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Compact Multifunctional CWDM arrayed waveguide grating router Cascaded With Optical Switches

IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS 2025年第9期37卷 504-507页

作者： Zhang, Shuojian Xu, Zikang Fan, Zhuping Yang, Rui Wu, Yangbo Song, Guocai Yu, Jiahui Zhu, Junqiang Zhao, Jiasheng He, Jian-Jun Zhejiang Univ Coll Opt Sci & Engn State Key Lab Extreme Photon & Instrumentat Hangzhou 310027 Peoples R China Huawei Technol Co Ltd Base Stn Platform Dept Shanghai 201206 Peoples R China Lightip Technol Co Ltd Hangzhou 310030 Peoples R China

We present a silica-based bidirectional arrayed waveguide grating router (AWGR) chip with cascaded optical switches intended for coarse wavelength-division-multiplexing (CWDM) applications. It performs multiple functions including multi/demultiplexing, switching and wavelength routing within a compact chip size. For uplink signal, we achieved a 1 dB optical bandwidth of more than 15 nm while for downlink signal, a 3 dB optical bandwidth of 12 nm was attained. The cascaded extinction ratios of optical switches are all above 30 dB across a large wavelength range. The results demonstrate its promising potential for flexible and cost-effective CWDM systems.

关键词： arrayed waveguide grating router coarsewavelength-division-multiplexing coarsewavelength-division-multiplexing optical switch optical switch

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Direct Optical Convolution Computing Based on arrayed waveguide grating router

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LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS 2024年第9期18卷

作者： Cheng, Jialin Li, Chong Dai, Jun Chu, Yayan Niu, Xinxiang Dong, Xiaowen He, Jian-Jun Zhejiang Univ Coll Opt Sci & Engn Ctr Integrated Optoelect State Key Lab Extreme Photon & Instrumentat Hangzhou 310027 Peoples R China Huawei Technol Co Ltd Shenzhen 518000 Guangdong Peoples R China

Optical convolution computing is gaining traction owing to its inherent parallelism, multi-dimensional processing, and energy efficiency. To handle input dimensions of N, conventional implementations necessitate N2 optical elements, such as Mach-Zehnder interferometers or micro-ring resonators, to process multiply-accumulate (MAC) operations, limiting scalability and resulting in elevated power consumption. Here, a direct convolution computing method based on wavelength routing, utilizing the unique sliding property of an arrayed waveguide grating router (AWGR) to perform the sliding window operation of the convolution in the wavelength-space domains is proposed. With two input vectors directly loaded onto two modulator arrays, the convolution result is instantaneously produced at a photodetector array. The entire convolution computation is executed within a single clock cycle without the need for preprocessing or decomposition into elementary MAC operations. The number of active elements is minimal, only needed for input/output. The proposed optical convolution unit has striking advantages of high scalability, high speed, and processing simplicity compared to those based on optical matrix-vector multipliers. In the first experimental demonstration, a remarkable classification accuracy of up to 98.2% in handwritten digit recognition tasks using a LeNet-5 neural network is achieved. A direct convolution computing method based on wavelength routing, utilizing the unique sliding property of an arrayed waveguide grating router (AWGR) to perform the sliding window operation of the convolution in the wavelength-space domains is proposed and demonstrated. With two inputs vectors directly loaded onto modulator arrays, the convolution result is instantaneously produced at a photodetector array. image

关键词： arrayed waveguide grating router handwritten digit recognition LeNet-5 neural network optical convolution computing

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Fast-tunable Graphene-based AWGR for Deep Learning Training Networks 1

Fast-tunable Graphene-based AWGR for Deep Learning Training ...

