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Modeling and enforcing invariants of dynamic software architectures

SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS MODELING 2012年第1期11卷 127-149页

作者： Kallel, Slim Kacem, Mohamed Hadj Jmaiel, Mohamed Tech Univ Darmstadt Software Technol Grp D-64289 Darmstadt Germany Univ Sfax ReDCAD Lab Sfax 3038 Tunisia

In this paper, we propose an "end-to-end" approach that supports dynamic reconfiguration of software architectures taking advantage of graphical modeling, formal methods and aspect-oriented programming. There are three ingredients of the proposal. The specification end of the solution is covered by a new UML profile enabling to specify the desired architectural style (model), its invariants and the intended reconfiguration operations. In order to verify the consistency of the model and the preservation of the invariants after every reconfiguration, we automatically generate formal specifications in Z notation from the defined model. At the runtime enforcing end of the solution, we propose to encode the enforcement logic as aspect in the aspectJ language. The third important ingredient that makes our approach end-to-end is the automatic translation of formal specifications into aspect-based enforcement code.

关键词： Software architecture UML profile Formal specification and verification aspect-oriented programming Runtime enforcement

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Using aspects for testing of embedded software: experiences from two industrial case studies

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SOFTWARE QUALITY JOURNAL 2014年第2期22卷 185-213页

作者： Metsae, Jani Maoz, Shahar Katara, Mika Mikkonen, Tommi Elektrobit Inc Wireless Syst Bothell WA USA Tel Aviv Univ Sch Comp Sci IL-69978 Tel Aviv Israel Tampere Univ Technol Dept Pervas Comp FIN-33101 Tampere Finland

aspect-oriented software testing is emerging as an important alternative to conventional procedural and object-oriented testing techniques. This paper reports experiences from two case studies where aspects were used for the testing of embedded software in the context of an industrial application. In the first study, we used code-level aspects for testing non-functional properties. The methodology we used for deriving test aspect code was based on translating high-level requirements into test objectives, which were then implemented using test aspects in aspectC++. In the second study, we used high-level visual scenario-based models for the test specification, test generation, and aspect-based test execution. To specify scenario-based tests, we used a UML2-compliant variant of live sequence charts. To automatically generate test code from the models, a modified version of the S2A Compiler, outputting aspectC++ code, was used. Finally, to examine the results of the tests, we used the Tracer, a prototype tool for model-based trace visualization and exploration. The results of the two case studies show that aspects offer benefits over conventional techniques in the context of testing embedded software;these benefits are discussed in detail. Finally, towards the end of the paper, we also discuss the lessons learned, including the technological and other barriers to the future successful use of aspects in the testing of embedded software in industry.

关键词： Software testing aspect-oriented programming Embedded software Case studies

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Applying dynamic separation of aspects to distributed systems security: a case study

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IET SOFTWARE 2012年第3期6卷 231-248页

作者： Garcia, M. Llewellyn-Jones, D. Ortin, F. Merabti, M. Univ Oviedo Asturias Spain Liverpool John Moores Univ Liverpool L3 5UX Merseyside England

Distributed systems are commonly required to be flexible and scalable, as the number and arrangement of their (potentially mobile) devices may easily change. Security in distributed systems is a complex issue which can produce several problems such as eavesdropping, phishing or denial of service. To overcome these problems, there are various security measures that can be applied. This study proposes the use of dynamic aspect-oriented software development (AOSD) to implement security mechanisms in distributed systems. By applying dynamic separation of concerns using AOSD, it becomes possible to adapt the security measures of distributed systems, even when their sizes and arrangements change, without compromising global security. These changes can be applied when a distributed system is running, without requiring its execution to be stopped or interrupted. Using the dynamic and static aspect weaving AOSD platform, the authors have implemented solutions for two common security problems in distributed systems: (i) access control and data flow and (ii) encryption of transmissions. Moreover, the proposed approach has been tested in a real client-server FTP scenario. Qualitative and quantitative evaluations of both implementations are presented to estimate the pros and cons of using dynamic AOSD in the development of security measures of distributed systems.

