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Dynamic slicing of distributed aspect-oriented Programs: A context-sensitive approach

COMPUTER STANDARDS & INTERFACES 2017年 52卷 71-84页

作者： Singh, Jagannath Khilar, P. M. Mohapatra, D. P. Natl Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci & Engn Rourkela India

This paper presents a dynamic parallel context-sensitive slicing algorithm for distributed AOPs. The context sensitivity makes the computed slice more precise and accurate. We introduce parallelism in our algorithm to make slice computation faster. We have developed a tool called D-aspectJ slider to compute dynaMic slices for distributed AOPs. The proposed slicing technique is compared with two other related existing techniques using ten case studies. The experimentation shows that our proposed slicing algorithm generates smaller slices in less time as compared to other two existing algorithms.

关键词： Program slicing Context-sensitive aspect-oriented programming Distributed aspect-oriented Programs Dynamic slicing

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aspect-oriented RTL HW design using SystemC

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MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROSYSTEMS 2014年第2期38卷 113-123页

作者： Mueck, T. R. Froehlich, A. A. Univ Fed Santa Catarina UFSC CTC LISHA BR-88040900 Florianopolis SC Brazil

With the increasing complexity of digital hardware designs, hardware description languages are being pushed to higher levels of abstraction, thus allowing for the use of design artifacts which were previously exclusive to the software domain. In this paper we aim to contribute to this scenario by proposing artifacts and guidelines for hardware design at the register transfer level using object-oriented and aspect-oriented programming concepts. Our methodology is based on features provided by SystemC, a C++-based hardware description language, and leverages on its synthesizable subset in order to produce designs suitable for circuit synthesis. Our experimental results show that the introduction of aspect-oriented design artifacts results in an increased level of flexibility and reusability while yielding a circuit area overhead of only 2.5% when compared to non-aspect-oriented designs. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： aspect-oriented programming RTL hardware design Hardware description languages SystemC

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Controlling a complete hardware synthesis toolchain with LARA aspects

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MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROSYSTEMS 2013年第8期37卷 1073-1089页

作者： Cardoso, Joao M. P. Carvalho, Tiago Coutinho, Jose G. F. Nobre, Ricardo Nane, Razvan Diniz, Pedro C. Petrov, Zlatko Luk, Wayne Bertels, Koen Univ Porto Fac Engn FEUP Dept Informat Engn Portugal INESC TEC P-4200465 Oporto Portugal Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med Dept Comp London SW7 2BZ England INESC ID P-1000029 Lisbon Portugal Delft Univ Technol Comp Engn Lab NL-2628 CD Delft Netherlands Honeywell Int Sro Brno 62700 Czech Republic

The synthesis and mapping of applications to configurable embedded systems is a notoriously complex process. Design-flows typically include tools that have a wide range of parameters which interact in very unpredictable ways, thus creating a large and complex design space. When exploring this space, designers must manage the interfaces between different tools and apply, often manually, a sequence of tool-specific transformations making design exploration extremely cumbersome and error-prone. This paper describes the use of techniques inspired by aspect-oriented technology and scripting languages for defining and exploring hardware compilation strategies. In particular, our approach allows developers to control all stages of a hardware/software compilation and synthesis toolchain: from code transformations and compiler optimizations to placement and routing for tuning the performance of application kernels. Our approach takes advantage of an integrated framework which provides a transparent and unified view over toolchains, their data output and the control of their execution. We illustrate the use of our approach when designing application-specific hardware architectures generated by a toolchain composed of high-level source-code transformation and synthesis tools. The results show the impact of various strategies when targeting custom hardware and expose the complexities in devising these strategies, hence highlighting the productivity benefits of this approach. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Design-Space Exploration (DSE) Automatic hardware synthesis Hardware/software partitioning Program transformations aspect-oriented programming FPGAs

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An empirical study on the impact of aspectJ on software evolvability

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EMPIRICAL SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2018年第4期23卷 2018-2050页

作者： Przybylek, Adam Gdansk Univ Technol Fac Elect Telecommun & Informat Narutowicza 11-12 PL-80233 Gdansk Poland

