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Moving Target Detection for FDA Radar With array errors in Mainlobe Jamming Scenarios

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS 2025年第2期61卷 4127-4137页

作者： Huang, Libing Zhang, Shunsheng Xiao, Siyao Wang, Wen-Qin Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Sch Informat & Commun Engn Chengdu 611731 Peoples R China Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Res Inst Elect Sci & Technol Chengdu 611731 Peoples R China

Mainlobe jamming posesa significant threat to victim radar system. In this article, the problem of detecting moving target in the simultaneous presence of mainlobe smart jamming and array gain and phase (GP) errors is addressed in a frequency diverse array (FDA) radar. At the modeling stage, we assume that the elements of FDA radar are partially calibrated, where the array errors are modeled as GP inconsistency. On this basis, we propose a systematic scheme termed as joint jamming suppression and target detection (JJSTD), where the jamming-plus-noise covariance matrix is recovered to achieve precise removal of the jamming. To further enhance the detection performance of the moving target, we resort to the generalized Radon Fourier transform to accumulate target energy. Note that the proposed JJSTD requires neither nonlinear optimizations nor any prior knowledge regarding the target and mainlobe jamming. Numerical examples demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method against the array GP errors and mainlobe jamming. Moreover, it achieves desired outcomes even in the extreme scenario with array element failures and high jamming-to-signal ratio.

关键词： Jamming Radar Radar detection Object detection Radar antennas Phased arrays array signal processing Receivers Accuracy Vectors array errors frequency diverse array (FDA) radar mainlobe smart jamming moving target detection

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BA-Based Low-PSLL Beampattern Synthesis in the Presence of array errors

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IEEE ACCESS 2022年 10卷 9371-9379页

作者： Wang, Anyi Li, Xuhong Xu, Yanhong Xian Univ Sci & Technol Sch Commun & Informat Engn Xian 710054 Peoples R China

In practical scenarios, there are always array errors, which would increase the sidelobe level (SLL) of the array and distort the performance of the electronic devices consequently. Nevertheless, most of the reported works do not take these unavoidable errors into consideration when implementing array beampattern synthesis. To remedy this problem, a low sidelobe beampattern synthesis approach is proposed in the presence of array errors based on the bat algorithm (BA). In particular, the covariance matrix of the sidelobe region in the presence of array errors is incorporated into the optimization problem. Generally, there are many factors that would contribute to array errors in practical scenarios. Therefore, to reduce the influence of the uncertainty characteristic of the errors on the low-SLL beampattern synthesis, the statistical mean method is utilized to obtain a robust calculation of the covariance matrix in the presence of array errors. Theoretical analysis using signal processing technique and electromagnetic simulation using Ansoft HFSS workbench are combined to testify the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Numerical results show that peak SLLs (PSLLs) of around -22dB and -20dB can be respectively achieved in the above two simulation situations with the obtained weight vectors.

关键词： Phased arrays Antenna arrays Covariance matrices array signal processing Optimization Chebyshev approximation Signal processing algorithms Pattern synthesis array errors low sidelobe level covariance matrix bat algorithm

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Design of Sum and Difference Patterns With Common Nulls and Low SLLs Simultaneously in the Presence of array errors

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION 2019年第2期67卷 934-944页

作者： Xu, Yanhong Shi, Xiaowei Wang, Anyi Xu, Jingwei Xian Univ Sci & Technol Sch Commun & Informat Engn Xian 710054 Shaanxi Peoples R China City Univ Hong Kong State Key Lab Terahertz & Millimeter Waves Hong Kong Peoples R China City Univ Hong Kong Dept Elect Engn Hong Kong 999077 Peoples R China Xidian Univ Collaborat Innovat Ctr Informat Sensing & Underst Natl Key Lab Antennas & Microwave Technol Xian 710071 Shaanxi Peoples R China

Sum (Sigma) and difference (Delta) beampatterns are commonly utilized to estimate the bearings of targets in the radar system. However, the nulls of Delta-pattern are not always aligned with those of Sigma-pattern, and this phenomenon would become more severe in practical scenario since the array errors exist. Meanwhile, the sidelobe level (SLL) of the array would also increase due to the unavoidable errors. The above-described factors would dramatically decrease the performance of radar in the adaptive suppression of interference. To increase the output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio of a radar system, this paper presents an approach to design the low SLL Sigma Delta-patterns where the nulls of the Delta-pattern, excluding the central null, are always aligned with those of the Sigma-pattern in the presence of errors. Two schemes are addressed to obtain the covariance matrix for null-alignment constraint, which is exploited to force nulling in desired angles accordingly. In the sequel, the matrix tapering method is adopted to broaden the nulls and enhance the robustness for the possible errors. With the proposed approach, the low SLL and nulls alignment can be achieved simultaneously. Numerical examples are provided and discussed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solution, including the results based on a linearly spaced microstrip array antenna.

