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Generative Pre-trained Transformers for coding Text Data? An Analysis with Classroom Orchestration Data 1

18th European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning (EC-TEL)

作者： Amarasinghe, Ishari Marques, Francielle Ortiz-Beltran, Ariel Hernandez-Leo, Davinia Univ Pompeu Fabra ICT Dept Barcelona Spain Radboud Univ Nijmegen Natl Educ Lab AI Nijmegen Netherlands

ISBN: (数字)9783031426827

ISBN: (纸本)9783031426810;9783031426827

Video content analysis is of importance for researchers in technology-enhanced learning. A common starting point typically involves transcribing video into textual transcripts that enable the application of a coding scheme to group the text into key themes. However, manual coding is demanding and requires time and effort of human annotators. Therefore, this study explores the possibility of using Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3 (GPT-3) models for automating the text data coding compared to baseline classicalmachine learning approaches using a dataset manually coded for the orchestration actions of six teachers in classroom collaborative learning sessions. The findings of our study showed that a fine-tuned GPT-3 (curie) model outperformed classical approaches (F1 score of 0.87) and reached a 0.77 Cohen's kappa, which indicated a moderate agreement between manual and machine coding. The study also brings out the limitations of our text transcripts and highlights the importance of multimodal observations that capture the context of orchestration actions.

关键词： Collaborative learning automatic coding Machine Learning Generative AI Classroom orchestration

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Automation of reversible steganographic coding with nonlinear discrete optimisation

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CONNECTION SCIENCE 2022年第1期34卷 1719-1735页

作者： Chang, Ching-Chun Univ Warwick Dept Comp Sci Coventry W Midlands England

Authentication mechanisms are at the forefront of defending the world from various types of cybercrime. Steganography can serve as an authentication solution through the use of a digital signature embedded in a carrier object to ensure the integrity of the object and simultaneously lighten the burden of metadata management. Nevertheless, despite being generally imperceptible to human sensory systems, any degree of steganographic distortion might be inadmissible in fidelity-sensitive situations such as forensic science, legal proceedings, medical diagnosis and military reconnaissance. This has led to the development of reversible steganography. A fundamental element of reversible steganography is predictive analytics, for which powerful neural network models have been effectively deployed. Another core element is reversible steganographic coding. Contemporary coding is based primarily on heuristics, which offers a shortcut towards sufficient, but not necessarily optimal, capacity-distortion performance. While attempts have been made to realise automatic coding with neural networks, perfect reversibility is unattainable via such learning machinery. Instead of relying on heuristics and machine learning, we aim to derive optimal coding by means of mathematical optimisation. In this study, we formulate reversible steganographic coding as a nonlinear discrete optimisation problem with a logarithmic capacity constraint and a quadratic distortion objective. Linearisation techniques are developed to enable iterative mixed-integer linear programming. Experimental results validate the near-optimality of the proposed optimisation algorithm when benchmarked against a brute-force method.

关键词： automatic coding mathematical optimisation reversible steganography

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Understanding the online relationship between politicians and citizens. A study on the user engagement of politicians' Facebook posts in election and routine periods

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JOURNAL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & POLITICS 2023年第1期20卷 44-59页

作者： Peeters, Jeroen Opgenhaffen, Michael Kreutz, Tim Van Aelst, Peter Univ Antwerp Lange Nieuwstr 55 B-2000 Antwerp Belgium Res Grp Media Movements & Polit Antwerp Belgium Katholieke Univ Leuven Inst Media Studies Digital News & Journalism Leuven Belgium Univ Antwerp Computat Linguist Res Grp CLiPS Antwerp Belgium Univ Antwerp Polit Commun Antwerp Belgium

Social media have offered politicians a way to reach a broader audience and citizens a dynamic way to respond and interact with politicians' communication. In this study we focus on how two important dimensions of the social media messages of politicians impact different types of user engagement: the distinction between political and private posts and the degree of emotionality of the post. Additionally, we compare the amount and types of interaction between routine periods and election periods. Supported by automatic data gathering and coding we analyze all Facebook posts of 124 Belgian politicians for a period of more than two years (N = 34,408). Our results indicate that different types of Facebook posts lead to different types of user engagement. Private posts generate more reactions, while political posts are more often shared and commented on. Additionally, Facebook posts with positive, and, negative emotional language garner more interaction than those with less emotionality. Finally, during election campaigns both politicians and citizens are more active. There is a proliferation of the amount of Facebook messages that politicians post, and these messages also score higher on engagement.