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1st Workshop on Hot Topics in Optical Technologies and Applications in Networking (HotOptics)

作者： Zhang, Shicheng Xue, Xuwei Guo, Bingli Li, Yixuan Li, Wenzhe Shen, Shikui Qian, Haoze Yin, Xiaojie Wei, Buzheng Yuan, Guojun Tang, Xiongyan Huang, Shanguo Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun State Key Lab Informat Photon & Opt Commun Beijing Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Comp Technol Beijing Peoples R China China Unicom Res Inst Beijing Beijing Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Key Lab Optoelect Mat & Devices Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400707162

Optical interconnection networks are often cited as ways to break through the energy-bandwidth limitations of conventional electrical wires and improve interconnect performance in data centers and high-performance computing (HPC). However, due to the rigorous demands on latency and bandwidth imposed by the trillions of parameters synchronization in the distributed training, current optical interconnect technologies, such as those based on arrayed waveguide grating routers (AWGR) or MEMS optical switches, have become critical performance bottlenecks in Deep Learning. In this paper, targeting the periodic patterns of internode interconnectivity and the multiple iterative feature in distributed training, we propose a graphene-based fast-tunable AWGR device. The switching characteristics of this device are highly compatible with the traffic features of distributed computing, which is expected to significantly improve the training efficiency of large-scale deep learning. Leveraging the strong electromagnetic wave confinement achieved with multilayer graphene, we achieve picosecond-level tuning speeds and center wavelength shifts across the full Free Spectral Range (FSR). Theoretical calculations and simulation results indicate that our optical interconnect approach speeds up the training times of deep learning applications around 33%.

关键词： optical switching optical interconnection Distributed Computing arrayed waveguide grating router

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Silicon-based cyclic arrayed waveguide grating routers with improved loss uniformity

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OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS 2018年 427卷 628-634页

作者： Song, Guangyi Wang, Shuxin Zou, Jun Lang, Tingting He, Jian-Jun Zhejiang Univ Coll Opt Sci & Engn Ctr Integrated Optoelect State Key Lab Modern Opt Instrumentat Hangzhou 310027 Zhejiang Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Technol Coll Sci Hangzhou 310023 Zhejiang Peoples R China China Jiliang Univ Coll Opt & Elect Technol Hangzhou 310016 Zhejiang Peoples R China

We present silicon-on-insulator (SOI)-based cyclic arrayed waveguide grating routers (AWGRs) with improved channel loss uniformity in the full free spectral range (FSR) by using dual-tapered auxiliary waveguides between the ends of arrayed waveguides. The field distribution at the image plane of the output free propagation region (FPR) is adjusted by the auxiliary waveguides and a flat-top shape can be obtained by appropriate optimization. 8x8 and 15x15 AWGRs with optimized auxiliary waveguides, having a channel spacing of 3.2 nm and 1.6 nm, respectively, are fabricated and the measured loss non-uniformity is less than 0.5 dB, significantly improved by at least 1.5 dB compared with conventional AWGRs.

关键词： arrayed waveguide grating router Dual-tapered auxiliary waveguide Loss non-uniformity

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Multi-FSR Silicon Photonic Flex-LIONS Module for Bandwidth-Reconfigurable All-to-All Optical Interconnects

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JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY 2020年第12期38卷 3200-3208页

作者： Xiao, Xian Proietti, Roberto Liu, Gengchen Lu, Hongbo Zhang, Yu Ben Yoo, S. J. Univ Calif Davis Dept Elect & Comp Engn Davis CA 95616 USA

This article proposes and experimentally demonstrates the first bandwidth-reconfigurable all-to-all optical interconnects using a multi-Free-Spectral-Ranges (FSR) integrated 8 x 8 SiPh Flex-LIONS module. The multi-FSR operation utilizes the first FSR (FSR1) to steer the bandwidth between selected node pairs and the zeroth FSR (FSR0) to guarantee a minimum diameter all-to-all topology among the interconnected nodes after reconfiguration. Successful Flex-LIONS design, fabrication, packaging, and system testing demonstrate error-free all-to-all interconnects for both FSR0 and FSR1 with a 5.3-dB power penalty induced by AWGR intra-band crosstalk under the worst-case polarization scenario. After reconfiguration in FSR1, the bandwidth between the selected pair of nodes is increased from 50 to 125 Gb/s while maintaining a 25 Gb/s/lambda all-to-all interconnectivity in FSR0.