关键词： array errors covariance matrix for null-alignment constraint (CM-NAC) sidelobe reduction sum and difference patterns

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Joint estimation of DOA and channel errors with sparse recovery for SKA low-frequency array

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JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING-JOE 2019年第21期2019卷 8111-8115页

作者： Zhang, Fuqiang Zhang, Zenghui He, Jin Yu, Wenxian Cao, Rui Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Sch Elect Informat & Elect Engn Shanghai Key Lab Intelligent Sensing & Recognit Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China CETC 38 Res Inst Key Lab Aperture Array & Space Applicat Hefei 20038 Anhui Peoples R China

Here, the authors present an improved and fast sparse recovery method for joint estimation of channel errors and direction of arrival (DOA) for square kilometre antennas low-frequency array. Since this array is formed of a large number of antennas and distributed in a very large space, array calibration is a vital step to provide accurate signal information. Then, channel errors are the concerns here, which are assumed to be localised in a priori known interval. To achieve the joint estimation, an approach is proposed by using the alternative optimisation strategy, which theoretically gives convergence results. In detail, the basis pursuit de-noising (BPDN) algorithm and the proximal algorithm are used to estimate the DOA and the array errors, respectively, and the final results are obtained by alternatively solving these two algorithms. Finally, numerical simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of their proposed method.

关键词： array signal processing antenna arrays calibration direction-of-arrival estimation optimisation convex programming radiotelescopes iterative methods DOA array errors joint estimation channel errors improved recovery method fast sparse recovery method square kilometre antennas low-frequency array array calibration accurate signal information basis pursuit de-noising algorithm

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array self-calibration for sky-wave over-the-horizon radar with gain-phase errors

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JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING-JOE 2019年第19期2019卷 6192-6195页

作者： Zhang, Baiqiang Xie, Junhao Harbin Inst Technol Key Lab Marine Environm Monitoring & Informat Pro Minist Ind & Informat Technol Harbin Heilongjiang Peoples R China

This study proposes a novel algorithm for sky-wave over-the-horizon (OTH) radar array self-calibration with angle-independent gain-phase errors. The proposed method exploits backscattered echo from an ionised meteor trail, which can be considered as disjoint sources of opportunity for their spatial and temporal fluctuations during coherent processing interval (CPI). Moreover, this novel self-calibration algorithm can non-iteratively and jointly estimate the gain-phase errors as well as the directions of arrival (DOA) of all the echoes even in large array errors. Simulations illustrate the good performance and efficiency of the method.

关键词： direction-of-arrival estimation HF radio propagation calibration radio links ionospheric electromagnetic wave propagation array signal processing electromagnetic wave scattering sky-wave over-the-horizon radar array self-calibration angle-independent gain-phase errors echo ionised meteor trail spatial fluctuations temporal fluctuations array errors novel self-calibration algorithm coherent processing interval

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WCA-Based Low-PSLL and Wide-Nulling Beampattern Synthesis for Radar Applications

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REMOTE SENSING 2022年第17期14卷 4204-4204页

作者： Xu, Yanhong Wang, Dongyun Wang, Anyi Yan, Yan Xian Univ Sci & Technol Sch Commun & Informat Engn Xian 710054 Peoples R China

There are many unavoidable array errors in practical scenarios, which would drastically increase the sidelobe level (SLL) and distort the performance of radar systems accordingly. In this paper, an effective beampattern synthesis approach is proposed to realize a low peak sidelobe level (PSLL) and wide-nulling in the presence of array errors, thus improving the consequent performance of the radar. In particular, the covariance matrix of the sidelobe region (CMSR) is incorporated into the optimization. Considering the randomness of array errors, the statistical mean method is adopted to obtain a more accurate calculation of the CMSR in the presence of array errors based on a Monte Carlo trial. To efficiently and effectively solve the optimization problem, an advanced metaheuristic algorithm, i.e., the water cycle algorithm (WCA), is adopted when seeking the corresponding optimal weight vectors. Numerical results are provided and discussed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach including the results based on a wideband linearly spaced magneto-electric (ME) dipole array.

关键词： beampattern synthesis array errors low peak sidelobe level (PSLL) wide-nulling water cycle algorithm (WCA) covariance matrix of sidelobe region (CMSR) radar performance

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A Novel Self-Calibration Technique for Linear array Based on Modified MVDR Adaptive Beamformer 12

A Novel Self-Calibration Technique for Linear Array Based on...

