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Composing domain-specific physical models with general-purpose software modules in embedded control software

SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS MODELING 2014年第1期13卷 55-81页

作者： de Roo, Arjan Sozer, Hasan Aksit, Mehmet Univ Twente Software Engn Grp CS Dept NL-7500 AE Enschede Netherlands Ozyegin Univ Dept Comp Sci Istanbul Turkey

A considerable portion of software systems today are adopted in the embedded control domain. Embedded control software deals with controlling a physical system, and as such models of physical characteristics become part of the embedded control software. In current practices, usually general-purpose languages (GPL), such as C/C++ are used for embedded systems development. Although a GPL is suitable for expressing general-purpose computation, it falls short in expressing the models of physical characteristics as desired. This reduces not only the readability of the code but also hampers reuse due to the lack of dedicated abstractions and composition operators. Moreover, domain-specific static and dynamic checks may not be applied effectively. There exist domain-specific modeling languages (DSML) and tools to specify models of physical characteristics. Although they are commonly used for simulation and documentation of physical systems, they are often not used to implement embedded control software. This is due to the fact that these DSMLs are not suitable to express the general-purpose computation and they cannot be easily composed with other software modules that are implemented in GPL. This paper presents a novel approach to combine a DSML to model physical characteristics and a GPL to implement general-purpose computation. The composition filters model is used to compose models specified in the DSML with modules specified in the GPL at the abstraction level of both languages. As such, this approach combines the benefits of using a DSML to model physical characteristics with the freedom of a GPL to implement general-purpose computation. The approach is illustrated using two industrial case studies from the printing systems domain.

关键词： Domain specific languages Embedded systems Software composition Composition filters aspect-oriented programming

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Software Engineering Paradigm Independent Design Problems, GoF 23 Design Patterns, and aspect Design

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INFORMATICA 2011年第2期22卷 289-317页

作者： Vaira, Zilvinas Caplinskas, Albertas Vilnius Univ Inst Math & Informat LT-08663 Vilnius Lithuania

The aim of the paper is to investigate applicability of object-oriented software design patterns in the context of aspect-oriented design. The paper analyses which of the GoF 23 patterns have a meaning in this context and how they are affected by it. The main assumption is that there exist design patterns that solve software engineering paradigm independent design problems and that such patterns, in the contrast to the patterns solving paradigm-specific design problems, can be expressed in terms of any software engineering paradigm. However, the paper deals only with two paradigms: aspect-oriented (AO) paradigm and object-oriented (OO) paradigm. It proposes a classification of design problems based on this assumption and a technique for redesigning object-oriented patterns into pure aspect-oriented ones. It presents a number of examples how to apply this technique and discusses the results obtained. The results show that 20 of the GoF 23 design patterns solve such design problems that are common at least for both mentioned paradigms and demonstrate in which way these patterns can be adapted for the needs of aspect-oriented design.

关键词： aspect-oriented programming object-oriented programming design patterns paradigm-independent and paradigm-specific design problems aspect-oriented patterns and idioms

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A MATLAB subset to C compiler targeting embedded systems

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SOFTWARE-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE 2017年第2期47卷 249-272页

作者： Bispo, Joao Cardoso, Joao M. P. Univ Porto Fac Engn Dept Engn Informat Oporto Portugal INESC TEC Oporto Portugal

This paper describes MATISSE, a compiler able to translate a MATLAB subset to C targeting embedded systems. MATISSE uses LARA, an aspect-oriented programming language, to specify additional information and transformations to the input MATLAB code, for example, insertion of code for initialization of variables, and specification of types and shapes of variables. The compiler is being developed bearing in mind flexibility, multitarget and multitoolchain support, allowing for the generation of several implementations in C from the same reference code in MATLAB. In this paper, we also present a number of techniques being employed in MATLAB to C compilation, such as element-wise mapping operations, matrix views, weak types, and intrinsics. We validate these techniques using MATISSE and a set of representative benchmarks. More specifically, we evaluate the compiler with a set of 31 benchmarks using an embedded system board and a desktop computer. The results show speedups up to 1.8x by employing information provided by LARA aspects, when compared with C code generated without additional user information. When compared with the execution time of the original code running on MATLAB, the execution time of the generated C code achieved a geometric mean speedup of 13x. Copyright (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： MATLAB C code generation source-to-source compilers aspect-oriented programming LARA embedded systems

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A loosely coupled aspect language for SOA applications

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING 2008年第2期18卷 242-262页

作者： Mendonca, Nabor C. Silva, Clayton F. Maia, Ian G. Rodrigues, Maria Andreia F. Valente, Marco Tulio O. Univ Fortaleza Mestrado Informat Aplicada BR-60811905 Fortaleza Ceara Brazil Pontificia Univ Catolica Minas Gerais Inst Informat BR-30535610 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil

