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System-level attacks against android by exploiting asynchronous programming

SOFTWARE QUALITY JOURNAL 2018年第3期26卷 1037-1062页

作者： Chen, Ting Li, Xiaoqi Luo, Xiapu Zhang, Xiaosong Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Cybersecur Res Ctr Chengdu Sichuan Peoples R China Hong Kong Polytech Univ Dept Comp Kowloon Hong Kong Peoples R China

To avoid unresponsiveness, Android developers utilize asynchronous programming to schedule long-running tasks in the background. In this work, we conduct a systematic study on IntentService, one of the async constructs provided by Android using static program analysis, and find that in Android 6, 974 intents can be sent by third-party applications without protection. Based on this observation, we develop a tool, ATUIN, to demonstrate the feasibility of attacking a CPU automatically by exploiting the intents that can be handled by an Android system. Furthermore, by investigating the unprotected intents, we discover tens of critical vulnerabilities that have not been reported before, including Wi-Fi DoS, telephone signal blocking, SIM card removal, homescreen hiding, and NFC state cheating. Our study sheds light on research into protecting asynchronous programming from being exploited by hackers.

关键词： asynchronous programming Android IntentService System-level attacks Wi-Fi DoS Telephone signal block SIM card removal Homescreen hiding NFC state cheating

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Reactors: A data-oriented synchronous/asynchronous programming model for distributed applications

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THEORETICAL COMPUTER SCIENCE 2009年第2-3期410卷 168-201页

作者： Field, John Marinescu, Maria-Cristina Stefansen, Christian IBM Res Corp TJ Watson Res Ctr Hawthorne NY 10532 USA Univ Copenhagen DIKU Copenhagen O Denmark

Our aim is to define the kernel of a simple and uniform programming model-the reactor model-which can serve as a foundation for building and evolving internet-scale programs. Such programs are characterized by collections of loosely-coupled distributed components that are assembled on the fly to produce a composite application. A reactor consists of two principal components: mutable state, in the form of a fixed collection of relations, and code, in the form of a fixed collection of rules in the style of Datalog. A reactor's code is executed in response to an external stimulus, which takes the form of an attempted update to the reactor's state. As in classical process calculi, the reactor model accommodates collections of distributed, concurrently executing processes. However, unlike classical process calculi, our observable behaviors are sequences of states, rather than sequences of messages. Similarly, the interface to a reactor is simply its state, rather than a collection of message channels, ports, or methods. One novel feature of our model is the ability to compose behaviors both synchronously and asynchronously. Also, our use of Datalog-style rules allows aspect-like composition of separately-specified functional concerns in a natural way. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Reactors Datalog Actors Synchronous programming asynchronous programming Synchronization Distributed programming

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An Offset-Cancellation Technique Using Charge-Trap Transistors and asynchronous programming Scheme

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II-EXPRESS BRIEFS 2024年第11期71卷 4638-4642页

作者： Lin, Ye Jiang, Anying Lv, Jingjing Du, Yuan Du, Li Nanjing Univ Sch Elect Sci & Engn Nanjing 210023 Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Interdisciplinary Res Ctr Future Intelligent Chips Suzhou 215163 Peoples R China

In this brief, a novel offset-cancellation (OC) technique is proposed, utilizing differential pair Charge-Trap Transistors (CTTs) to cancel offset voltage (VOS). The threshold voltage (Vth) degradation of programmed CTTs is characterized and modeled in TSMC 22-nm technology. By utilizing the Vth degradation model of CTTs, an asynchronous programming scheme is proposed to selectively program one of the CTTs based on the differential Vth ( $\Delta $ Vth) in each programming (PRG) operation of the differential pair CTTs. The experiment shows that the $\Delta $ Vth effectively reduces to less than 1mV, and displays negligible retention loss at 27 degrees C and 85 degrees C based on the differential pair CTTs and asynchronous programming scheme.

关键词： Charge-trap transistors (CTTs) offset-cancellation (OC) differential threshold voltage (Delta Vth) differential threshold voltage (Delta Vth) differential threshold voltage (Delta Vth) differential threshold voltage (Delta Vth) differential threshold voltage (Delta Vth) asynchronous programming asynchronous programming asynchronous programming offset-cancellation (OC) asynchronous programming

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Using Continuations and Aspects to Tame asynchronous programming on the Web 2016

Using Continuations and Aspects to Tame Asynchronous Program...

