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On the use of clone detection for identifying crosscutting concern code

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2005年第10期31卷 804-818页

作者： Bruntink, M van Deursen, A van Engelen, R Tourwé, T CWI Dept Software Engn NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam Netherlands Delft Univ Technol Fac Elect Engn Math & Comp Sci NL-2628 CD Delft Netherlands ASML Netherlands BV Software Syst Dev NL-5504 DR Veldhoven Netherlands Vrije Univ Brussels Programming Technol Lab B-1050 Brussels Belgium

In systems developed without aspect-oriented programming, code implementing a crosscutting concern may be spread over many different parts of a system. Identifying such code automatically could be of great help during maintenance of the system. First of all, it allows a developer to more easily find the places in the code that must be changed when the concern changes and, thus, makes such changes less time consuming and less prone to errors. Second, it allows the code to be refactored to an aspect-oriented solution, thereby improving its modularity. In this paper, we evaluate the suitability of clone detection as a technique for the identification of crosscutting concerns. To that end, we manually identify five specific crosscutting concerns in an industrial C system and analyze to what extent clone detection is capable of finding them. We consider our results as a stepping stone toward an automated "aspect miner" based on clone detection.

关键词： clone detection reverse engineering aspect-oriented programming crosscutting concerns aspect mining

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FeatureIDE: An extensible framework for feature-oriented software development

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SCIENCE OF COMPUTER programming 2014年 79卷 70-85页

作者： Thuema, Thomas Kaestner, Christian Benduhn, Fabian Meinicke, Jens Saake, Gunter Leich, Thomas Univ Magdeburg D-39106 Magdeburg Germany Univ Marburg D-35032 Marburg Germany METOP GmbH Magdeburg Germany

FeatureIDE is an open-source framework for feature-oriented software development (FOSD) based on Eclipse. FOSD is a paradigm for the construction, customization, and synthesis of software systems. Code artifacts are mapped to features, and a customized software system can be generated given a selection of features. The set of software systems that can be generated is called a software product line (SPL). FeatureIDE supports several FOSD implementation techniques such as feature-oriented programming, aspect-oriented programming, delta-oriented programming, and preprocessors. All phases of FOSD are supported in FeatureIDE, namely domain analysis, requirements analysis, domain implementation, and software generation. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Feature-oriented software development Software product lines Feature modeling Feature-oriented programming aspect-oriented programming Delta-oriented programming Preprocessors Tool support

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EFFECTS OF DRYING ON POLYPHENOL OXIDASE AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF MORUS ALBA LEAVES

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JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION 2015年第6期39卷 2811-2819页

作者： Tan, Janet Jia Yin Lim, Yau Yan Siow, Lee Fong Tan, Joash Ban Lee Monash Univ Malaysia Sch Sci Petaling Jaya 47500 Selangor Malaysia

The effects of oven-drying at 50 and 100C, sun-drying and ambient air-drying at 24 +/- 1C on the antioxidant properties (AOPs) of mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves were studied. Except for leaves oven-dried at 50C which showed minimal AOP changes, leaves dried under other conditions resulted in a significant decrease in AOP. Fresh mulberry leaves contained low oxidative enzyme activities (polyphenol oxidase [PPO]: 1.40 +/- 0.58 Delta A(435)/min/g of fresh leaves and peroxidase: 1.59 +/- 0.42 Delta A(418)/min/g of fresh leaves) which were reduced to nonmeasureable or lower values when they were dried at 50, 100C and blanched in boiling water. The major factor causing AOP decrease in thermally treated leaves (oven-drying at 100C and sun-drying) was due to thermal degradation but the decrease in AOP for ambient air-dried leaves was associated with the presence of PPO. Overall, oven-drying at 50C was the most preferred drying method.

关键词： aspect-oriented programming thermal degradation Oven drying foliage solar drying Polyphenylene oxides AIR DRYING Bleaching Ovens

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Collaborative Runtime Verification with Tracematches

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JOURNAL OF LOGIC AND COMPUTATION 2010年第3期20卷 707-723页

作者： Bodden, Eric Hendren, Laurie Lam, Patrick Lhotak, Ondrej Naeem, Nomair A. McGill Univ Sable Res Grp Montreal PQ Canada Univ Waterloo Dept Elect & Comp Engn Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada Univ Waterloo Programming Languages Grp Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada

