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asymmetric coding of Multi-View Video Plus Depth Based 3-D Video for View Rendering

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MULTIMEDIA 2012年第1期14卷 157-167页

作者： Shao, Feng Jiang, Gangyi Yu, Mei Chen, Ken Ho, Yo-Sung Ningbo Univ Fac Informat Sci & Engn Ningbo 315211 Zhejiang Peoples R China Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol GIST Sch Informat & Commun Kwangju 500712 South Korea

The recent years have witnessed three-dimensional (3-D) video technology to become increasingly popular, as it can provide high-quality and immersive experience to end users, where view rendering with depth-image-based rendering (DIBR) technique is employed to generate the virtual views. Distortions in depth map may induce geometry changes in the virtual views, and distortions in texture video may be propagated to the virtual views. Thus, effective compression of both texture videos and depth maps is important for 3-D video system. From the perspective of bit allocation, asymmetric coding of the texture videos and depth maps is an effective way to get the optimal solution of 3-D video compression and view rendering problems. In this paper, a novel asymmetric coding method of multi-view video plus depth (MVD) based 3-D video is proposed on purpose of providing high-quality view rendering. In the proposed method, two models are proposed to characterize view rendering distortion and binocular suppression in 3-D video. Then, an asymmetric coding method of MVD-based 3-D video is proposed by combining two models in encoding framework. Finally, a chrominance reconstruction algorithm is presented to achieve accurate reconstruction. Experimental results show that compared with other methods, the proposed method can obtain higher performance of view rendering under the total bitrate constraint. Moreover, the perceptual visual quality of 3-D video is almost unaffected with the proposed method.

关键词： 3-D video asymmetric coding bit allocation chrominance reconstruction view rendering

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asymmetric coding SCHEME FOR 3D FRAME-COMPATIBLE FORMATS

ASYMMETRIC CODING SCHEME FOR 3D FRAME-COMPATIBLE FORMATS

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4th International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX)

作者： Li, Jin De Cock, Jan Lambert, Peter Van de Walle, Rik Univ Ghent IBBT Dept Elect & Informat Syst Multimedia Lab Gaston Crommenlaan 8 Bus 201 B-9050 Ledeberg Ghent Belgium

ISBN: (纸本)9781467307253

This paper proposes an asymmetric coding scheme for 3D frame-compatible formats. The aim is to improve the coding efficiency while maintaining the same visual performance. In the encoding process, prediction is performed between the reconstructed left samples and the original right samples. At the receiver, the samples of the left view and the residuals of the right view are decoded. However, the right views could be reconstructed in the up-sampling process by combining the reconstructed left samples and the residuals of the right view. Thus, no modification is required to the decoder. It is shown that the proposed method significantly reduces the bitrate compared to the symmetric coding scheme. Although the PSNR of the right view is about 1.5dB lower than the left view on average, the visual quality is considered tolerable due to the properties of the human visual system.

关键词： asymmetric coding H.264/AVC 3D frame-compatible format

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asymmetric coding of stereoscopic video for transmission over T-DMB

Asymmetric coding of stereoscopic video for transmission ove...

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1st International Conference on 3DTV

作者： Fehn, Christoph Kauff, Peter Cho, Sukhee Kwon, Hyoungiin Hur, Namho Kim, Jinwoong Fraunhofer Inst Telecommun Ensteinufer 37 D-10587 Berlin Germany Elect & Telecommun Res Inst Daejeon South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9781424407217

In this paper, we present an efficient approach for the compression of stereoscopic video sequences. By extending an H.264/AVC-based Multi-View Video coding (MVC) codec as described in [1] to mixed-resolution imagery, i.e., to stereoscopic videos where the right-eye view had been spatially down-sampled in order to reduce the total amount of data to be encoded, we are able to combine the benefits of both disparity-compensated prediction (DCP) and asymmetric coding. By doing so, we expect to achieve very high compression gains without reducing the overall visual quality of the resulting three-dimensional (3D) percept.

关键词： 3DTV stereoscopic video asymmetric coding Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (DMB)

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A scaling scenario of asymmetric coding to reduce both data retention and program disturbance of NAND flash memories

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SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS 2014年 92卷 63-69页

作者： Doi, Masafumi Tanakamaru, Shuhei Takeuchi, Ken Chuo Univ Grad Sch Sci & Engn Dept Elect Elect & Commun Engn Bunkyo Ku Tokyo 1128551 Japan Univ Tokyo Grad Sch Engn Dept Elect Engn & Informat Syst Bunkyo Ku Tokyo 1138656 Japan

