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Applications of cumulants to array processing .4. Direction finding in coherent signals case

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL processing 1997年第9期45卷 2265-2276页

作者： Gonen, E Mendel, JM Dogan, MC UNIV SO CALIF DEPT ELECT ENGN SYSTINST SIGNAL & IMAGE PROCLOS ANGELESCA 90089 TRW CO INC AVION & SURVEILLANCE GRPSUNNYVALECA

We present a subspace-based direction-finding method for coherent signal environments using an antenna array. Our method, which uses fourth-order statistics, is capable of resolving more signals than a comparable second-order statistics-based subspace method and is applicable to a larger class of arrays. The maximum number of signals resolvable with our method may exceed the number of sensors in the array, Only a uniform linear subarray is needed;the rest of the array may have arbitrary and unknown response and does not require calibration, On the other hand, the comparable second-order statistics-based method is limited to uniform linear arrays only, No search procedure is needed in our method. Simulation experiments supporting our conclusions are provided.

关键词： array processing coherent signals cumulants direction finding higher order statistics multipath propagation

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Combined array processing and space-time coding

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY 1999年第4期45卷 1121-1128页

作者： Tarokh, V Naguib, A Seshadri, N Calderbank, AR AT&T Bell Labs Res Florham Park NJ 07932 USA

The information capacity of wireless communication systems may be increased dramatically by employing multiple transmit and receive antennas. The goal of system design is to exploit this capacity in a practical way, An effective approach to increasing data rate over wireless channels is to employ space-time coding techniques appropriate to multiple transmit antennas. These space-time codes introduce temporal and spatial correlation into signals transmitted from different antennas, so as to provide diversity at the receiver, and coding gain over an uncoded system. For large number of transmit antennas and at high bandwidth efficiencies, the receiver may become too complex whenever correlation across transmit antennas is introduced. This paper dramatically reduces encoding and decoding complexity by partitioning antennas at the transmitter into small groups, and using individual space-time codes, called the component codes, to transmit information from each group of antennas. At the receiver, an individual space-time code is decoded by a novel linear processing technique that suppresses signals transmitted by other groups of antennas by treating them as interference. A simple receiver structure is derived that provides diversity and coding gain over uncoded systems. This combination of array processing at the receiver and coding techniques for multiple transmit antennas can provide reliable and very high data rate communication over narrowband wireless channels. A refinement of this basic structure gives rise to a multilayered space-time architecture that both generalizes and improves upon the layered space-time architecture proposed by Foschini.

关键词： antenna arrays array processing diversity trellis codes wireless communication channel

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A survey on sound source localization in robotics: From binaural to array processing methods

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COMPUTER SPEECH AND LANGUAGE 2015年第1期34卷 87-112页

作者： Argentieri, S. Danes, P. Soueres, P. Univ Paris 06 Sorbonne Univ UMR 7222 ISIR F-75005 Paris France CNRS UMR 7222 ISIR F-75005 Paris France CNRS LAAS F-31400 Toulouse France Univ Toulouse LAAS UPS F-31400 Toulouse France Univ Toulouse LAAS F-31400 Toulouse France

This paper attempts to provide a state-of-the-art of sound source localization in robotics. Noticeably, this context raises original constraints-e.g. embeddability, real time, broadband environments, noise and reverberation-which are seldom simultaneously taken into account in acoustics or signal processing. A comprehensive review is proposed of recent robotics achievements, be they binaural or rooted in array processing techniques. The connections are highlighted with the underlying theory as well as with elements of physiology and neurology of human hearing. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Robot audition Source localization Binaural audition array processing

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SPICE: A Sparse Covariance-Based Estimation Method for array processing

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL processing 2011年第2期59卷 629-638页

作者： Stoica, Petre Babu, Prabhu Li, Jian Uppsala Univ Dept Informat Technol SE-75105 Uppsala Sweden Univ Florida Dept Elect & Comp Engn Gainesville FL 32611 USA

This paper presents a novel SParse Iterative Covariance-based Estimation approach, abbreviated as SPICE, to array processing. The proposed approach is obtained by the minimization of a covariance matrix fitting criterion and is particularly useful in many-snapshot cases but can be used even in single-snapshot situations. SPICE has several unique features not shared by other sparse estimation methods: it has a simple and sound statistical foundation, it takes account of the noise in the data in a natural manner, it does not require the user to make any difficult selection of hyperparameters, and yet it has global convergence properties.