关键词： Social media Facebook metrics user engagement political communication automatic coding emotions election campaign machine learning

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Evaluation of automatic Collaborative Learning Process coding Using Deep Learning Methods Based on Multi-Dimensional coding Scheme

Evaluation of Automatic Collaborative Learning Process Codin...

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IEEE International Conference on Teaching, Assessment, and Learning for Engineering (IEEE TALE) - Engineering Next-Generation Learning

作者： Shibata, Chihiro Ando, Kimihiko Inaba, Taketoshi Tokyo Univ Technol Grad Sch Bion Comp & Media Sci Tokyo Japan Tokyo Univ Technol Cloud Serv Ctr Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781538665220

In computer-supported collaborative learning research, it is important to determine the guidelines for appropriate scaffolding by extracting indicators for distinguishing groups with poor progress in a collaborative process by analyzing the mechanism of interactive activation. coding and statistical analysis are often adopted for analyzing such collaborative processes. In this study, using a multi-dimensional coding scheme with four dimensions designed to analyze the collaborative learning process more comprehensively and multilaterally, automatic coding is performed using deep learning methods and its accuracy is verified. In addition, this method is used to predict another dataset and determine its validity. The experiments of this study show that except for some typical misclassifications, the overall results were positive. However, in order to solve this misclassification problem, we also have to reconsider the redesign of the coding scheme and reexamine the classification technique by deep learning.

关键词： computer-supported collaborative learning coding scheme deep learning methods automatic coding

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The Role of Language in the automatic coding of Political Texts

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SWISS POLITICAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2013年第4期19卷 539-545页

作者： Ruedin, Didier Univ Neuchatel Swiss Forum Migrat & Populat Studies SFM CH-2000 Neuchatel Switzerland

automatic approaches to coding party manifestos and other political texts have become more widespread. This research note addresses the question to what extent the source language of a text affects the results. To do so, Swiss manifestos in German and French are coded automatically, comparing a keyword-based dictionary approach and Wordscores. Because of language differences, both stemming and particularly stop words are important to obtain comparable results for Wordscores. If both are used, the predicted scores are almost identical in both languages. With the right preparations, the challenge of language differences can thus be overcome.

关键词： automatic coding Language Party Manifestos Political Text

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automatically analyzing text responses for exploring gender-specific cognitions in PISA reading

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LARGE-SCALE ASSESSMENTS IN EDUCATION 2018年第1期6卷 1页

作者： Zehner, Fabian Goldhammer, Frank Saelzer, Christine Tech Univ Munich Munich Germany German Inst Int Educ Res DIPF Frankfurt Germany Ctr Int Student Assessment ZIB eV Munich Germany Univ Stuttgart Inst Educ Sci & Psychol IfE Stuttgart Germany

Background: The gender gap in reading literacy is repeatedly found in large-scale assessments. This study compared girls'and boys'text responses in a reading test applying natural language processing. For this, a theoretical framework was compiled that allows mapping of response features to the preceding cognitive components such as micro- and macropropositions from the situation model. Methods: In total, n = 33,604 responses from the German sample of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2012 reading test have been analyzed for characterizing the genders'typical cognitive approaches. The analyses mainly explored the gender gap by contrasting groups of responses typical for either gender. These gender-specific responses characterize the typical responding of the genders to PISA reading questions. Results: Responses typical for girls contained three to five more proposition entities from the situation model, irrespective of the response correctness. They integrated more relevant propositions and constituted better fits to the question focus. That means, in answering questions which ask for explicit information from the stimulus text, the typical girl responses appropriately encompassed more micropropositions, and typical boy responses tended to include more macropropositions-vice versa for questions requesting implicit information. Conclusion: It appears that typical boy responses to PISA reading questions are characterized by struggling with retrieving and integrating propositions from the situation model. The typical girl liberally juggles these to formulate the responses. The results demonstrate that text responses are a neglected but informative source for educational large-scale assessments made accessible through natural language processing.