Since its inception in 1996, aspect-oriented programming (AOP) has been believed to reduce the effort required to maintain software systems by replacing cross-cutting code with aspects. However, little convincing empirical evidence exists to support this claim, while several studies suggest that AOP brings new obstacles to maintainability. This paper discusses two controlled experiments conducted to evaluate the impact of aspectJ (the most mature and popular aspect-oriented programming language) versus Java on software evolvability. We consider evolvability as the ease with which a software system can be updated to fulfill new requirements. Since a minor language was compared to the mainstream, the experiments were designed so as to anticipate that the participants were much more experienced in one of the treatments. The first experiment was performed on 35 student subjects who were asked to comprehend either Java or aspectJ implementation of the same system, and perform the corresponding comprehension tasks. Participants of both groups achieved a high rate of correct answers without a statistically significant difference between the groups. Nevertheless, the Java group significantly outperformed the aspectJ group with respect to the average completion time. In the second experiment, 24 student subjects were asked to implement (in a non-invasive way) two extension scenarios to the system that they had already known. Each subject evolved either the Java version using Java or the aspectJ version using aspectJ. We found out that a typical aspectJ programmer needs significantly fewer atomic changes to implement the change scenarios than a typical Java programmer, but we did not observe a significant difference in completion time. The overall result indicates that aspectJ has a different effect on two sub-characteristics of the evolvability: understandability and changeability. While aspectJ decreases the former, it improves one aspect of the latter.

关键词： aspect-oriented programming AOP Maintainability Understandability Separation of concerns Controlled experiment

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Using aspect orientation in legacy environments for reverse engineering using dynamic analysis-An industrial experience report

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE 2009年第4期82卷 668-684页

作者： Adams, Bram De Schutter, Kris Zaidman, Andy Demeyer, Serge Tromp, Herman De Meuter, Wolfgang Univ Ghent INTEC B-9000 Ghent Belgium Vrije Univ Brussel PROG B-1050 Brussels Belgium Delft Univ Technol SERG NL-2628 CD Delft Netherlands Univ Antwerp LORE B-2020 Antwerp Belgium

This paper reports on the challenges of using aspect-oriented programming (AOP) to aid in re-engineering a legacy C application. More specifically, we describe how AOP helps in the important reverse engineering step which typically precedes a re-engineering effort. We first present a comparison of the available AOP tools for legacy C code bases, and then argue on our choice of Aspicere, our own AOP implementation for C. Then, we report on Aspicere's application in reverse engineering a legacy industrial software system and we show how we apply a dynamic analysis to regain insight into the system. AOP is used for instrumenting the system and for gathering the data. This approach works and is conceptually very clean, but comes with a major quid pro quo: integration of AOP tools with the build system proves an important issue. This leads to the question of how to reconcile the notion of modular reasoning within traditional build systems with a programming paradigm which breaks this notion. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Dynamic analysis aspect-oriented programming Industrial case study Program comprehension C

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Towards the practical mutation testing of aspectJ programs

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SCIENCE OF COMPUTER programming 2013年第9期78卷 1639-1662页

作者： Ferrari, Fabiano Cutigi Rashid, Awais Maldonado, Jose Carlos Univ Fed Sao Carlos UFSCar Dept Comp Sao Carlos SP Brazil Univ Lancaster Dept Comp Lancaster England Univ Sao Paulo IUMC USP Dept Sistemas & Comp Sao Carlos SP Brazil

Mutation testing is a test selection criterion that relies on the assumption that test cases which can reveal artificial faults in the software are also good to reveal the real ones. It helps to expose faults which would go otherwise unnoticed. This criterion has been shown to be a promising means to deal with testing-related specificities of contemporary programming techniques such as aspect-oriented programming. However, to date the few initiatives for customising mutation testing for aspect-oriented (AO) programs show either limited coverage with respect to the range of simulated faults, or a need for both adequate tool support and proper evaluation in regard to properties like application cost and effectiveness. This article tackles these limitations by describing a comprehensive mutation-based testing approach for programs written in aspectJ, which represents the most investigated AO programming language to date. The approach encompasses the definition of a set of mutation operators for aspectJ-specific constructs and the implementation of a tool that automates the approach. The results of a preliminary evaluation study show that the mutation operators are able to simulate faults that may not be revealed by pre-existing, non-mutation-based test suites. The results also suggest that the approach seems not to overwhelm the testers and hence represents a step towards the practical fault-based testing of aspectJ-like programs. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mutation testing aspect-oriented programming aspectJ Testing aspectJ programs Test evaluation

