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array detection in a holographic scanning microscope

OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS 2020年第0期462卷 125339-000页

作者： Buddha, Satya S. Goutam Kalita, Ranjan Boruah, Bosanta R. Indian Inst Technol Guwahati Dept Phys Gauhati 781039 Assam India

In this paper we describe a simple experimental arrangement to implement array detection in a scanning optical microscope where both the beam shaping and beam scanning are done holographically. A ferroelectric liquid crystal spatial light modulator is used to implement dynamic and reconfigurable binary holograms and an ordinary camera is used as the array detector. We use a scanning scheme that enables array detection over 120 x 120 scan positions and 40 x 40 detector array data for each position with an acquisition time of 40 s using a 15 fps (frames per second) camera. We demonstrated the working of the microscope to implement image subtraction and image scanning microscopy in both reflected and fluorescence light.

关键词： Scanning optical microscopy array detection Image scanning microscopy Binary hologram Liquid crystal spatial light modulator

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Extended calibration ranges for continuum source atomic absorption spectrometry with array detection

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SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY 1996年第9-10期51卷 1055-1079页

作者： Harnly, JM Smith, CMM Radziuk, B UNIV COLL CORK DEPT CHEMCORKIRELAND BODENSEEWERK PERKIN ELMER & CO GMBH D-88647 UBERLINGENGERMANY

Computer modeling has been used to construct calibration curves and relative concentration error plots for continuum source atomic absorption spectrometry with array detection and graphite furnace atomization. Model results are compared with experimental results obtained with a linear photodiode array detector. The model uses a Lorentzian absorption profile convoluted with a rectangular entrance slit (25, 50, 100, 200, or 500 mu m wide) and detected with an array of pixels (each 25 mu m wide) using a high resolution spectrometer. Transient furnace signals are modeled as triangular functions with a half-width of 2 s whose height and area are linearly dependent on concentration. With detector read noise limiting (characteristic of a photodiode array detector), the best signal-to-noise ratios have been obtained with a 500 mu m entrance slit width and wavelength integrated absorbance (i.e. integration of absorbance over the whole absorption profile). The shapes of the modeled calibration curves agree well with those theoretically predicted and those obtained experimentally. Useful calibration ranges approaching six orders of magnitude of concentration have been achieved using a single calibration curve and integrating over a spectral region equivalent to 60 times the half width of the absorption profile (about 0.16 nm for Cd at 228.8 nm). When concentration is normalized by the intrinsic mass, all elements give the same curve shapes with the inflection point, from a slope of 1.0 to 0.5 (on a logarithmic scale), determined by the stray light. A hyperbolic function has been developed which accurately fits the modeled and experimental data. With photon shot noise limiting (characteristic of a charge coupled device), the signal-to-noise ratio is much less dependent on the entrance slit width. With a 25 mu m entrance slit width, wavelength selected absorbances (i.e. absorbances computed for selected pixels or wavelengths) have been used to construct three calibration curves

关键词： AAS array detection calibration calibration ranges continuum source AAS intrinsic

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Automated purification and suspension array detection of 16S rRNA from soil and sediment extracts by using tunable surface microparticles

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APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY 2004年第5期70卷 2621-2631页

作者： Chandler, DP Jarrell, AE Argonne Natl Lab Biochip Technol Ctr Argonne IL 60439 USA Pacific NW Natl Lab Environm Microbiol Grp Richland WA 99352 USA

Autonomous, field-deployable molecular detection systems require seamless integration of complex biochemical solutions and physical or mechanical processing steps. In an attempt to simplify the fluidic requirements for integrated biodetection systems, we used tunable surface microparticles both as an rRNA affinity purification resin in a renewable microcolumn sample preparation system and as the sensor surface in a flow cytometer detector. The tunable surface detection limits in both low- and high-salt buffers were 1 ng of total RNA (similar to10(4) cell equivalents) in 15-min test tube hybridizations and 10 ng of total RNA (similar to10(5) cell equivalents) in hybridizations with the automated system (30-s contact time). RNA fragmentation was essential for achieving tunable surface suspension array specificity. Chaperone probes reduced but did not completely eliminate cross-hybridization, even with probes sharing < 50% identity to target sequences. Nonpurified environmental extracts did not irreparably affect our ability to classify color-coded microparticles, but residual environmental constituents significantly quenched the Alexa-532 reporter fluor. Modulating surface charge did not influence the interaction of soluble environmental contaminants with conjugated beads. The automated system greatly reduced the effects of fluorescence quenching, especially in the soil background. The automated system was as efficacious as manual methods for simultaneous sample purification, hybridization, and washing prior to flow cytometry detection. The implications of unexpected target cross-hybridization and fluorescence quenching are discussed relative to the design and implementation of an integrated microbial monitoring system.