关键词： array processing covariance fitting direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation sparse parameter estimation

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A Spatio-Temporal array processing for Passive Localization of Radio Transmitters

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL processing 2013年第22期61卷 5485-5494页

作者： Bosse, Jonathan Ferreol, Anne Larzabal, Pascal THALES Commun F-92704 Colombes France CNRS ENS Cachan SATIE Lab F-94230 Cachan France

The problem of passive geographical localization is commonly solved by independently measuring intermediate parameters such as angles of arrival (AOA), times of arrival (TOA) or frequencies of arrival (FOA) on different separated multiple-sensors base stations on a first step. These intermediate parameters are then used to estimate the emitter's coordinates on a second step. Such approach is suboptimal. This is why, recently, under line-of-sight conditions, some approaches (sometimes called one-step procedures) exploiting directly all signals collected on all base stations were investigated. Based on a space time observation vector we investigate here a new one-step localization technique called LOST that is spectrum adaptive contrary to the existing one-step approach. Simulations shows that the proposed technique outperforms existing techniques and lies close to the corresponding Cramer-Rao bound.

关键词： array processing transmitter geolocalization AOA estimation

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array processing system for the local position measurement system LPM

Array processing system for the local position measurement s...

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20th International Conference on Applied Electromagnetics and Communications, ICECom 2010

作者： Scherz, P. Haderer, A. Feger, R. Stelzhammer, G. Stelzer, A. Institute for Communications Engineering and RF-Systems Johannes Kepler University Linz A-4040 Austria Christian Doppler Laboratory for Integrated Radar Sensors Johannes Kepler University Altenbergerstraße 69 Linz A-4040 Austria ABATEC Electronic Solutions Oberregauer Straße 48 Regau A-4844 Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9789536037582

This paper describes the development of an array processing system and its integration into the local position measurement system (LPM). The design focus is laid on achieving high speed array processing performance in order to meet existing timing requirements. A field programmable gate array (FPGA) controls the radio frequency receivers and executes the array signal processing algorithms for local positioning. By physically separating the signal processing unit's memory, the FPGA's capacities can be fully exploited, and high signal processing throughput rates can be utilized. To verify the array receiver's performance, measurements in a typical multipath environment are processed by the system. © Copyright 2011 IEEE - All Rights Reserved.

关键词： array processing

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array processing in non-Gaussian noise with the em algorithm

Array processing in non-Gaussian noise with the em algorithm

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1998 23rd IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal processing, ICASSP 1998

作者： Kozick, Richard J. Sadler, Brian M. Blum, Rick S. Bucknell University Electrical Engineering Department Lewisburg PA 17837 United States Army Research Laboratory Inf. Sci. and Tech. Directorate Adelphi MD 20783 United States Lehigh University Elec. Engineering and CS Department Bethlehem PA 18015 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0780344286

A central problem in sensor array processing is the localization of multiple sources and the reception of the signals emitted by those sources. Many approaches have been studied for this problem when the additive noise in the sensor array data is modeled with a Gaussian distribution. However, the schemes designed for Gaussian noise typically perform very poorly when the noise is non-Gaussian. An algorithm is presented for array processing in non-Gaussian noise. The algorithm is based on modeling the noise with a Gaussian mixture distribution. The expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm is then used to derive an iterative processing structure that estimates the source locations, estimates the source waveforms, and adapts the processing to match the characteristics of the noise. Simulation examples are presented to illustrate the performance of the algorithm. © 1998 IEEE.