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15th International Conference on Modularity (MODULARITY)

作者： Leger, Paul Fukuda, Hiroaki Univ Catolica Norte Escuela Ciencias Empresari Antofagasta Region De Antof Chile Shibaura Inst Technol Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781450340335

In asynchronous programming of JavaScript, callbacks are widely used to develop rich interactiveWeb applications. However, the dependency among callbacks can make it difficult to understand and maintain pieces of code, which will mix concerns eventually. Unfortunately, current solutions for JavaScript do not fully address the aforementioned issue. This paper presents Sync/cc, a JavaScript library that uses continuations and aspects to allow developers to write asynchronous pieces of code in a synchronous style, preventing callback dependencies. Unlike current solutions, Sync/cc is modular, customizable, and succinct because it does not require special and scattered keywords, code refactoring, or adding ad-hoc implementations like state machines. In practice, Sync/cc uses a) continuations to only suspend the current handler execution until the asynchronous operation is resolved, and b) aspects to apply continuations in a non-intrusive way.

关键词： asynchronous programming Sync/cc AspectScript Continuations JavaScript Web applications

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An Empirical Evaluation of and Toolkit for asynchronous programming in C# Windows Phone Apps:

An Empirical Evaluation of and Toolkit for Asynchronous Prog...

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作者： Hartveld, D.L Delft University of Technology

学位级别：master

Microsoft has introduced the async/await keywords in C# 5.0 to support developers that need to apply asynchronous programming techniques. However, do developers really use the new keywords, and do they use them correctly? An empirical survey of 1378 open source repositories from GitHub and CodePlex shows that developers often make mistakes. By providing live feedback in the IDE, and by providing a refactoring tool to automatically refactor legacy APM-based code to modern async/await-based code, developers can be supported in using the new language feature correctly. An evaluation of the developed tools shows that they are useful: GitHub pull requests based on patches generated with the developed tools were readily accepted by several open source projects

关键词： software engineering asynchronous programming empirical survey refactoring async/await

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SyncAS: A Virtual Block Approach to Tame asynchronous programming

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING 2015年第5期25卷 887-907页

作者： Fukuda, Hiroaki Leger, Paul Shibaura Inst Technol Informat Sci & Engn Tokyo 1358548 Japan Univ Catolica Norte Escuela Ciencias Empresariales Antofagasta Chile

asynchronous programming has been widely adopted in domains such as Web development. This programming style usually uses callback methods, non-blocking operations, allowing high responsive user interactions even if an application works without multi-threading. However, this style requires the uncoupling of a module into two sub-modules at least, which are not intuitively connected by a callback method. The separation of modules spurs the birth of other issues: callback spaghetti and callback hell. This paper proposes a virtual block approach to address the previous two issues. This approach enables a programmer to virtually block a program execution and restart it at arbitrary points in the program. As a result, programmers do not need to uncouple a module even if non-blocking operations are adopted;therefore, callback dependencies disappear. Using aspect-oriented programming, this approach uses aspects to control the execution of a program in an oblivious manner. As a consequence, programmers do not need to be concerned whether pieces of code use blocking or non-blocking operations. We implement a proof-of-concept for this approach, called SyncAS, for Action-Script3. In addition, we apply our proposal to a toy application and conduct experiments to show its modular application, flexibility, and performance.

关键词： SyncAS virtual block asynchronous programming aspect-oriented programming

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Groute: asynchronous Multi-GPU programming Model with Applications to Large-scale Graph Processing

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ACM TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL COMPUTING 2020年第3期7卷 1–27页

作者： Ben-Nun, Tal Sutton, Michael Pai, Sreepathi Pingali, Keshav Swiss Fed Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci CH-8006 Zurich Switzerland Hebrew Univ Jerusalem Sch Comp Sci & Engn IL-9190401 Jerusalem Israel Univ Rochester Dept Comp Sci Rochester NY 14627 USA Univ Texas Austin Inst Computat & Engn Sci Austin TX 78712 USA

Nodes with multiple GPUs are becoming the platform of choice for high-performance computing. However, most applications are written using bulk-synchronous programming models, which may not be optimal for irregular algorithms that benefit from low-latency, asynchronous communication. This article proposes constructs for asynchronous multi-GPU programming and describes their implementation in a thin runtime environment called Groute. Groute also implements common collective operations and distributed work-lists, enabling the development of irregular applications without substantial programming effort. We demonstrate that this approach achieves state-of-the-art performance and exhibits strong scaling for a suite of irregular applications on eight-GPU and heterogeneous systems, yielding over 7x speedup for some algorithms.