关键词： COMPUTER security EAVESDROPPING aspect-oriented programming DATA encryption (Computer science) FILE Transfer Protocol (Computer network protocol) CASE studies

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Tailoring video recording to support efficient GUI testing and debugging

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SOFTWARE QUALITY JOURNAL 2014年第2期22卷 273-292页

作者： Pham, Raphael Holzmann, Helge Schneider, Kurt Brueggemann, Christian Leibniz Univ Hannover Software Engn Grp D-30167 Hannover Germany Capgemini Deutschland GmbH Applicat Lifecycle Serv Ctr Hannover Germany

Automated GUI tests typically comprise of several test steps that are executed on the GUI before reaching a point of assertion. Comparing a longer and complex execution of a GUI test to its test instructions for debugging is a laborious task: re-establish the test environment, slow down test execution for human perception, and locate the currently executed test step. Video documentation of GUI tests for debugging purposes is already present in several industry tools. However, it is not optimized for effective documentation of on-screen actions nor synched with the executed test instructions. We present a video-based documentation of automated GUI tests that links the executed test case instruction to the on-screen response of the application under test. Screen recording is optimized for speed and memory consumption while all relevant details are captured. Additional browsing capabilities for easier debugging are introduced. Concepts of aspect-oriented programming are adapted for tracing of pre-compiled test case scripts. Our concepts are evaluated by a working implementation, a series of performance measurements during a technical experiment, and industrial experience from 370 real-world test cases carried out in a large software company. The limits of our implementation regarding video capturing and code tracing are explored with a specialized test frame.

关键词： Automated test Graphical user interface Video Code tracing aspect-oriented programming

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An approach and tool for measurement of state variable based data-flow test coverage for aspect-oriented programs

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INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY 2015年 59卷 233-254页

作者： Wedyan, Fadi Ghosh, Sudipto Vijayasarathy, Leo R. Hashemite Univ Dept Software Engn Zarka Jordan Colorado State Univ Dept Comp Sci Ft Collins CO 80523 USA Colorado State Univ Dept Comp Informat Syst Ft Collins CO 80523 USA

Context: Data-flow testing approaches have been used for procedural and object-oriented programs, and shown to be effective in detecting faults. However, few such approaches have been evaluated for aspect-oriented programs. In such programs, data-flow interactions can occur between base classes and aspects, which can affect the behavior of both. Faults resulting from such interactions are hard to detect unless the interactions are specifically targeted during testing. Objective: This paper presents an approach and tool implementation for measuring data-flow coverage based on state variables defined in base classes or aspects in aspectJ programs. The paper also reports on an empirical study that compares the cost and effectiveness of data-flow test criteria that are based on state variables with two control-flow criteria. Method: Effectiveness of the criteria was evaluated for various fault types. Cost-effectiveness of test suites that cover all state variable definition-use associations (DUAs) was evaluated for three coverage levels: 100%, 90%, and 80%. Results: The effort needed to obtain a test case that achieves data-flow coverage is higher than the effort needed to obtain a test case that covers a block or a branch in an advised class. Covering certain data flow associations requires more effort than for other types of data flow associations. The data-flow test criteria based on state variables of a base-class are in general more effective than control-flow criteria. Conclusions: Overall, it is cost-effective to obtain test suites at the 90% coverage level of data-flow criteria. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： aspect-oriented programming Control and data flow test criteria Empirical study Higher order mutation Mutation testing Testing tools

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Control and data flow structural testing criteria for aspect-oriented programs

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE 2007年第6期80卷 862-882页

作者： Lazzarini Lemos, Otavio Augusto Rizzo Vincenzi, Auri Marcelo Maldonado, Jose Carlos Masiero, Paulo Cesar Univ Sao Paulo Inst Ciencias Matemat Comp Sao Carlos SP Brazil Univ Fed Goias Inst Informat BR-74001970 Goiania Go Brazil

Although it is claimed that, among other features, aspect-oriented programming (AOP) increases understandability and eases the maintenance burden, this technology cannot provide correctness by itself, and thus it also requires the use of systematic verification, validation and testing (VV&T) approaches. With the purpose of producing high quality software, many approaches to apply structural testing criteria for the unit testing of procedural and object-oriented (00) programs have been proposed. Nevertheless, until now, few works have addressed the application of such criteria to test aspect-oriented programs. In this paper we define a family of control flow and data flow based testing criteria for aspect-oriented programs inspired by the implementation strategy adopted by aspectJ - an aspect-oriented extension of the Java language - and extending a previous work proposed for Java programs. We propose the derivation of a control and data flow model for aspect-oriented programs based upon the static analysis of the object code (the Java bytecode) resulted from the compilation/weaving process. Using this model, called aspect-oriented def-use graph (AODU) traditional and also aspect-oriented testing criteria are defined (called Control and Data Flow Structural Testing Criteria for aspect-oriented Programs - CDSTC-AOP). The main idea is that composition of aspect-oriented programs leads to new crosscutting interfaces in several modules of the system, which must be considered for coverage during structural testing. The implementation of a prototype tool - the JaBUTi/AJ tool - to support the proposed criteria and model is presented along with an example. Also, theoretical and practical questions regarding the CDSTC-AOP criteria are discussed. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： software testing aspect-oriented programming structural testing testing criteria testing aspect-oriented programs

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Handling crosscutting constraints in domain-specific modeling - Uniting AOP with model-integrated computing.