关键词： array processing

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Detailed Analysis of the Far-Regional Seismic Coda in Kazakhstan Using array processing

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BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2017年第2期107卷 611-623页

作者： Labonne, Claire Sebe, Olivier Smirnov, Alexandr Gaffet, Stephane Cansi, Yves Mikhailova, Natalya Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis CNRS IRD Observ Cote AzurGeoazur UMR 7329 250 Rue Albert Einstein F-06560 Valbonne France CEA DAM DIF F-91297 Arpajon France Natl Nucl Ctr Republ Kazakhstan Inst Geophys Res Chaikinoy St 4 Alma Ata 050020 Kazakhstan Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis Univ Avignon CNRS Aix Marseille UnivLSBB UMS 3538 F-84400 Rustrel France

An analysis of seismic coda phases recorded by five small aperture arrays in Kazakhstan and Russia is performed. The characteristics of the coda phases are obtained using array processing providing estimates of direction of propagation, frequency content, and apparent propagation velocity of coherent arrivals propagating through the arrays. A statistical analysis, using the coda characteristics of the whole dataset (far-regional earthquakes) recorded by the arrays, is performed leading to a time-azimuth distribution of the detected waves. Long Lg-coda wavetrains clearly dominate the far-regional seismic records. The later part of an Lg-coda wavefield is generally expected to consist of omnidirectional and multiple scattered waves;still, in the present study, preferential propagation directions of scattered waves are identified in seismic signals, even for a lapse time larger than 1200 s. The comparison of the Lg-coda characteristics for two different groups of earthquakes and for the different arrays shows that the geometrical configuration of the event array strongly influences the back-azimuthal distribution of detected waves. More precisely, temporal variations of the Lg-coda characteristics are identified: (1) as a transitory regime in the early part of the coda where arrival directions deviate from the epicenter back azimuth (eastward or westward);(2) as a final regime where the later part of the Lg coda observed by the two northern arrays exhibits incoherent phases with random propagation directions;and (3) as a final regime for the three southern arrays, which reveals coherent arrivals propagating from array-specific back azimuths not related to the epicenter back azimuth.

关键词： array processing

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Elastic-wave identification and extraction through array processing: An experimental investigation at the laboratory scale

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JOURNAL OF APPLIED GEOPHYSICS 2011年第2-3期74卷 81-88页

作者： De Cacqueray, Benoit Roux, Philippe Campillo, Michel Catheline, Stefan Boue, Pierre Univ Grenoble 1 ISTerre CNRS UMR 5275 F-38041 Grenoble 9 France CGGVeritas F-91341 Massy France

The mix of body waves and surface waves is a recurrent problem for deep exploration in geophysical contexts. As surface waves represent up to 70% of the recorded energy, they hide a large part of the information coming from the sub-surface through body waves. Efforts have been made in the past to better filter or remove surface waves: however, their impact is always far from negligible, especially with strong backscattering contributions. In parallel, taking advantage of an always growing number of channels, geophysical explorations face new opportunities to enhance the quality of Earth imaging. For example, better spatial sampling is a way to better use or remove surface waves. There are compromises to find between higher spatial sampling and operational costs, even for on-field tests. In this context, surface-wave studies at the laboratory scale are a flexible way to evaluate new acquisition designs and processing. This study shows how a gel-based phantom can be used successfully to study elastic-wave mixing in the context of geophysics prospection. Small-scale experiments provide the records of thousands of traces. Using projections in the slowness/angle domain, wave separation and identification algorithms are proposed, with the goal of being able to adapt array processing to geophysical-like designs. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Surface waves Wave separation Beamforming Laboratory-scale experiment Agar-agar Elastic wave array processing Geophysical exploration

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Generalized Bayesian Information Criterion for Source Enumeration in array processing

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL processing 2013年第6期61卷 1470-1480页

作者： Lu, Zhihua Zoubir, Abdelhak M. Tech Univ Darmstadt Signal Proc Grp Inst Telecommun D-64283 Darmstadt Germany

We investigate the problem of enumerating source signals impinging on an array of sensors in an information theoretic framework. The conventional Bayesian information criterion (BIC) does not yield satisfactory performance for this problem because it only considers the density of the observations. In order to remedy the limitations of the BIC, we propose a generalized Bayesian information criterion (GBIC) rule by incorporating the density of the sample eigenvalues or corresponding statistics. Such a density contains extra information and complements the density of the observations in constructing the GBIC. As a result, two different expressions for the GBIC are suggested. Simulation results validate the superiority of the proposed GBIC over the conventional BIC in terms of correctly determining the number of sources while their computational costs are comparable.

关键词： array processing Bayesian information criterion (BIC) information theoretic criteria minimum description length (MDL) model order selection sample eigenvalue source enumeration

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