关键词： Gender differences Reading literacy automatic coding Text responses

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Computeranterstützte Diagnosenclokumentation

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Methods of Information in Medicine 2018年第4期16卷 205-210页

作者： D. Hölzel

Die Diagnosenverschlüsselung wird häufig nur als Problem der medizinischen Dokumentation betrachtet. Unter Gesichtspunkten der Informatik können Lösungsansätze entwickelt werden, die auch im Hinblick auf Standardisierung und Auswertung Vorteile aufweisen. Ein solches System zur computerunterstützten Diagnosendokumentation wird beschrieben. Es wird ein modifizierter ICD/E Diagnosenschlüssel eingesetzt. Aspekte einer maschinellen Unterstützung für die Präsentation und Pflege des Diagnosenschlüssels, die automatische Codierung und die Auswertung werden dargestellt. Notwendig ist eine Integration der verschiedenen Probleme. Sie führt zu mehrfach verwertbaren Schlüsselkomponenten, mit denen sich die genannten Aufgaben abdecken lassen. Vorauszusetzen ist, daß disziplinspezifisch ein Standard von Diagnosenformulierungen vordefiniert und kontrolliert erweitert wird. Für die Realisiermag der Anforderungen ist dann ein eindimensionaler Schlüssel von Vorteil.

关键词： Auswertung automatische Verschlüsselung Diagnosenschlüssel Evaluation automatic coding Diagnosis Code

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Large-Scale Computerized Text Analysis in Political Science: Opportunities and Challenges

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ANNUAL REVIEW OF POLITICAL SCIENCE, VOL 20 2017年第1期20卷 529-544页

作者： Wilkerson, John Casas, Andreu Univ Washington Dept Polit Sci Seattle WA 98195 USA

Text has always been an important data source in political science. What has changed in recent years is the feasibility of investigating large amounts of text quantitatively. The internet provides political scientists with more data than their mentors could have imagined, and the research community is providing accessible text analysis software packages, along with training and support. As a result, text-as-data research is becoming mainstream in political science. Scholars are tapping new data sources, they are employing more diverse methods, and they are becoming critical consumers of findings based on those methods. In this article, we first describe the four stages of a typical text-as-data project. We then review recent political science applications and explore one important methodological challenge-topic model instability-in greater detail.

关键词： text as data automatic coding machine learning computational social sciences

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Development and Implement of a Model-Based Design Controller for PEPS System

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SAE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PASSENGER CARS-ELECTRONIC AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS 2016年第1期9卷 37-42页

作者： Zhang, Xiaodong Wu, Jian He, Rui Liu, Haizhen Jilin Univ State Key Lab ASCL Changchun Jilin Peoples R China

PEPS (Passive Entry and Passive Start) system is gradually becoming a main stream option in automotive keyless entry application, which improves the convenience and vehicle anti-theft performance. Based on the complex functions and safety technical requirements of the PEPS controller, and due to the development method of the model-based system design widely used in the automotive electronics industry, this paper presents a model-based on the development of PEPS controller method, which introduces the process of modeling and automatic code generation for the PEPS controller. Through Simulink/Stateflow of PEPS controller using logic system modeling, the PEPS controller complex system functions are divided into different function layers with each functional layer modeling respectively, and implement logic function design by the graphical language. Based on the model, it describes the process of model debugging and validation, the coverage analysis of the model, MIL (Model In the Loop) testing and SIL (Software In the Loop) testing. Based on the automatic code generation tool called TargetLink software supplied by dSPACE Company and called Simulink/Embedded Coder supplied by MathWorks Company, automatic generated production code of the PEPS controller is achieved. This paper also describes the comparison of the process of generating C-code by Embedded Coder and TargetLink. In the case of ensuring the quality of the code generation, the model-based design method also contributes a lot to improve work efficiency, shorten the development cycle, reduce development costs, and enhance the quality and security of product.

关键词： automatic coding complex functions Code generation development time design approach Controllers functional layer ENCODER visual languages

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Mit :: Summer Session 1954 :: Digital Computers Advanced coding Techniques Summer 1954

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2016年

Mit :: Summer Session 1954 :: Digital Computers Advanced coding Techniques Summer 1954 by published by

关键词： advanced advanced coding automatic automatic coding coding coding system coding techniques computers digital donn combelic floating floating address floating point instruction machine magnetic tape program raw data routine routines session subroutines summer summer session tho

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