关键词： .National Laboratory beads Extracts Northwest National automated system Suspension buffers detection limits array detection Surface Microparticles detection of rRNA test tube

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Phase sensitive array detection with polarisation modulated differential sensing

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SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL 2006年第2期119卷 651-655页

作者： Hooper, I. R. Sambles, J. R. Pitter, M. C. Somekh, M. G. Univ Exeter Sch Phys Exeter EX4 4QL Devon England Univ Nottingham Sch Elect & Elect Engn Appl Opt Grp Nottingham NG7 2RD England

It has recently been shown that polarisation modulated differential surface plasmon sensing can be used to monitor refractive index changes of approximately 2 x 10(-7) refractive index units. The information for these measurements is carried by a small-modulated light component and a relatively large constant background signal. These measurements have, hitherto, only been carried out as point measurements. In this paper we demonstrate that multipoint measurements can be obtained using a CMOS camera array that directly detects the amplitude and phase of the oscillating component of the light. The effectiveness of the parallel measurement is demonstrated by monitoring the changes in a waveguide mode as the refractive index of the dielectric layer is changed by exposure to ultraviolet radiation. This paper demonstrates the potential of phase sensitive CMOS detection in applications where spatially resolved differential imaging is required, especially in the field of chemical and biological sensing. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： optical sensor array detection biosensor

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Highly rugged kinetic method for the enzymatic determination of DNA in agarose gel with array detection using a charge coupled service

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ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA 1996年第3期329卷 285-295页

作者： Lim, KB Pardue, HL PURDUE UNIV DEPT CHEMW LAFAYETTEIN 47907

This paper describes the adaptation and evaluation of an error-compensating method for kinetic determinations of DNA. A single size DNA is used for the initial study. The experimental procedures involve gel electrophoresis with ethidium bromide staining followed by DNase treatment of the agarose gel containing the single DNA band. The time-dependent decrease in fluorescence of the DNA band is monitored using a charge-coupled device camera. A Michaelis-Menten model is fitted to background-and flat-field-corrected response curves to predict the total change in fluorescence expected if the process were monitored to equilibrium. The results are compared to equilibrium and initial-rate methods. Results obtained using the predictive and equilibrium options are linear over 120-fold amounts of DNA (1-120 ng) with 3-6% imprecisions. The equilibrium and predictive-kinetic options are at least an order of magnitude more rugged to changes in ethidium bromide concentration, DNase activity and gel concentration than the initial-rate option. A DNA sample containing multiple fragments was used to evaluate the applicability of this method for more realistic situations.

关键词： kinetic methods array detection enzymatic methods DNA

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Recent progress in high-performance anion-exchange chromatography ionspray mass spectrometry for molecular mass determination and characterization of carbohydrates using static and scanning array detection

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JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY 1998年第4期33卷 377-386页

作者： van der Hoeven, RAM Tjaden, UR van der Greef, J van Casteren, WHM Schols, HA Voragen, AGJ Bruggink, C Leiden Univ Leiden Amsterdam Ctr Drug Res Div Analyt Chem NL-2300 RA Leiden Netherlands Agr Univ Wageningen Dept Food Technol & Nutr Sci Div Food Sci NL-6703 HD Wageningen Netherlands Dionex BV NL-4801 LH Breda Netherlands

Position-and time-resolved ion counting (PATRIC) array detection with a magnetic sector mass spectrometer equipped with an ionspray interface in the on-line coupling of high-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) with mass spectrometry (MS) is described. PATRIC array detection is used in both the static and scanning mode for molecular mass determination and structure characterization caused by nozzle/skimmer-induced fragmentation in the ionspray interface. The virtual mass range is extended to over 7000 Da by the presence of triply and quadruply sodiated molecules in an enzyme digest of an exocellular polysaccharide (EPS) of Lactococcus lactis and quadruply sodiated molecules of beta-1,4-xglose oligomers. After optimization of the HPAEC/MS system, molecular mass information could be obtained down to similar to 700 pg per injection for each alpha-1,4-glucose oligomer up to a degree of polymerization of 7 using PATRIC array detection in the static mode. Structure information was obtained for alpha-1,4 glucose oligomers, galacturonic acid oligomers and an EPS digest using PATRIC array detection in the scanning mode. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： high-performance anion-exchange chromatography ionspray mass spectrometry carbohydrates array detection multiple charging

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Infrared Microspectroscopy Using Prism-Based Spectrographs and Focal Plane array detection

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APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2012年第3期66卷 304-311页

作者： Lanzarotta, Adam Marcott, Curtis Story, Gloria M. Dowrey, Anthony E. Sommer, Andre J. Miami Univ Mol Microspect Lab Dept Chem & Biochem Oxford OH 45056 USA Light Light Solut LLC Athens GA 30608 USA Procter & Gamble Co Miami Valley Innovat Ctr Cincinnati OH 45253 USA US FDA Trace Examinat Sect Forens Chem Ctr Cincinnati OH 45237 USA

Several prism-based spectrographs employing a mercury cadmium telluride (MCI) focal plane array detector have been interfaced to an infrared microscope. In the combined system, the area-defining aperture of the microscope also served as the entrance slit to the spectrograph. This investigation considered the fundamental limits of diffraction for both the spectrograph and microscope in order to determine both the spatial and spectral resolution of the system as a whole. Experimental results for spectral resolution, spectral range, and peak-to-peak noise have been presented. Finally, the dynamic capabilities of one spectrograph/microscope combination were investigated.