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Generic Soft-Error Detection and Correction for Concurrent Data Structures

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DEPENDABLE AND SECURE COMPUTING 2017年第1期14卷 22-36页

作者： Borchert, Christoph Schirmeier, Horst Spinczyk, Olaf Tech Univ Dortmund Dept Comp Sci D-44227 Dortmund Germany

Recent studies indicate that transient memory errors (soft errors) have become a relevant source of system failures. This paper presents a generic software-based fault-tolerance mechanism that transparently recovers from memory errors in object-oriented program data structures. The main benefits are the flexibility to choose from an extensible toolbox of easily pluggable error detection and correction schemes, such as Hamming and CRC codes. This is achieved by a combination of aspect-oriented and generative programming techniques. Furthermore, we present a wait-free synchronization algorithm for error detection in data structures that are used concurrently by multiple threads of control. We give a formal correctness proof and show the excellent scalability of our approach in a multiprocessor environment. In a case study, we present our experiences with selectively hardening the eCos operating system and its benchmark suite. We explore the trade-off between resiliency and performance by choosing only the most vulnerable data structures for error recovery. Thereby, the total number of system failures, manifesting as silent data corruptions and crashes, is reduced by 69.14 percent at a negligible runtime overhead of 0.36 percent.

关键词： Fault tolerance concurrency aspect-oriented programming object-oriented programming operating systems

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Empirical evaluation of the fault detection effectiveness and test effort efficiency of the automated AOP testing approaches

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INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY 2011年第10期53卷 1062-1083页

作者： Parizi, Reza Meimandi Ghani, Abdul Azim Abdul Abdullah, Rush Atan, Rodziah Univ Putra Malaysia Dept Informat Syst Fac Comp Sci & Informat Technol Serdang 43400 KL Malaysia

Context: Testing process is a time-consuming, expensive, and labor-intensive activity in any software setting including aspect-oriented programming (ACIP). To reduce the testing costs, human effort, and to achieve the improvements in both quality and productivity of AOP, it is desirable to automate testing of aspect-oriented programs as much as possible. Objective: In recent past years, a lot of research effort has been devoted to testing aspect-oriented programs but less effort has been dedicated to the automated AOP testing. This denotes that the current research on automated AOP testing is not sufficient and is still in a stage of infancy. In order to advance the state of the research in this area and to provide testers of AOP-based projects with a comparison basis, a detailed evaluation of the current automated AOP testing approaches in a thorough and experimental manner is required. Thus, the objective of this paper is to provide such evaluation of the current approaches. Method: In this paper, we carry out an empirical study based on mutation analysis to examine four (namely Wrasp, aspectra, Raspect, and EAT) existing automated AOP testing approaches, particularly their underlying test input generation and selection strategies, with regard to fault detection effectiveness. In addition, the approaches are compared in terms of required effort in detecting faults as part of efficiency evaluation. Results: The experimental results and comparison provided insights into the effectiveness and efficiency of automated AOP testing with their respective strengths and weaknesses. Results showed that EAT is more effective than the other automated AOP testing approaches but not significant for all approaches. EAT was found to be significantly better than Wrasp at 95% confidence level (i.e. p < 0.05), but not significantly better than aspectra or Raspect. Concerning the test effort efficiency, Wrasp was significantly (p < 0.05) efficient with requiring the lowest amount of t

关键词： aspect-oriented programming Software testing Automated testing aspect testing Empirical study

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Blending design patterns with aspects: A quantitative study

