition is proposed. In order to do so, the irradiance profile of the Gaussian laser beam is mathematically modeled, which plays an important role in modeling the PV arrays and designing the optimal configuration research algorithms. The corresponding optimal configuration research algorithms for different PV array architectures are proposed so as to maximize the PV array output power under Gaussian laser beam condition. All the possible optimal solutions for different architectures are compared with each other to find out which one maximizes output power by means of simulations and experiments. The experimental and simulation results are shown to verify the proposed search mechanism.

关键词： array configuration Gaussian laser beam maximum power point (MPP) nonuniform irradiance photovoltaic (PV) wireless power transmission

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Layer-deepened current harmonized improvement method: An optimal electrical array configuration method for performance optimization of a thermoelectric generator

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APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING 2024年第PartA期248卷

作者： Choi, Taeho Kim, Tae Young Seoul Natl Univ Sci & Technol Dept Mech & Automot Engn 232 Gongneung Ro Seoul 01811 South Korea

Under most operating conditions, thermoelectric generators (TEGs) produce less than the required output power, primarily due to the mismatch loss caused by the variations in the temperature differences across individual thermoelectric modules (TEMs). One effective method for reducing mismatch loss is to connect the TEMs such that each TEM can operate with a near-optimal electrical current. In this study, we propose, for the first time, the layer-deepened current harmonized improvement method (deep-CHIME) to address the mismatch loss issue in TEGs. This approach effectively reduces mismatch losses by finely adjusting the electrical currents induced in the individual TEMs to their ideal values. A theoretical model was developed by combining the thermoelectric equations and Kirchhoff's voltage and current laws to determine the optimal values of the major design parameters, namely the ratio of the electrical branches and ratio of the number of TEMs, to form the deep-CHIME configuration. Furthermore, the effect of deep-CHIME on the output power performance was substantiated by using an experimentally validated numerical model that accurately captured the thermoelectric energy conversion phenomena, including heat pumping and Joule heating. Module-by-module analyses indicated that the current flowing through each TEM approached its ideal value as the layer of the CHIME configuration deepened. Numerical results showed that a TEG with TEMs electrically connected according to a four-layer deep-CHIME configuration produced up to similar to 99 % of the ideal output power, exhibiting less than 1 % mismatch loss under various engine operating conditions. Moreover, the four-layer deep-CHIME configuration improved the output power and conversion efficiency by 17.6 % and 18.4 %, respectively, compared to a conventional parallel configuration.

关键词： Current harmonized improvement method Waste heat recovery Thermoelectric generation Seebeck effect array configuration Mismatch loss

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