The aspect-oriented programming (AOP) paradigm offers software developers with powerful modularization abstractions to help them explicitly separate design concerns at the source code level. However, the impact of AOP in the service-oriented architecture (SOA) paradigm has been dwarfed by the fact that existing AOP solutions are tightly coupled to a particular programming language, middleware system or execution platform. Clearly, this not only restricts the implementation choices available to application developers, but it also clashes with the heterogeneous and loosely coupled nature of SOA. This paper presents the Web Service aspect Language (WSAL) that seamlessly integrates AOP and SOA concepts, thus avoiding the drawbacks of existing solutions. In WSAL, aspects themselves are freely specified, implemented and executed as loosely coupled web services. This characteristic allows WSAL aspects to be easily woven into the message flow exchanged between service consumers and service providers, in a way that is completely independent from any particular implementation technology. This paper also reports on the implementation and preliminary evaluation of a prototype aspect weaver for WSAL, which is based on an existing web intermediary technology.

关键词： aspect-oriented programming service-oriented architectures separation of concerns

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A test driven approach for aspectualizing legacy software using mock systems

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INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY 2008年第7-8期50卷 621-640页

作者： Mortensen, Michael Ghosh, Sudipto Bieman, James M. Hewlett Packard Corp Ft Collins CO 80528 USA Colorado State Univ Dept Comp Sci Ft Collins CO 80523 USA

aspect-based refactoring, called aspectualization, involves moving program code that implements cross-cutting concerns into aspects. Such refactoring can improve the maintainability of legacy systems. Long compilation and weave times, and the lack of an appropriate testing methodology are two challenges to the aspectualization of large legacy systems. We propose an iterative test driven approach for creating and introducing aspects. The approach uses mock systems that enable aspect developers to quickly experiment with different pointcuts and advice, and reduce the compile and weave times. The approach also uses weave analysis, regression testing, and code coverage analysis to test the aspects. We developed several tools for unit and integration testing. We demonstrate the test driven approach in the context of large industrial C++ systems, and we provide guidelines for mock system creation. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： mock systems aspect-oriented programming legacy systems refactoring testing

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Enriching MATLAB with aspect-oriented features for developing embedded systems

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE 2013年第7期59卷 412-428页

作者： Cardoso, Joao M. P. Fernandes, Joao M. Monteiro, Miguel P. Carvalho, Tiago Nobre, Ricardo Univ Porto Fac Engn Dep Eng Informat P-4200465 Oporto Portugal Univ Minho Dep Informat P-4710435 Braga Portugal Univ Minho Ctr Algoritmi P-4710435 Braga Portugal Univ Nova Lisboa Fac Ciencias & Tecnol Dep Informat P-2829516 Quinta Da Torre Caparica Portugal

This article presents an approach to enrich the MATLAB(1) language with aspect-oriented modularity features, enabling developers to experiment different implementation characteristics and to acquire runtime data and traces without polluting their base MATLAB code. We propose a language through which programmers configure the low-level data representation of variables and expressions. Examples include specifically-tailored fixed-point data representations leading to more efficient support for the underlying hardware, e.g., digital signal processors and application-specific architectures, without built-in floating point units. This approach assists developers in adding handlers and monitoring features in a non-invasive way as well as configuring MATLAB functions with optimized implementations. Different aspect modules can be used to retarget common MATLAB code bases for different purposes and implementations. We validate the proposed approach with a set of representative examples where we attain a simple way to explore a number of properties. Experiment results and collected aspect-oriented software metrics lend support to the claims on its usefulness. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： aspect-oriented programming MATLAB Embedded systems

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aspect-oriented Refactoring of Legacy Applications: An Evaluation

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2012年第1期38卷 118-140页

作者： Mortensen, Michael Ghosh, Sudipto Bieman, James M. Google Boulder CO 80302 USA Colorado State Univ Dept Comp Sci Ft Collins CO 80523 USA

The primary claimed benefits of aspect-oriented programming (AOP) are that it improves the understandability and maintainability of software applications by modularizing crosscutting concerns. Before there is widespread adoption of AOP, developers need further evidence of the actual benefits as well as costs. Applying AOP techniques to refactor legacy applications is one way to evaluate costs and benefits. We replace crosscutting concerns with aspects in three industrial applications to examine the effects on qualities that affect the maintainability of the applications. We study several revisions of each application, identifying crosscutting concerns in the initial revision and also crosscutting concerns that are added in later revisions. aspect-oriented refactoring reduced code size and improved both change locality and concern diffusion. Costs include the effort required for application refactoring and aspect creation, as well as a decrease in performance.