An optimized asymmetric coding strategy is proposed to improve the reliability of the NAND flash memories. The previously reported asymmetric coding reduces the data-retention error by decreasing the population of the V-TH state which has higher error rate, and is measured on 4xnm NAND flash memory [1]. In [2], by increasing the number of the lowest V-TH state, the proposed asymmetric coding strategy reduces the V-PGM disturbance, and alleviates the floating-gate (FG)-FG coupling. And also, the program-disturb bit error rates (BERs) in 2xnm, 3xnm, and 4xnm NAND flash memories are reduced by 71%, 73%, and 89%, respectively. In this paper, the effect of asymmetric coding on the data-retention error is investigated in 2xnm NAND flash memory. From the measured results, the proposed asymmetric coding effectively increases the population of the lowest V-TH state which has no data-retention error. The data-retention BERs in 2xnm, 3xnm and 4xnm NAND are decreased by 17%, 52% and 70%, respectively. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： NAND flash memory asymmetric coding Reliability Program disturb error Data-retention error

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Perceptually Driven Nonuniform asymmetric coding of Stereoscopic 3D Video

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY 2017年第10期27卷 2231-2245页

作者： Fezza, Sid Ahmed Larabi, Mohamed-Chaker Univ Oran 2 Pole Univ Belgaid Bir El Djir Oran 31000 Algeria Univ Poitiers XLIM Dept F-86962 Chasseneuil France

asymmetric stereoscopic video coding has already proven its effectiveness in reducing the bandwidth required for stereoscopic 3D delivery without degrading the visual quality. This approach, in which the left and right views are encoded with different levels of quality, relies on the perceptual theory of binocular suppression. However, to ensure comfortable 3D viewing, the just-noticeable level of asymmetry, i.e., the maximum quality gap between views, has to be carefully defined. Both subjectively and empirically fixed thresholds of asymmetry demonstrated either the maladjustment to content or dependency to the experimental design. This paper describes a new nonuniform asymmetric stereoscopic video coding method adaptively adjusting the level of asymmetry for each region of the image based on its perceptual significance. The proposed method uses a fully automated model that dynamically determines the best bounds of asymmetry for which the 3D viewing experience will not be altered. This is achieved by exploiting several human-visualsy-stem-inspired models, namely, the binocular just-noticeable difference, and the visual saliency map and depth information. The simulation results show that the proposed method results in bit rate saving of up to 26% and provides better 3D visual quality compared with state-of-the-art asymmetric coding methods.

关键词： asymmetric coding binocular just-noticeable difference (BJND) binocular suppression blur depth human visual system (HVS) stereoscopic video visual saliency

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Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images With asymmetric coding and Bit-Plane Block Compression

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MULTIMEDIA 2024年 26卷 10174-10188页

作者： Zhang, Xianquan He, Feiyi Yu, Chunqiang Zhang, Xinpeng Yang, Ching-Nung Tang, Zhenjun Guangxi Normal Univ Key Lab Educ Blockchain & Intelligent Technol Minist Educ Guilin 541004 Peoples R China Guangxi Normal Univ Guangxi Key Lab Multisource Informat Min & Secur Guilin 541004 Peoples R China Fudan Univ Sch Comp Sci Shanghai 200433 Peoples R China Natl Dong Hwa Univ Dept Comp Sci & Informat Engn Hualien 974 Taiwan

Reversible data hiding in encrypted images (RDHEI) is an effective technology of protecting private data. In this paper, a high-capacity RDHEI method with asymmetric coding and bit-plane block compression is proposed. Our major contributions are twofold. (1) We propose an asymmetric coding technique for processing prediction error (PE) blocks before encryption. The proposed asymmetric coding technique does not generate the sign bit-plane and facilitates massive zeros converging on the high bit-planes. This is beneficial to reserve the embedding room. (2) We present a bit-plane block compression technique for improving the embedding capacity. This technique divides the PE codes in a block into two parts which are both compressed and thus contribute a large embedding room. Experimental results demonstrate that the average embedding rates of the proposed method are 4.174, 4.08 and 3.467 bpp on the BOSSBase, BOWS-2 and UCID datasets, respectively. Comparisons show that our average embedding rates on the three datasets are all bigger than those of some state-of-the-art methods.

关键词： Image coding Cryptography Encryption Streaming media Data mining Cloud computing Receivers asymmetric coding bit-plane block compression block coding prediction error reversible data hiding

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Stereoscopic Video coding with asymmetric Luminance and Chrominance Qualities

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS 2010年第4期56卷 2460-2468页

作者： Shao, Feng Jiang, Gangyi Wang, Xu Yu, Mei Chen, Ken Ningbo Univ Fac Informat Sci & Engn Ningbo 315211 Zhejiang Peoples R China

Three-dimensional (3D) video technology is becoming increasingly popular, as it can provide stereoscopic perception and immersive experience to end users. Most three-dimensional video compression schemes had been developed for stereoscopic video using traditional two-dimensional video compression techniques. However, stereoscopic perception had not been considered in these methods to further improve the coding efficiency. In this paper, a novel stereoscopic video coding method is proposed with asymmetric luminance and chrominance qualities based on the suppression theory of binocular vision. We base our method on two hypotheses: a quantitative just noticeable distortion (JND) threshold exists between left and right views, and chrominance degradation in right view will not affect the stereoscopic effect. Then, two subjective perception experiments are conducted to verify the above hypotheses. Finally, an asymmetric stereoscopic video coding method is engineered deriving from the hypotheses. Experimental results show that the proposed method saves bitrate significantly by from 15% to 35%, and can achieve superior reconstruction quality at trivial degradation cost(1).

