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VLSI methodology for the design of RNS and QRNS full adder based converters

IEE PROCEEDINGS-CIRCUITS DEVICES AND SYSTEMS 2002年第4期149卷 241-250页

作者： Soudris, DJ Dasygenis, MM Thanailakis, AT Democritus Univ Thrace Dept Elect & Comp Engn GR-67100 Xanthi Greece

A unified graph-based methodology for designing VLSI residue number system (RNS) converters from binary system to RNS to quadratic RNS (QRNS) and conversely, using full adders (FAs) as the basic building block, is introduced. The design procedure produces array architectures starting from the algorithm bit level description of each converter and ending up with the hardware implementation, through a number of steps. These steps specify in a systematic way the minimum number of FAs for performing a conversion, as well as the interconnections among the FAs. They are implemented into a two-dimensional regular array processor and characterised by small hardware and area time complexity, and high throughput rate, compared with existing implementations. The derived architectures are generalised, covering a wide range of moduli and input bits.

关键词： FAS gene throughput rate Converters Binary systems basic component Very large scale integration design process full adder array PROCESSORS array structure residue number systems

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Simulation study of ZnO nanowire FET arrays for photosensitivity enhancement of UV photodetectors

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SUPERLATTICES AND MICROstructureS 2018年 122卷 18-27页

作者： Bafghi, Z. Golshan Manavizadeh, N. KN Toosi Univ Technol Fac Elect Engn Tehran *** Iran

An ultraviolet photodetector based on zinc oxide nanowire field effect transistor is designed and simulated in three configurations including single nanowire, three parallel and array of six nanowires. Transient response of photodetectors is studied by mixed-mode simulation. Results demonstrate that the light/dark current ratio is increased to 10 for the parallel and array of six nanowires. Transmission percentage of undesired wavelengths increases to 80% in the array of six nanowires, additionally. Furthermore, parallel nanowires detectors enhance photosensitivity from 3.325 in single nanowire structure to 12.477 in parallel structure;however, it does not impact on quantum efficiency. On the other hand, the array of six nanowires structure raises external quantum efficiency substantially from 50% for single nanowire to 58%. Moreover, array structure stables the photodetector in a variety of illumination angles. Although, field effect transistor photodetector structure improves the performance of UV detector and boost photo detector response time, three parallel and array of six nanowires structures slightly increase response time to 8.4 and 9.9 mu s, respectively in comparison with single nanowire structure. The proposed UV detector receives an encouraging response to mu W range of power light intensity.

关键词： UV photodetector ZnO nanowire FET array structure Quantum efficiency Transient response Illuminating angle Photosensitivity

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Depiction and analysis of a modified H-shaped double-negative meta atom for satellite communication

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES 2018年第10期10卷 1155-1165页

作者： Alam, Md Jubaer Faruque, Mohammad Rashed Iqbal Azim, Rezaul Islam, Mohammad Tariqul Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia Space Sci Ctr ANGKASA Inst Climate Change IPI Bangi 43600 Selangor Malaysia Univ Chittagong Dept Phys Chittagong 4331 Bangladesh Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia Dept Elect Elect & Syst Engn Bangi 43600 Selangor Malaysia

A modified H-shaped metamaterial is imparted in this paper that has a multiple band coverage for reflection and transmission coefficient. The proposed structure exhibits triple band coverage for the permittivity and permeability. Two split ring resonators (SRR) are connected with the substantial H-shaped structure. The 12 x 12 mm(2) structure has been printed on FR-4 and a correlation is made between the basic unit-cell and array structures. A comparison is made among 1 x 2, 2 x 2, and 4 x 4 array structures with 1 x 2, 2 x 2, and 4 x 4 unit-cell configurations to validate the performance of the proposed metamaterial. A great transmission coefficient having a band of 13 GHz with a 500 MHz band gap in the middle is demonstrated for all of these configurations. The effective parameters of the resonators cover C, X, and Ku bands independently with double-negative phenomena at X and Ku bands with a frequency range of about 2.5 GHz. The reflection and transmission coefficients of the unit cell are obtained by CST microwave studio. Having an auspicious design and wide range double-negative characteristics, this structure can be applied to satellite communication.