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12th International Conference on the Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE)

作者： Khaldoon, Omar Aljaaf, Ahmed J. Alloghani, Mohamed Univ Anbar Ramadi Iraq Liverpool John Moores Univ Liverpool Merseyside England Abu Dhabi Hlth Serv Co Abu Dhabi U Arab Emirates

ISBN: (纸本)9781728130217

Adaptive smart antenna is a combination of antenna arrays and beamforming algorithm. One of the important adaptive beamforming algorithms is Minimum Variance Distortionless Response algorithm (MVDR), which has optimal weight and very good output Signal-to-Interference Noise Ratio (SINR). MVDR is very sensitive to the steering vector errors that may occur due to manufacturing or calibration errors at antennas of the array. Signal suppress (selfnull) phenomena appeared due to this error, where mismatch between presume and actual signals Direction of Arrival (DOA) occurred. This error also may be occurred during the work time of smart antenna and after the final calibration test due the hard weather changes. According to this weather change, the shape of array changes and leads to error in the antenna interdistance. This leads to major degradation in the MVDR beamformer performance. In this paper, a novel diagnoses algorithm of smart antenna self-calibration is proposed. This algorithm aimed to overcome the calibration/manufacturing or shape distortion errors that may essentially exist or may occur by weather changes effect. According to this algorithm the reference element is re-localized to be in the middle of the Uniform Linear array and the rest antenna elements distributed identically at the two sides of this reference. This configuration generates two identical sub -arrays at the two sides of the reference. Due to identical performance of the two subarrays, the inter-distance change between array's antenna elements easily distinguish. Simulation results showed that the proposed algorithm has an effective response against steering vector errors since the desired signal is served by the main radiation beam while the interference is blocked by null.

关键词： Adaptive beamformer array errors MVDR Self-calibration

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Design of robust high-order superdirectivity for circular arrays with sensor gain and phase errors

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EURASIP JOURNAL ON ADVANCES IN SIGNAL PROCESSING 2017年第1期2017卷 1页

作者： Wang, Min Ma, Xiaochuan Yang, Ping Hao, Chengpeng Feng, Xiujuan Zhang, Yue Natl Inst Metrol Div Mech & Acoust Beijing 100029 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Acoust Beijing 100190 Peoples R China

Though the high-order superdirectivity theory proposed in recent years is attractive, it is hard to implement in practice due to its poor robustness to small random array errors. Hence, in this paper, we present two robust designs of high-order superdirectivity for circular arrays with gain and phase errors. Firstly, we study on the sensitivity function of the high-order superdirectivity and give an alternative solution for a robust superdirective beamformer based on sensitivity function constraint. This method could achieve an arbitrary compromise between directivity and robustness, so it is more flexible and applicable than the existing higher-order truncation method. Although it does not improve on computational complexity or performance with respect to the second-order cone programming obviously, it could lay the foundation for the following robust design method. Then, considering the fact that different eigenbeams correspond to different eigenvalues, we study the method of diagonal loading with variable factors in detail, and further improve the performance of the former sensitivity function constrained method by loading variable factors to different eigenbeams, which results in better performance and greater flexibility in making a compromise. We also show that this proposed loading variable factors method can achieve an equivalent result to the higher-order truncation method by setting proper factors. Simulation results demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of the above two methods, especially the performance improvement of the loading variable factors method.

关键词： array errors Circular arrays Diagonal loading High-order superdirectivity Loading variable factors Sensitivity function constraint

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array errors active calibration algorithm based on instrumental sensors

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2011年第7期54卷 1500-1511页

作者： WANG Ding & WU Ying Institute of Information Engineering,Information Engineering University,Zhengzhou 450002,China 1. Institute of Information Engineering Information Engineering University Zhengzhou 450002 China

The array mutual coupling,gain-phase errors and sensor position errors would significantly degrade the performance of high-resolution direction of arrival (DOA) estimation *** at the combined influences of the above three array errors,a kind of active calibration algorithm is presented with the help of instrumental sensors in this ***,the integrated effects of the three array errors are shown to be equivalent to angularly dependent gain-phase ***,a non-linear least square (LS) optimization model for the three array errors is established through an auto-calibration algorithm using auxiliary sensors,and the corresponding resolving algorithms of the LS optimization problem are given according to the different models of array errors ***,the parameter estimation uniqueness of the proposed algorithms is analyzed in detail and an improvement strategy is ***,the effectiveness of the novel algorithm is validated by simulations.

关键词： array calibration array errors mutual coupling effect gain-phase errors sensor position errors instrumental sensors

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Effects of finite samples on the resolution performance of the rank reduction estimator

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2013年第1期56卷 158-171页

作者： WANG Ding WU Ying Institute of Information Engineering Information Engineering University

Compared with some other array errors self-calibration algorithms,the rank reduction estimator(RARE) can provide the "decoupling" direction-of-arrival(DOA) estimation and thus can avoid both iterative computation and local *** this paper,we focus on the angle resolution performance of the RARE in the finite sample ***,the spatial spectrum of the RARE is approximately represented as the quadratic function of the perturbations of the signal ***,the statistical expectation of the spatial spectrum of the RARE is presented,based on which the explicit formula for the mean signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) resolving threshold is *** theoretical analysis is verified through the numerical experiments which are in the context of mutual coupling self-calibration for some uniform ***,the impacts of the power ratio and correlation coefficient of the sources on the resolution capability of the RARE are illustrated via numerical experiments.

关键词： rank reduction estimator(RARE) MUSIC algorithm array errors self-calibration finite samples signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) resolving threshold

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