关键词： stereoscopic video asymmetric coding binocular suppression chrominance reconstruction just noticeable difference

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A novel texture-based asymmetric visibility threshold model for stereoscopic video coding

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EURASIP JOURNAL ON IMAGE AND VIDEO PROCESSING 2018年第1期2018卷 1页

作者： Du, Baozhen Yu, Mei Jiang, Gangyi Zhang, Yun Zhu, Tianzhi Ningbo Univ Fac Informat Sci & Engn Ningbo Zhejiang Peoples R China Ningbo Polytech Elect & Informat Coll Ningbo Zhejiang Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Shenzhen Inst Adv Technol Shenzhen Peoples R China City Univ Hong Kong Dept Comp Sci Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China

asymmetric stereoscopic video coding is becoming increasingly popular, as it can reduce the bandwidth required for stereoscopic 3D delivery without degrading the visual quality. Based on the perceptual theory of binocular suppression, the left and right views of stereoscopic video are coded with different levels of quality. However, existing asymmetric perceptual coding approaches on stereoscopic video mainly focus on the threshold of whole image distortion. It is not so reasonable to use a single unified rather than adaptable perception threshold for a random natural stereoscopic image as the texture complexity typically varies in different blocks of image. In this paper, we generated an asymmetrically distorted stereoscopic image set with different texture densities and conducted a large number of subjective perceptual experiments. A strong correlation between the asymmetrical visibility threshold and texture complexity is revealed from the subjective experiments, and a texture-based asymmetrical visibility threshold model (TAVT) is established. Then, the model is extended to the hierarchical B picture (HBP) coding architecture and an asymmetric stereoscopic video coding method is proposed based on the TAVT model. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively reduce the unnecessary perceptual redundancy without visual quality degradation. Especially, it is more efficient for high bitrate configuration.

关键词： asymmetric coding Texture complexity asymmetric visual threshold Subjective perceptual experiment

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LOW-COMPLEXITY asymmetric MULTIVIEW VIDEO coding

LOW-COMPLEXITY ASYMMETRIC MULTIVIEW VIDEO CODING

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IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME 2008)

作者： Chen, Ying Liu, Shujie Wang, Ye-Kui Hannuksela, Miska M. Li, Houqiang Gabbouj, Moncef Tampere Univ Technol Dept Signal Proc FIN-33101 Tampere Finland Univ Sci & Technol China Hefei Peoples R China Nokia Res Ctr Helsinki Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9781424425709

Multiview video coding (MVC) is currently under development by the Joint Video Team (JVT) as an extension to Advanced Video coding (H264/AVC). Based on the suppression theory in binocular vision, the fidelity of one of the two views of a stereoscopic display can be reduced without noticeable degradation of subjective quality. Thus, in MVC, a subset of views can be coded with lower spatial resolution at negligible cost to subjective quality. Due to different resolutions, a downsampling process is required in an MVC decoder in order to enable motion compensation (MC) between views. In this paper, a low-complexity MC algorithm is proposed for MVC to enable inter-view prediction between pictures with different resolutions. It requires lower memory consumption and lower computational complexity compared with the conventional downsampled inter-view prediction, while providing comparable efficiency, as shown by the simulation results.

关键词： Multiview video coding asymmetric coding motion compensation decoded picture buffer

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Quality Assessment of asymmetric Stereo Video coding

Quality Assessment of Asymmetric Stereo Video Coding

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IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： Saygili, Gorkem Gurler, C. Goktug Tekalp, A. Murat Koc Univ Coll Engn TR-34450 Istanbul Turkey

ISBN: (纸本)9781424479948

It is well known that the human visual system can perceive high frequencies in 3D, even if that information is present in only one of the views. Therefore, the best 3D stereo quality may be achieved by asymmetric coding where the reference (right) and auxiliary (left) views are coded at unequal PSNR. However, the questions of what should be the level of this asymmetry and whether asymmetry should be achieved by spatial resolution reduction or SNR (quality) reduction are open issues. Extensive subjective tests indicate that when the reference view is encoded at sufficiently high quality, the auxiliary view can be encoded above a low-quality threshold without a noticeable degradation on the perceived stereo video quality. This low-quality threshold may depend on the 3D display;e.g., it is about 31 dB for a parallax barrier display and 33 dB for a polarized projection display. Subjective tests show that, above this PSNR threshold value, users prefer SNR reduction over spatial resolution reduction on both parallax barrier and polarized projection displays. It is also observed that, if the auxiliary view is encoded below this threshold value, symmetric coding starts to perform better than asymmetric coding in terms of perceived 3D video quality.

关键词： Stereo video asymmetric coding interview rate allocation 3D video quality evaluation

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