关键词： Multi-GPU asynchronous programming irregular algorithms

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Groute: An asynchronous Multi-GPU programming Model for Irregular Computations 17

Groute: An Asynchronous Multi-GPU Programming Model for Irre...

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22nd ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles and Practice of Parallel programming (PPoPP)

作者： Ben-Nun, Tal Sutton, Michael Pai, Sreepathi Pingali, Keshav Hebrew Univ Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel Univ Texas Austin Austin TX 78712 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450344937

Nodes with multiple GPUs are becoming the platform of choice for high-performance computing. However, most applications are written using bulk-synchronous programming models, which may not be optimal for irregular algorithms that benefit from low-latency, asynchronous communication. This paper proposes constructs for asynchronous multi-GPU programming, and describes their implementation in a thin runtime environment called Groute. Groute also implements common collective operations and distributed work-lists, enabling the development of irregular applications without substantial programming effort. We demonstrate that this approach achieves state-of-the-art performance and exhibits strong scaling for a suite of irregular applications on 8-GPU and heterogeneous systems, yielding over 7x speedup for some algorithms.

关键词： Multi-GPU asynchronous programming Irregular Algorithms

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GPU Coroutines for Flexible Splitting and Scheduling of Rendering Tasks

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ACM TRANSACTIONS ON GRAPHICS 2024年第6期43卷 1-24页

作者： Zheng, Shaokun Chen, Xin Shi, Zhong Yan, Ling-qi Xu, Kun Tsinghua Univ Dept CS&T BNRist Beijing Peoples R China Univ Calif Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA USA

We introduce coroutines into GPU kernel programming, providing an automated solution for flexible splitting and scheduling of rendering tasks. This approach addresses a prevalent challenge in harnessing the power of modern GPUs for complex, imbalanced graphics workloads like path tracing. Usually, to accommodate the SIMT execution model and latency-hiding architecture, developers have to decompose a monolithic mega-kernel into smaller sub-tasks for improved thread coherence and reduced register pressure. However, involving the handling of intricate nested control flows and numerous interdependent program states, this process can be exceedingly tedious and error-prone when performed manually. Coroutines, a building block for asynchronous programming in many high-level CPU languages, exhibit untapped potential for restructuring GPU kernels due to their versatility in control representation. By extending LUISA [Zheng et al. 2022], we implement an asymmetric, stackless coroutine model with programming language support and multiple built-in schedulers for modern GPUs. To showcase the effectiveness of our model and implementation, we examine them in different application scenarios, including path tracing, SDF rendering, and incorporation with custom passes.

关键词： GPU Coroutine Rendering Program Transformation asynchronous programming Task Scheduling

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Supporting asynchronization in OpenMP for event-driven programming

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PARALLEL COMPUTING 2019年 82卷 57-74页

作者： Fan, Xing Sinnen, Oliver Giacaman, Nasser Univ Auckland Dept Elect & Comp Engn Auckland New Zealand

The event-driven programming pattern is pervasive in a wide range of modern software applications. Unfortunately, it is not easy to achieve good performance and responsiveness when developing event-driven applications. Traditional approaches require a great amount of programmer effort to restructure and refactor code, to achieve the performance speedup from parallelism and asynchronization. Not only does this restructuring require a lot of development time, it also makes the code harder to debug and understand. We propose an asynchronous programming model based on the philosophy of OpenMP, which does not require code restructuring of the original sequential code. This asynchronous programming model is complementary to the existing OpenMP fork-join model. The coexistence of the two models has potential to decrease developing time for parallel event-driven programs, since it avoids major code refactoring. In addition to its programming simplicity, evaluations show that this approach achieves good performance improvements consistent with more traditional event-driven parallelization. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： OpenMP Parallel programming model Event-driven programming asynchronous programming

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