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A low-cost wide bandgap polymer based on carboxylate substituted thiazole enables efficient organic solar cells with remarkable batch-to-batch reproducibility

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第2期68卷 733-744页

作者： Xiaodong Zhu Yuchen Lei Jianhong Gao Yanjun He Jinsicheng Liu Qian Guo Xiang Gao Liwei Xiong Xunchang Wang Renqiang Yang Zhitian Liu Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Optoelectronic and New Energy Materials Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringWuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhan 430205China Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices(Ministry of Education) School of Optoelectronic Materials&TechnologyJianghan UniversityWuhan 430056China

Constructing the low-cost,high-efficiency,and good batch-to-batch reproducibility polymer donor is vitally important for the application of organic solar ***,we develop a structurally simple carboxylate-substituted thiazole as an electronwithdrawing building block to construct a low-cost polymer,PBTTzE,containing a facilely prepared chlorinated benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene(BDTCl)donor *** from synergistic electron deficient effects of chlorination and ester group and C=N,as well as the noncovalent interaction of S…O and S…N,PBTTzE exhibits a deep HOMO energy level(−5.59 eV),and a planar skeleton *** combined with the IT-4F acceptor,the polymer(54 kDa)demonstrated a champion PCE of 15.87%,which is the highest value in the IT-4F-based binary devices to ***,PBTTzE exhibits excellent batch-tobatch reproducibility due to its very similar PCEs within a range of 43–76 *** addition,an alloyed state and complementary absorption can be formed between PM6 and ***,in a ternary device with PBTTzE added to the PM6:BTP-eC9 blend,a top PCE of 18.76%is achieved due to the suppressed energy loss,prolonged exciton diffusion distance,and improved charge *** work demonstrates that the carboxylate-substituted thiazole is a highly promising acceptor unit for constructing low-cost and high-performance polymers.

关键词： carboxylate substituted thiazole polymer donor low-cost batch-to-batch reproducibility organic solar cells

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Influence of batch-to-batch reproducibility of Luna C₁₈(2) packing material, nature of column wall material, and column diameter on the liquid chromatographic analysis of basic analytes

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JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE 2001年第3期24卷 167-172页

作者： Vervoort, RJM Ruyter, E Debets, AJJ Claessens, HA Cramers, CA de Jong, GJ NV Organon AKZO Nobel NL-5340 BH Oss Netherlands Eindhoven Univ Technol Dept Chem NL-5600 MB Eindhoven Netherlands Univ Groningen Ctr Pharm Dept Analyt Chem & Toxicol NL-9713 AV Groningen Netherlands

This paper discusses aspects arising on transferring liquid chromatography (LC) methods developed on conventional size columns to micro LC, i.e. the influence of batch-to-batch reproducibility of packing material, the nature of the column wall material, and the column inner diameter. it was shown that the nature of the column hardware as well as batches of Luna C18(2) packing material did not influence the retention of basic compounds. The batches of packing material, however, significantly influenced the peak shape for some compounds. The nature of the mobile phase buffer also showed an effect on peak shape. The column wall material as well as the column inner diameter did not reveal effects on the peak shape. Different packing densities were found for micro and conventional LC columns, i.e. the micro LC columns were less densely packed than the conventional LC columns. The study demonstrated that for the analysis of basic analytes similar separations are obtained using micro and conventional LC columns provided that the columns are packed from the same batch of packing material.

关键词： miniaturisation batch-to-batch reproducibility basic compounds nature of column wall material

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Monitoring batch-to-batch reproducibility of liquid-liquid extraction process using in-line near-infrared spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis

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JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS 2012年 70卷 178-187页

作者： Xiong, Haoshu Gong, Xingchu Qu, Haibin Zhejiang Univ Coll Pharmaceut Sci Pharmaceut Informat Inst Hangzhou 310058 Zhejiang Peoples R China

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) products are usually manufactured through batch processes. To improve batch-to-batch reproducibility, the feasible approaches for real-time monitoring of batch evolution need to be developed. In-line near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with multivariate data analysis as an efficient process analytical technology (PAT) tool, is presented in this study for real-time batch process monitoring. Liquid-liquid extraction is a widely used purification technology in the TCM manufacture, and selected as the example to demonstrate the effectiveness of this PAT tool. Multi-way partial least squares (MPLS) model was developed based on in-line measured NIR spectral data of ten normal operation condition (NOC) batches. Three kinds of multivariate control charts (scores, Hotelling T-2 and DModX) were used to monitor the evolution of six test batches with artificial batch variations, including the change of starting material quality attributes and abnormal operation conditions. The approach was found very effective for real-time monitoring of process deviations from NOC batches. It is an alternative promising tool for monitoring batch reproducibility of the unit operations during the manufacture of TCM. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) batch-to-batch reproducibility batch process monitoring Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy Multivariate data analysis Liquid-liquid extraction

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Benzo[d]thiazole Based Wide Bandgap Donor Polymers Enable 19.54% Efficiency Organic Solar Cells Along with Desirable batch-to-batch reproducibility and General Applicability

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ADVANCED MATERIALS 2023年第21期35卷 2300631-2300631页

作者： Pang, Bo Liao, Chentong Xu, Xiaopeng Yu, Liyang Li, Ruipeng Peng, Qiang Sichuan Univ Sch Chem Engn Chengdu 610065 Peoples R China Sichuan Univ State Key Lab Polymer Mat Engn Chengdu 610065 Peoples R China Brookhaven Natl Lab Natl Synchrotron Light Source II Upton NY 11973 USA