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE 2014年 98卷 117-139页

作者： Cacho, Nelio St Anna, Claudio Figueiredo, Eduardo Dantas, Francisco Garcia, Alessandro Batista, Thais Univ Fed Rio Grande do Norte BR-59078970 Natal RN Brazil Univ Fed Bahia BR-41170290 Salvador BA Brazil Univ Fed Minas Gerais Software Engn Lab LabSoft Belo Horizonte MG Brazil State Univ Rio Grande do Norte Natal RN Brazil Pontifical Catholic Univ Rio de Janeiro Rio De Janeiro Brazil Pontifical Catholic Univ Rio de Janeiro PUCRio Dept Informat Software Engn Lab LES Opus Res Grp Rio De Janeiro Brazil Fed Univ Rio Grande do Norte UFRN Caico RN Brazil

Design patterns often need to be blended (or composed) when they are instantiated in a software system. The composition of design patterns consists of assigning multiple pattern elements into overlapping sets of classes in a software system. Whenever the modularity of each design pattern is not preserved in the source code, their implementation becomes tangled with each other and with the classes' core responsibilities. As a consequence, the change or removal of each design pattern will be costly or prohibitive as the software system evolves. In fact, composing design patterns is much harder than instantiating them in an isolated manner. Previous studies have found design pattern implementations are naturally crosscutting in object-oriented systems, thereby making it difficult to modularly compose them. Therefore, aspect-oriented programming (AOP) has been pointed out as a natural alternative for modularizing and blending design patterns. However, there is little empirical knowledge on how AOP models influence the composability of widely used design patterns. This paper investigates the influence of using AOP models for composing the Gang-of-Four design patterns. Our study categorizes different forms of pattern composition and studies the benefits and drawbacks of AOP in these contexts. We performed assessments of several pair-wise compositions taken from 3 medium-sized systems implemented in Java and two AOP models, namely, aspectJ and Compose*. We also considered complex situations where more than two patterns involved in each composition, and the patterns were interacting with other aspects implementing other crosscutting concerns of the system. In general, we observed two dominant factors impacting the pattern composability with AOP: (i) the category of the pattern composition, and (ii) the aspecti idioms used to implement the design patterns taking part in the composition. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Design patterns aspect-oriented programming Composability Empirical studies Metrics

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EPE-MobileA framework for early performance estimation of mobile applications

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SOFTWARE-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE 2018年第1期48卷 85-104页

作者： Fernandes, Thiago Soares Moreira, Alvaro Freitas Cota, Erika Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul Inst Informat Ave Bento Goncalves 9500Bl 4POB 15064 BR-91501970 Porto Alegre RS Brazil Inst Fed Baiano Campus Guanambi Dist Ceraima BR-46430000 Guanambi BA Brazil

Considering the constrained resources of mobile devices, a thorough performance evaluation of a mobile application is crucial. However, performance evaluation in the mobile domain is still a manual and time-consuming task. The diversity of mobile devices only increases the complexity of this task. We propose EPE-Mobile, a framework to automate early performance estimation in mobile applications. It is composed of a configurable library of basic operations and an engine that automatically creates a synthetic program based on the specification of a new app. The synthetic program that EPE-Mobile generates provides feedback for mobile developers at the first design stages and before the actual implementation of a new application. The fast evaluation can also guide developers in optimizing their applications or in choosing devices with the best trade-off between cost and performance to run a given application. Finally, developers can reuse the data collection infrastructure of the framework to collect performance data during all development stages. We validate the proposed framework using 4 applications from the Android Play Store. Based on their specifications, 4 synthetic programs were generated and executed on different devices. We compared the results to those obtained from the execution of the actual applications in the same devices. Experimental results show that it is possible to create synthetic applications with similar behavior to that of real applications and, thus, classify devices based on the actual application needs. The framework uses aspect-oriented programming to collect the metrics of interest. This approach provides increased modularity and separation of concerns, thus facilitating the improvement of the framework itself, by adding other metrics or basic operations.

关键词： Android aspect-oriented programming benchmarks embedded systems mobile systems nonfunctional requirements performance evaluation

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