关键词： Bandwidth Silicon Fabrication Optical switches Silicon compounds Couplers arrayed waveguide grating router optical interconnections optical switches photonic integrated circuits silicon photonics

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Silicon Photonic Flex-LIONS for Bandwidth-Reconfigurable Optical Interconnects

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IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS 2020年第2期26卷 1页

作者： Xiao, Xian Proietti, Roberto Liu, Gengchen Lu, Hongbo Fotouhi, Pouya Werner, Sebastian Zhang, Yu Ben Yoo, S. J. Univ Calif Davis Dept Elect & Comp Engn Davis CA 95616 USA

This paper reports the first experimental demonstration of silicon photonic (SiPh) Flex-LIONS, a bandwidth-reconfigurable SiPh switching fabric based on wavelength routing in arrayed waveguide grating routers (AWGRs) and space switching. Compared with the state-of-the-art bandwidth-reconfigurable switching fabrics, Flex-LIONS architecture exhibits 21 less number of switching elements and 2.9 lower on-chip loss for 64 ports, which indicates significant improvements in scalability and energy efficiency. System experimental results carried out with an 8-port SiPh Flex-LIONS prototype demonstrate error-free one-to-eight multicast interconnection at 25 Gbs and bandwidth reconfiguration from 25 Gbs to 100 Gbs between selected input and output ports. Besides, benchmarking simulation results show that Flex-LIONS can provide a 1.33 reduction in packet latency and > 1.5 improvements in energy efficiency when replacing the core layer switches of Fat-Tree topologies with Flex-LIONS. Finally, we discuss the possibility of scaling Flex-LIONS up to N 1024 ports (N M W) by arranging M-2 W-port Flex-LIONS in a Thin-CLOS architecture using W wavelengths.

关键词： Optical switches Silicon Fabrics Insertion loss Bandwidth arrayed waveguide gratings arrayed waveguide grating router optical interconnections optical switches photonic integrated circuits silicon photonics

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Flex-LIONS: A Silicon Photonic Bandwidth-Reconfigurable Optical Switch Fabric

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IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2020年第11期E103B卷 1190-1198页

作者： Proietti, Roberto Xiao, Xian Fariborz, Marjan Fotouhi, Pouya Zhang, Yu Ben Yoo, S. J. Univ Calif Davis Elect & Comp Engn Dept Davis CA 95616 USA

This paper summarizes our recent studies on architecture, photonic integration, system validation and networking performance analysis of a flexible low-latency interconnect optical network switch (Flex-LIONS) for datacenter and high-performance computing (HPC) applications. Flex-LIONS leverages the all-to-all wavelength routing property in arrayed waveguide grating routers (AWGRs) combined with microring resonator (MRR)-based add/drop filtering and multi-wavelength spatial switching to enable topology and bandwidth reconfigurability to adapt the interconnection to different traffic profiles. By exploiting the multiple free spectral ranges of AWGRs, it is also possible to provide reconfiguration while maintaining minimum-diameter all-to-all interconnectivity. We report experimental results on the design, fabrication, and system testing of 8 x 8 silicon photonic (SiPh) Flex-LIONS chips demonstrating error-free all-to-all communication and reconfiguration exploiting different free spectral ranges (FSR0 and FSR1, respectively). After reconfiguration in FSR1, the bandwidth between the selected pair of nodes is increased from 50 Gb/s to 125 Gb/s while an all interconnectivity at 25 Gb/s is maintained using FSR0. Finally, we investigate the use of Flex-LIONS in two different networking scenarios. First, networking simulations for a 256-node datacenter inter-rack communication scenario show the potential latency and energy benefits when using Flex-LIONS for optical reconfiguration based on different traffic profiles (a legacy fat-tree architecture is used for comparison). Second, we demonstrate the benefits of leveraging two FSRs in an 8-node 64-core computing system to provide reconfiguration for the hotspot nodes while maintaining minimum-diameter all-to-all interconnectivity.