Perfect pre-deployment test coverage is notoriously difficult to achieve for large applications. Given enough end users, however, many more test cases will be encountered during an application's deployment than during testing. The use of runtime verification after deployment would enable developers to detect unexpected situations. Unfortunately, the prohibitive performance cost of runtime monitors prevents their use in deployed code. In this work, we study the feasibility of collaborative runtime verification, a verification approach which can distribute the burden of runtime verification among multiple users and over multiple runs. Each user executes a partially instrumented program and therefore suffers only a fraction of the instrumentation overhead. We focus on runtime verification using tracematches. Tracematches are a specification formalism that allows users to specify runtime verification properties via regular expressions with free variables over the dynamic execution trace. We propose two techniques for soundly partitioning the instrumentation required for tracematches: spatial partitioning, where different copies of a program monitor different program points for violations, and temporal partitioning, where monitoring is switched on and off over time. We evaluate the relative impact of partitioning on a user's runtime overhead by applying each partitioning technique to a collection of benchmarks that would otherwise incur significant instrumentation overhead. Our results show that spatial partitioning almost completely eliminates runtime overhead (for any particular benchmark copy) on many of our test cases, and that temporal partitioning scales well and provides runtime verification on a 'pay as you go' basis.

关键词： Runtime monitoring verification randomization whole-program analysis aspect-oriented programming

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Visual Computer-Managed Security: A Framework for Developing Access Control in Enterprise Applications

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IEEE SOFTWARE 2013年第5期30卷 62-69页

作者： Giordano, Massimiliano Polese, Giuseppe Univ Salerno Dept Math & Comp Sci Salerno Italy Univ Salerno Dept Management & Informat Technol Salerno Italy

The Visual Computer Managed Security (Vicoms) framework assists programmers in coding access control for Java applications. Vicoms provides a transparent way of managing security aspects in enterprise-level applications, including legacy ones. It has been embedded within the Eclipse open source integrated development environment and used experimentally in several case studies, one of which is described in the article.

关键词： AOP Vicoms Visual Computer Managed Security access control aspect-oriented programming software development frameworks software security

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Efficient aspect Weaver for the .NET Platform

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IEEE LATIN AMERICA TRANSACTIONS 2015年第5期13卷 1534-1541页

作者： Felix, J. M. Ortin, F. Principado Asturias Oviedo Spain Univ Oviedo Dept Comp Sci Oviedo Spain

aspect-oriented programming provides better modularization of applications by encapsulating crosscutting concerns into aspects, solving the code scattering and tangling problems. However, the additional code added to achieve static and dynamic aspect weaving commonly involves runtime performance and memory consumption penalties. Consequently, we propose different techniques to optimize both static and dynamic aspect weaving, implementing those techniques in the .NET platform, which does not support the runtime replacement of class implementations. To evaluate the efficiency of our approach, we measure the execution time and memory consumption of four different aspect-oriented applications. Our platform provides the best performance for both static and dynamic weaving, and its weaving cost is the lowest one. Moreover, the proposed optimizations consume less memory resources than the existing systems providing the closest performance.

关键词： aspect-oriented programming aspect weaving runtime performance performance optimizations memory consumption separation of concerns .NET

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Efficient runtime aspect weaving for Java applications

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INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY 2018年 100卷 73-86页

作者： Rodriguez-Prieto, Oscar Ortin, Francisco O'Shea, Donna Univ Oviedo Comp Sci Dept Calvo Sotelo S-N Oviedo 33007 Spain Cork Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci Rossa Ave Cork Ireland

Context: The aspect-oriented paradigm is aimed at solving the code scattering and tangling problem, providing new mechanisms to support better separation of concerns. For specific scenarios where high runtime adaptability is an important requirement, dynamic aspect-oriented programming (AOP) represents a useful tool. With dynamic AOP, components and aspects can be woven and unwoven at runtime, enabling applications greater responsiveness when dealing with different or changing requirements. However, this responsiveness typically incurs a cost in terms of runtime performance and memory consumption. Objective: Build an efficient dynamic aspect weaver for Java that provides the best runtime performance compared to the existing approaches, minimum memory overhead consumption, and similar functionalities to the widespread runtime weavers. Method: We design and implement weaveJ, a dynamic aspect weaver for Java. This dynamic weaver leverages the invokedynamic opcode introduced in Java 7, which allows dynamic relinkage of method and field access. We compare the functionalities of weaveJ with the existing dynamic weavers for Java, and evaluate their runtime performance and memory consumption. Results: weaveJ shows the best runtime performance for all benchmarks and real applications executed. Method interception with invokedynamic is at least 142% faster than the techniques used by the existing runtime weavers. The average cost of dynamic weaving using invokedynamic is only 2.2% for short running programs, and 1.5% for long running applications. Moreover, the use of aspects in weaveJ does not imply additional memory consumption. Conclusion: The dynamic aspect weaver implemented demonstrates that invokedynamic is a suitable mechanism to provide efficient runtime aspect weaving for Java applications. Moreover, it supports concurrent and programmatic aspect (un)weaving at any point of execution, a wide set of join points, class and object weaving, and allow aspects to have the