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COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM 2001年第10期44卷 87-93页

作者： Gray, J Bapty, T Neema, S Tuck, J Vanderbilt Univ ISIS Nashville TN 37240 USA

An aspect-oriented approach can be beneficial at different stages of the software life cycle and at various levels of abstraction. Whenever the description of a software artifact exhibits crosscutting structure, the principles of modularity espoused by AOP offer a powerful technology for supporting separation of concerns. We have found this to be true especially in the area of domain-specific modeling.

关键词： aspect-oriented programming Artifacts Modularity level of abstraction handicrafts SOFTWARE LIFECYCLE

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Collocation optimizations in an aspect-oriented middleware system

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE 2007年第10期80卷 1659-1666页

作者： Valente, Marco Tulio Palhares, Rodrigo Pontificia Univ Catolica Minas Gerais Dept Comp Sci BR-30535610 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil

In distributed object-oriented systems, there are situations where client and server objects are deployed in the same address space. In such scenarios, it is possible to dispatch remote calls without having to transverse the infrastructure provided by the underlying communication middleware system and thus without incurring the overhead of using a networking loopback interface. Such optimizations are called collocation optimizations. In this paper we describe an implementation of collocation that is centered on aspect-oriented programming abstractions. This implementation provides high degrees of modularization, configurability and adaptability than current object-oriented support to collocation. The paper also presents results about the performance gains derived from the optimization proposed. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： middleware collocation optimization aspect-oriented programming

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Mining static and dynamic crosscutting concerns: a role-based approach

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JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE-EVOLUTION AND PROCESS 2016年第5期28卷 306-339页

作者： Bernardi, Mario Luca Cimitile, Marta Di Lucca, Giuseppe Univ Sannio Dept Engn Benevento Italy Unitelma Sapienza Univ Rome Italy

The implementation of crosscutting concerns in object-oriented (OO) systems entails scattering and tangling of code across several components increasing code duplication and making the system harder to comprehend, maintain, evolve and reuse. Therefore, identification of crosscutting concerns drives the re-engineering or refactoring tasks in order to improve modularization of an existing system and increasing its overall internal quality. This paper proposes an approach to identify and analyse the components implementing the static and dynamic crosscutting in OO systems. The approach defines a meta-model representing the structure of an OO system in terms of its components. A static analysis of an OO software system is performed to create an instance of this meta-model. Such meta-model is finally analysed to find static and dynamic crosscutting among concerns. The effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach have been validated in an empirical assessment where it was applied to some OO java systems. The obtained results show a good level of effectiveness for the crosscutting analysis. Copyright (C) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： software evolution reverse engineering aspect mining aspect-oriented programming MOF

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Composition of aspects based on a relation model: Synergy of multiple paradigms

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING 2006年第3期16卷 379-402页

作者： Han, Ikjoo Bae, Doo-Hwan Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Div Comp Sci Taejon 305701 South Korea

Software composition for timely and affordable software development and evolution is one of the oldest pursuits of software engineering. In current software composition techniques, Component- Based Software Development (CBSD) and aspect-oriented Software Development (AOSD) have attracted academic and industrial attention. Blackbox composition used in CBSD provides simple and safe modularization for its strong information hiding, which is, however, the main obstacle for a black box composite to evolve later. This implies that an application developed through black box composition cannot take advantage of aspect-oriented programming (AOP) used in AOSD. On the contrary, AOP enhances maintainability and comprehensibility by modularizing concerns crosscutting multiple components but lacks the support for the hierarchical and external composition of aspects themselves and compromises the important software engineering principles such as encapsulation, which is almost perfectly supported in black box composition. The role and role model have been recognized to have many similarities with CBSD and AOP but have significant differences with those composition techniques as well. Although each composition paradigm has its own advantages and disadvantages, there is no substantial support to realize the synergy of these composition paradigms;the black box composition, AOP, and role model. In this paper, a new composition technique based on representational abstraction of the relationship between component instances is introduced. The model supports the simple, elegant, and dynamic composition of components with its declarative form and provides the hooks through which an aspect can evolve and a parallel developed aspect can be merged at the instance level.

关键词： software composition aspect-oriented programming black box composition component-based software development role relation model logic

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