关键词： array structure double negative meta atom satellite communication

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Spatially extended atmospheric plasma arrays

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PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010年第2期19卷 025003:1-025003:14页

作者： Cao, Z. Nie, Q. Bayliss, D. L. Walsh, J. L. Ren, C. S. Wang, D. Z. Kong, M. G. Univ Loughborough Dept Elect & Elect Engn Loughborough LE11 3TU Leics England Dalian Univ Technol Sch Phys & Optoelect Technol Dalian Peoples R China

This paper reports a systematic study of spatially extended atmospheric plasma (SEAP) arrays employing many parallel plasma jets packed densely and arranged in an honeycomb configuration. The work is motivated by the challenge of using inherently small atmospheric plasmas to address many large-scale processing applications including plasma medicine. The first part of the study considers a capillary-ring electrode configuration as the elemental jet with which to construct a 2D SEAP array. It is shown that its plasma dynamics is characterized by strong interaction between two plasmas initially generated near the two electrodes. Its plume length increases considerably when the plasma evolves into a high-current continuous mode from the usual bullet mode. Its electron density is estimated to be at the order of 3.7 x 10(12) cm(-3). The second part of the study considers 2D SEAP arrays constructed from parallelization of identical capillary-ring plasma jets with very high jet density of 0.47-0.6. Strong jet-jet interactions of a 7-jet 2D array are found to depend on the excitation frequency, and are effectively mitigated with the jet-array structure that acts as an effective ballast. The impact range of the reaction chemistry of the array exceeds considerably the cross-sectional dimension of the array itself, and the physical reach of reactive species generated by any single jet exceeds significantly the jet-jet distance. As a result, the jet array can treat a large sample surface without relative sample-array movement. A 37-channel SEAP array is used to indicate the scalability with an impact range of up to 48.6 mm in diameter, a step change in capability from previously reported SEAP arrays. 2D SEAP arrays represent one of few current options as large-scale low-temperature atmospheric plasma technologies with distinct capability of directed delivery of reactive species and effective control of the jet-jet and jet-sample interactions.

关键词： array structure plasma evolves extended atmospheric Plasmas reaction chemistry arrays step change Plasma jets sample surface excitation frequency cross-sectional dimension array structure

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Analysis of Floquet wave generation and propagation in a plate with multiple arrays of line attachments

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JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION 2000年第5期234卷 819-840页

作者： Gueorguiev, D McDaniel, JG DuPont, P Felsen, LB Boston Univ Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn Boston MA 02215 USA Boston Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Boston MA 02215 USA

A variety of engineering structures consist of a homogeneous "master structure", such as a plate or shell, to which are attached multiple arrays of substructures, such as ribs or stringers. The goal of this work is to understand the effects of array impedance and spacing on energy flow in the master structure. Such an understanding may ultimately lead to a design process encompassing both the attenuation of vibrational energy and the support of static loads. Here, the vibrational response of a locally excited master structure is studied analytically for a class of structures involving an arbitrary number of substructure arrays. The approach is presented in the context of an elastic plate which is reinforced by multiple arrays of line attachments and acted upon by a line force. Extension of the analysis to other geometries and loadings is straightforward. A recursive analytical procedure is presented by which Floquet wavenumbers of a structure with p arrays are computed from the wavenumbers of a structure with p - I of the arrays attached. In this way, the Floquet wavenumbers of any multiple array structure can be computed by first considering the master structure alone and then computing the effect of attaching each array in turn. The imaginary parts of the Floquet wavenumbers quantify the attenuation of response along the structure. In addition, the spatial response is obtained analytically as a sum of two Floquet waves through simplification and transformation of the wavenumber domain solution. By way of example, a three-array structure is considered to illustrate the recursive computation of the wavenumbers and to demonstrate the correlation between the imaginary parts of the wavenumbers and the spatial attenuation of the structural response. (C) 2000 Academic Press.

关键词： engineering structures arrays Energy flow propagation Wave generation Vibrational energy Imaginary Part array structure energy exchange

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Design considerations for MRAM

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IBM JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 2006年第1期50卷 25-39页

作者： Maffitt, TM DeBrosse, JK Gabric, JA Gow, ET Lamorey, MC Parenteau, JS Willmott, DR Wood, MA Gallagher, WJ IBM Corp Syst & Technol Grp Essex Jct VT 05452 USA IBM Corp Thomas J Watson Res Ctr Yorktown Hts NY 10598 USA

MRAM (magnetic random access memory) technology, based on the use of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) as memory elements, is a potentially fast nonvolatile memory;technology;with very high write endurance. This paper is an overview of MRAM design considerations. Topics covered include MRAM fundamentals, array architecture, several associated design studies, and scaling, challenges. In addition, a 16-Mb MRAM demonstration vehicle is described, and performance results are presented.