关键词： Runtime adaptation aspect weaving invokedynamic aspect-oriented programming Java Runtime performance

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Providing QoS strategies and cloud-integration to web servers by means of aspects

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CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE 2015年第6期27卷 1498-1512页

作者： Giunta, Rosario Messina, Fabrizio Pappalardo, Giuseppe Tramontana, Emiliano Univ Catania Dipartimento Matemat & Informat I-95125 Catania Italy

The main responsibilities of a web server are to listen from the communication channel and to prepare replies to requests. Additional responsibilities include adapting processing activities, for example, through scheduling or request filtering, so as to satisfy Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. Typical QoS-related concerns address behavioural constraints (e.g. response time bounds, satisfiable by scheduling the most urgent requests first) and resource monitoring, for optimal use. Although such concerns are spread across several web server components, they should be handled separately from communication-related ones, for the sake of *** this purpose, we advocate recourse to aspect-oriented programming and illustrate it by showing how a QoS-related layer can be smoothly superimposed on top of a well-known, unmodified, web server Jigsaw. As part of the provided support, requests are assessed and partitioned into those that can be appropriately handled by using local resources and those needing further resources. For the latter requests, cloud-based resources are gathered. aspect-orientation enables new QoS-related code to be separated from web server modules so as to keep existing code unaltered, while runtime behaviour is modified with the measures needed to handle QoS concerns. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： software architectures quality of service aspect-oriented programming resource management performance cloud

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aspectizing Java Access Control

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2012年第1期38卷 101-117页

作者： Toledo, Rodolfo Nunez, Angel Tanter, Eric Noye, Jacques Univ Chile Pleiad Lab Dept Comp Sci Santiago 8370459 Chile Ecole Mines Nantes INRIA ASCOLA Project Team LINA 4 F-44307 Nantes 3 France

It is inevitable that some concerns crosscut a sizeable application, resulting in code scattering and tangling. This issue is particularly severe for security-related concerns: It is difficult to be confident about the security of an application when the implementation of its security-related concerns is scattered all over the code and tangled with other concerns, making global reasoning about security precarious. In this study, we consider the case of access control in Java, which turns out to be a crosscutting concern with a nonmodular implementation based on runtime stack inspection. We describe the process of modularizing access control in Java by means of aspect-oriented programming (AOP). We first show a solution based on aspectJ, the most popular aspect-oriented extension to Java, that must rely on a separate automata infrastructure. We then put forward a novel solution via dynamic deployment of aspects and scoping strategies. Both solutions, apart from providing a modular specification of access control, make it possible to easily express other useful policies such as the Chinese wall policy. However, relying on expressive scope control results in a compact implementation, which, at the same time, permits the straightforward expression of even more interesting policies. These new modular implementations allowed by AOP alleviate maintenance and evolution issues produced by the crosscutting nature of access control.

关键词： programming languages security aspect-oriented programming access control

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Dynamic adaptation of application aspects

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE 2004年第3期71卷 229-243页

作者： Ortin, F Cueva, JM Univ Oviedo Dept Comp Sci E-33007 Oviedo Spain

In today's fast changing environments, adaptability has become an important feature in modern computing systems, programming languages and software engineering methods. Different approaches and techniques are used to achieve the development of adaptable systems. Following the principle of separation of concerns, aspect-oriented programming (AOP) distinguishes application functional code from specific concerns that cut across the system, creating the final application by weaving the program's main code and its specific aspects. In many cases, dynamic application adaptation is needed, but few existing AOP tools offer it in a limited way. Moreover, these tools use a fixed programming language: aspects cannot be implemented regardless of its programming language. We identify reflection as a mechanism capable of overcoming the deficiencies previously mentioned. We have developed a non-restrictive reflective technique that achieves a real computational-environment jump, making every application and language feature adaptable at runtime-without any previously defined restriction. Moreover, our reflective platform is independent of the language selected by the programmer. Using the reflective capabilities of the platform presented, an AOP framework that achieves dynamic aspect weaving in a language-independent way has been constructed, overcoming the common limitations of existing AOP tools. (C) 2002 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： aspect-oriented programming reflection separation of concerns dynamic weaving meta-object protocol

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