关键词： aspect-oriented programming crosscutting concerns legacy systems refactoring maintainability

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Essential AOP: The A Calculus

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ACM TRANSACTIONS ON programming LANGUAGES AND SYSTEMS 2012年第3期34卷 1–43页

作者： De Fraine, Bruno Ernst, Erik Suedholt, Mario Vrije Univ Brussel Fac Sci B-1050 Brussels Belgium Aarhus Univ Dept Comp Sci DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark Ecole Mines Nantes Dept Informat F-44307 Nantes 3 France

aspect-oriented programming (AOP) has produced interesting language designs, but also ad hoc semantics that needs clarification. We contribute to this clarification with a calculus that models essential AOP, both simpler and more general than existing formalizations. In AOP, advice may intercept method invocations, and proceed executes the suspended call. Proceed is an ad hoc mechanism, only usable inside advice bodies. Many pointcut mechanisms, for example, wildcards, also lack regularity. We model proceed using first-class closures, and shift complexity from pointcuts to ordinary object-oriented code. Two well-known pointcut categories, call and execution, are commonly considered similar. We formally expose their differences, and resolve the associated soundness problem. Our calculus includes type ranges, an intuitive and concise alternative to explicit type variables that allows advice to be polymorphic over intercepted methods. We use calculus parameters to cover type safety for a wide design space of other features. Type soundness is verified in Coq.

关键词： Design Languages Theory aspect-oriented programming semantics typing

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Traversals of object structures: Specification and efficient implementation

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ACM TRANSACTIONS ON programming LANGUAGES AND SYSTEMS 2004年第2期26卷 370-412页

作者： Lieberherr, K Patt-Shamir, B Orleans, D Northeastern Univ Coll Comp Sci Boston MA 02115 USA Tel Aviv Univ Dept Elect Engn IL-69978 Tel Aviv Israel

Separation of concerns and loose coupling of concerns are important issues in software engineering. In this paper we show how to separate traversal-related concerns from other concerns, how to loosely couple traversal-related concerns to the structural concern, and how to efficiently implement traversal-related concerns. The stress is on the detailed description of our algorithms and the traversal specifications they operate on. Traversal of object structures is a ubiquitous routine in most types of information processing. Ad hoc implementations of traversals lead to scattered and tangled code and in this paper we present a new approach, called traversal strategies, to succinctly modularize traversals. In our approach traversals are defined using a high-level directed graph description, which is compiled into a dynamic road map to assist run-time traversals. The complexity of the compilation algorithm is polynomial in the size of the traversal strategy graph and the class graph of the given application. Prototypes of the system have been developed and are being successfully used to implement traversals for Java and aspectJ [Kiczales et al. 2001] and for generating adapters for software components. Our previous approach, called traversal specifications [Lieberherr 1992;Palsberg et al. 1995], was less general and less succinct, and its compilation algorithm was of exponential complexity in some cases. In an additional result we show that this bad behavior is inherent to the static traversal code generated by previous implementations, where traversals are carried out by invoking methods without parameters.

关键词： algorithms design languages performance aspect-oriented programming adaptive programming structure-shy software Low of Demeter strategy graphs class graphs object graphs

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Measuring the performance of aspect oriented software: A case study of Leader/Followers and Half-Sync/Half-Async architectures

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INFORMATION SYSTEMS FRONTIERS 2014年第5期16卷 853-866页

作者： Lung, Chung-Horng Ajila, Samuel A. Liu, Wen-Lin Carleton Univ Dept Syst & Comp Engn Ottawa ON K1S 5B6 Canada

The aim of this work is to measure the impact of aspect-oriented programming on software performance. Thus, we hypothesized as follow: adding aspects to a base program will affect its performance because of the overhead caused by the control flow switching, and that incremental effect on performance is more obvious as the number of join points increases. To test our hypotheses we carried out a case study of two concurrent architectures: Half-Sync/Half-Async and Leader/Followers. aspects are extracted and encapsulated and the base program performance was compared to the aspect program. Our results show that the aspect-oriented approach does not have significant effect on the performance and that in some cases an aspect-oriented program even outperforms the non-aspect program. We also investigated the effect of cache fault rate on performance for both aspect and non-aspect programs. Based on our experiments, the results demonstrate that there is a close correlation between the cache fault rate and performance, which may be in favor of aspect code if some aspects are frequently accessed. Additionally, the introduction of a large number of join points does not have significant effect on performance.

关键词： aspect-oriented programming Architectural patterns Concurrency Software performance

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