关键词： Magnetic tunnel junction MRAM memory element array structure

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Correlation of Column Sequences from the arrays of Sidelnikov Sequences of Different Periods

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IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATIONS AND COMPUTER SCIENCES 2019年第10期E102A卷 1333-1339页

作者： Song, Min Kyu Song, Hong-Yeop Yonsei Univ Channel Coding & Crypto Lab Seoul South Korea Yonsei Univ Seoul South Korea

We show that the non-trivial correlation of two properly chosen column sequences of length q - 1 from the array structure of two Sidelnikov sequences of periods q(e) - 1 and q(d) - 1, respectively, is upper-bounded by (2d - 1) root q + 1, if 2 <= e < d < 1/2 (root q - 2/root q + 1). Based on this, we propose a construction by combining properly chosen columns from arrays of size (q - 1) x q(e) - 1/q-1 with e = 2, 3,..., d. The combining process enlarge the family size while maintaining the upper-bound of maximum non-trivial correlation. We also propose an algorithm for generating the sequence family based on Chinese remainder theorem. The proposed algorithm is more efficient than brute force approach.

关键词： Sidelnikov sequences array structure correlation

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FAST FORMS OF BANDED MAPS

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ACOUSTICS SPEECH AND SIGNAL PROCESSING 1990年第7期38卷 1192-1197页

作者： PORTER, WA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alabama Huntsville AL USA

A decomposition technique for linear algorithms called the concurrent triple product (CTP) structure is tested on a class of maps which are diagonally banded. The banded maps include Toeplitz, convolution, and Hilbert transform operations, each of which is considered. The CTP and its interrelationship with array architectures is discussed. The concept of computational reassignment is introduced. This technique takes advantage of matrix sparsity to simplify the CTR expansion. While considering the Hilbert transform, it is shown that computational reassignment in the limit becomes a complete reorganization of the algorithm. Thus, the CTP decomposition can be viewed as a family of techniques.

关键词： Hilbert Diagonal Triple product maps cytidine triphosphate array structure

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Analogue beamforming solution for beam-alignment problem

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IET COMMUNICATIONS 2020年第15期14卷 2576-2583页

作者： Rastegari, Mahdi Olfat, Ali Amini, Ebrahim Univ Tehran Signal Proc Commun Syst Lab Tehran Iran

Analogue only beamforming generally refers to a structure of analogue phase shifters that have no control over the amplitude of the signals and are utilised in millimetre-wave massive multi-input multi-output systems to reduce the cost and power consumption. Conventional analogue only beamforming methods are based on beam-training and subspace sampling where the transmitter and receiver select the best beamformer and combiner from a list of predefined beam patterns to maximise the beamforming gain. In this study, first, the beam-alignment problem is formulated as a quadratic optimisation problem with quadratic constraints. Then, a practical solution for analogue only beamforming is proposed to maximise beamforming gain. The proposed method has no assumption on the array structure or isotropic antenna elements in the array. Also, a new method is proposed to design sub-codebooks to reduce the construction time of the codebook. Simulation results also corroborate the analytical results and performance of the proposed method.

关键词： antenna arrays phase shifters array signal processing MIMO communication optimisation analogue beamforming solution beam-alignment problem analogue phase shifters millimetre-wave massive multiinput multioutput systems power consumption conventional analogue beam-training subspace sampling transmitter receiver combiner predefined beam patterns beamforming gain quadratic optimisation problem quadratic constraints array structure

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A SWITCHED-CAPACITOR IMPLEMENTATION FOR VIDEO-RATE 2-D FILTERS

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS 1993年第2期39卷 136-140页

作者： KAUFMAN, HJ SIDAHMED, MA Department of Electrical Engineering University of Windsor Windsor ONT Canada

In this work we present a switched-capacitor (SC) implementation for a semi-systolic realization of a 2-D recursive filter structure. The structure is capable of operating at video rates and is amenable to VLSI fabrication, due to the application of systolic array architecture and SC circuit techniques. The folded-cascode CMOS op-amp topology is adopted because it yields high performance in high-speed SC circuits. Utilization of this type of op-amp makes it possible to minimize the settling time response that governs the upper limit of throughput rate.

关键词： capacitor switching CMOS operational amplifier Operational amplifiers Scandium HIGH-PERFORMANCE Time response Videotapes recursive filters throughput rate Filters array structure circuit technique

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