关键词： Infrared microspectroscopy Infrared spectrographs array detection

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Capillary electrophoresis tandem mass spectrometry with array detection

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EUROPEAN MASS SPECTROMETRY 1999年第1期5卷 33-40页

作者： Deterding, LJ Tomer, KB Wellemans, JMY Cerny, RL Gross, ML NIEHS Struct Biol Lab Res Triangle Pk NC 27709 USA Univ Nebraska Dept Chem Lincoln NE 68588 USA

Mixtures of standard compounds of biological interest were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis in conjunction with tandem four-sector mass spectrometry (MS/MS) using an array detector. Capillary electrophoresis offers extremely high separation efficiencies while array detection allows for the simultaneous acquisition of a large fraction of a tandem mass spectrum and high utilization of the sample ions produced. Consequently, improvements in sensitivity and structural information were observed for the combined techniques in comparison to similar measurements with a four-sector and a single-point detector. Coaxial continuous-flow fast atom bombardment was used to create (M + H)(+) precursor ions of the separated analytes and their product ion spectra were acquired from femtomole levels in electrophoretic real-time, The limit-of-detection for the acquisition of MS/MS data from electrophoretically-separated peptides was 35-100 fmol, The MS/MS data acquired at these levels showed cleavages of the peptide backbone (i.e. to give a and y ions) and production of immonium ions from the constituent amino acids. Acquisition of the spectra via the array detector is more routine acid, at the 100 femtomole level, provides more structurally informative ions and yields better ion statistics than comparable spectra acquired with a point detector.

关键词： capillary electrophoresis tandem mass spectrometry array detection coaxial continuous flow FAB peptides

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Resolution and signal-to-noise ratio improvement in confocal fluorescence microscopy using array detection and maximum-likelihood processing

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MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016年第8期27卷

作者： Kakade, Rohan Walker, John G. Phillips, Andrew J. Univ Nottingham Fac Engn Adv Opt Grp Univ Pk Nottingham NG7 2RD England

Confocal fluorescence microscopy (CFM) is widely used in biological sciences because of its enhanced 3D resolution that allows image sectioning and removal of out-of-focus blur. This is achieved by rejection of the light outside a detection pinhole in a plane confocal with the illuminated object. In this paper, an alternative detection arrangement is examined in which the entire detection/image plane is recorded using an array detector rather than a pinhole detector. Using this recorded data an attempt is then made to recover the object from the whole set of recorded photon array data;in this paper maximum-likelihood estimation has been applied. The recovered object estimates are shown (through computer simulation) to have good resolution, image sectioning and signal-to-noise ratio compared with conventional pinhole CFM images.

关键词： confocal fluorescence microscopy maximum-likelihood processing resolution array detection signal-to-noise ratio

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Spatial Phasor Analysis for Optical Sectioning Nanoscopy

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ACS PHOTONICS 2025年第2期12卷 1155-1162页

作者： Huang, Yuran Ye, Zitong Zhang, Zhimin Ye, Hanchu Xu, Liang Hao, Xiang Han, Yubing Kuang, Cuifang Liu, Xu Zhejiang Univ Coll Opt Sci & Engn State Key Lab Extreme Photon & Instrumentat Hangzhou 310027 Zhejiang Peoples R China ZJU Hangzhou Global Sci & Technol Innovat Ctr Hangzhou 311200 Peoples R China

Super-resolution microscopy has broken the traditional resolution barrier of optical microscopy. However, its application in imaging live and thick specimens has been limited. To date, optical sectioning in super-resolution microscopy either rely on inaccurate background estimation or been hindered in live-cell imaging by excessive complexity and cost. Here, we report spatial phasor image scanning microscopy (spISM), which aims to enhance the optical sectioning by a factor of similar to 2 without drawbacks for any microscope equipped with a detector array. By incorporating spatial-domain phasor analysis into image scanning microscopy, spISM decodes information about the axial position, thus accurately identifying in-focus and out-of-focus signals. We demonstrate that this approach is automatic, adaptive, and robust to specimen and microscope setups. It has a rapid processing speed, enabling multicolor imaging in live-cell. The performance of the reported approach is validated by imaging up to eight subcellular structures. As spISM is fully compatible with laser scanning microscopy, it holds great potential to become a turn-key solution for biological research.

关键词： super-resolution microscopy STED nanoscopy array detection background identification real-timelive-cell imaging.

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