关键词： arrayed waveguide grating router optical interconnections optical switches photonic integrated circuits silicon photonics

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Foundry-Enabled Scalable All-to-All Optical Interconnects Using Silicon Nitride arrayed waveguide router Interposers and Silicon Photonic Transceivers

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IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS 2019年第5期25卷 1-9页

作者： Zhang, Yu Xiao, Xian Zhang, Kaiqi Li, Siwei Samanta, Anirban Zhang, Yichi Shang, Kuanping Proietti, Roberto Okamoto, Katsunari Yoo, S. J. Ben Univ Calif Davis Elect & Comp Engn Dept Davis CA 95616 USA Okamoto Lab Tsukuba Ibaraki 3100035 Japan

This paper summarizes our latest results of integrated all-to-all optical interconnect systems using compact, low-loss silicon nitride (SiN) arrayed waveguide grating router (AWGR) through AIM photonics' multiple-project-wafer services. In particular, we have designed, taped out, and initially characterized a chip-scale silicon photonic low-latency interconnect optical network switch (Si-LIONS) system with an 8 x 8 200 GHz spacing cyclic SiN AWGR, 64 microdisk modulators, and 64 ON-chip germanium photodector (PD). The 8 x 8 SiN AWGR in design has a measured insertion loss of 1.8 dB and a crosstalk of -13 dB, with a footprint of 1.3 mm x 0.9 mm. We measured an error-free performance of the microdisk modulator at 10 Gb/s upon 1Vpp voltage swing. We demonstrated wavelength routing with error-free data transmission using the ON-chip modulator, SiN AWGR, and an external PD. We have designed and taped out the optical interposer version of the all-to-all system using SiN waveguides and low-loss chip-to-interposer couplers. Finally, we illustrate our preliminary designs and results of 16x16 and 32x32 SiN AWGRs, and discuss the possibility of scaling beyond 1024 x 1024 all-to-all interconnections with reduced number of wavelengths (e.g., 64) using the Thin-CLOS architecture.

关键词： arrayed waveguide grating router electronic-photonic integration optical interposer photonic integrated circuits silicon photonics

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Crosstalk-Aware Wavelength-Switched All-to-All Optical Interconnect Using Sub-Optimal AWGRs

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IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS 2019年第18期31卷 1507-1510页

作者： Pitris, Stelios Mitsolidou, Charoula Moralis-Pegios, Miltiadis Alexoudi, Theoni Pleros, Nikos Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki Ctr Interdisciplinary Res & Innovat Dept Informat Thessaloniki 54621 Greece

We propose a crosstalk (XT)-aware wavelength (lambda)-detuning scheme to overcome the non-optimal in-band XT limiting all-to-all optical interconnects based on sub-optimal arrayed waveguide grating routers (AWGR). Experimental validation is demonstrated employing an 8 x 8 O-band cyclic Si-AWGR with 10 nm channel spacing and a 5.5 nm channel bandwidth, where the in-band XT limits the simultaneous use of the same lambda in only 2 out of the 8 possible AWGR I/O routing scenarios, yielding a 10(-7) error-floor when > 3 channels at the same lambda are launched. We present experimentally an 8x25 Gb/s lambda-switched interconnect exploiting slightly detuned lambda s around the central lambda for realizing all 8 possible I/O routing scenarios, enabling an error-free all-to-all interconnect even for sub-optimal AWGRs. Error-free simultaneous transmission via the AWGR of all 8 channels using 4 lambda s and a lambda utilization factor 2 is shown, with a max. power penalty of 4.64 dB at 10(-9) error-rate.

关键词： arrayed waveguide grating router AWGR-based interconnects wavelength routing optical crosstalk

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High-Capacity Optical Wireless Communication Using Two-Dimensional IR Beam Steering

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JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY 2018年第19期36卷 4486-4493页

作者： Koonen, Ton Gomez-Agis, Fausto Huijskens, Frans Mekonnen, Ketemaw Addis Cao, Zizheng Tangdiongga, Eduward Eindhoven Univ Technol Inst Photon Integrat NL-5612 AZ Eindhoven Netherlands

The free-space narrow infrared beams can offer unprecedented data capacity to devices individually, as they can provide non-shared connections that have a large link power budget. By means of a fully passive module based on a high port count arrayed waveguide grating router (AWGR), many infrared beams can be 2D steered individually using wavelength tuning. By applying the defocusing techniques, a compact beam steering module has been realized. A simultaneous communication at up to 112 Gbit/s PAM-4 per beam has been shown with an 80-ports AWGR, thus offering a total wireless throughput beyond 8.9 Tbit/s. The wireless provisioning of multiple ultrahigh-definition video streams has been demonstrated in a proof-of-concept laboratory setup.

关键词： Optical wireless communication optical beam steering arrayed waveguide grating router

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