The limited selection pool of high-performance wide bandgap (WBG) polymer donors is a bottleneck problem of the nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) based organic solar cells (OSCs) that impedes the further improvement of their photovoltaic performances. Herein, a series of new WBG polymers, namely PH-BTz, PS-BTz, PF-BTz, and PCl-BTz, are developed by using the bicyclic difluoro-benzo[d]thiazole (BTz) as the acceptor block and benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b ']dithiophene (BDT) derivatives as the donor units. By introducing S, F, and Cl atoms to the alkylthienyl sidechains on BDT, the resulting polymers exhibit lowered energy levels and enhanced aggregation properties. The fluorinated PBTz-F not only exhibits a low-lying HOMO level, but also has stronger face-on packing order and results in more uniform fibril-like interpenetrating networks in the related PF-BTz:L8-BO blend. A high-power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.57% is achieved. Moreover, PBTz-F also exhibits a good batch-to-batch reproducibility and general applicability. In addition, ternary blend OSCs based on the host PBTz-F:L8-BO blend and PM6 guest donor exhibits a further enhanced PCE of 19.54%, which is among the highest values of OSCs.

关键词： batch-to-batch reproducibility general applicability polymer solar cells wide bandgap donor polymers benzo[d]thiazole

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Terpolymers Containing Difluorobenzoxadiazole Enable Suppressed Energy Losses and Optimal batch-to-batch reproducibility for High-Efficiency Organics Solar Cells

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SOLAR RRL 2023年第12期7卷

作者： Xie, Dongsheng Pan, Langheng Liu, Tao Pang, Shuting Deng, Wanyuan Oh, Jiyeon Liu, Xinyuan Yang, Changduk Wu, Hongbin Duan, Chunhui South China Univ Technol Inst Polymer Optoelect Mat & Devices State Key Lab Luminescent Mat & Devices Guangzhou 510640 Peoples R China Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol UNIST Low Dimens Carbon Mat Ctr Perovtron Res Ctr Sch Energy & Chem Engn Ulsan 44919 South Korea

Developing high-performance polymer donors is of great importance to further improve the photovoltaic performances of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, most polymer donors suffer from mismatching energy levels and poor batch-to-batch reproducibility, which hinder the further enhancement of device performance and their potential in a commercial application. Constructing random terpolymers with a third monomer is considered a practical way to solve these problems. Herein, the 5,6-difluorobenzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole (ffBX) unit is incorporated into the skeleton of PBDB-TF as the third comonomer to construct random terpolymers. The terpolymers exhibit downshifted the highest occupied molecular orbital energy levels than PBDB-TF, which is beneficial for obtaining higher open-circuit voltage and lower energy loss of the OSCs. The OSCs based on PBFBX20:Y6-BO demonstrate high power conversion efficiency of 17.5%. Moreover, PBFBX20 exhibits excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility. Five polymer batches with molecular weights ranging from 20.0 to 54.0 kDa produced very similar PCEs. This work demonstrates the bright future of ffBX-contained terpolymers in realizing high-performance OSCs and further applying in the OSCs community.

关键词： batch-to-batch reproducibility difluorobenzoxadiazole energy loss organic solar cells terpolymer donors

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An asymmetric non-fused electron-deficient building block for low-cost polymer acceptor in all-polymer solar cells

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Science China Chemistry 2023年第9期66卷 2626-2633页

作者： Haiqin Xiao Linfeng Yu Zhiliang Zhang Haiyan Liang Yu Shi Xia Guo Maojie Zhang Yongfang Li Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and DevicesCollege of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou 215123China National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials School of Chemistry&Chemical EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan 250100China Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

The development of polymerized fused-ring small molecule acceptors(FRA-PAs) has boosted the performance of all-polymer solar cells(all-PSCs).However,these FRA-PAs suffer from lengthy synthesis steps and high production costs due to the high degree of synthetic complexity for fused-ring small molecule acceptors(FRAs).Furthermore,most FRA-PAs exhibit strong batch-to-batch variation,limiting further industrial ***,we designed and synthesized asymmetric non-fused electron-deficient building block TIC-Br with a simple structure(only three synthetic steps),showing a planar configuration,excellent electron affinity,and large dipole moment.A simple polymer acceptor PTIB was further developed by polymerization of TIC-Br and sensitized fluorinated-thienyl benzodithiophene(BDT-TF-Sn).PTIB exhibits a broad absorption from 300 to 800 nm,a suitable lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO) energy level of-3.86 e V,and moderate electron mobility(1.02×10^(-4)cm^(2)V^(-1)s^(-1)).When matched with PM6,the device achieved the best PCE of 10.11%with a high V_(OC) of 0.97 V,which is one of the highest among those reported *** importantly,PTIB exhibits a lower synthetic complexity index(SC=35.0%)and higher figure-of-merit values(FOM=29.0%) than all the reported high-performance *** polymer also exhibits excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility and great potential for scale-up *** study indicates that TIC-Br is a promising building block for constructing low-cost polymer acceptors for large-scale applications in all-PSCs.

关键词： non-fused electron-deficient building block low-cost polymer acceptors batch-to-batch reproducibility all-polymer solar cells

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Core-shell column Tanaka characterization and additional tests using active pharmaceutical ingredients

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JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE 2016年第23期39卷 4520-4532页

作者： Ludvigsson, Jufang Wu Karlsson, Anders Kjellberg, Viktor AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg Pharmaceut Technol & Dev S-43183 Molndal Sweden

In the last decade, core-shell particles have gained more and more attention in fast liquid chromatography separations due to their comparable performance with fully porous sub2 mu m particles and their significantly lower back pressure. Core-shell particles are made of a solid core surrounded by a shell of classic fully porous material. To embrace the developed core-shell column market and use these columns in pharmaceutical analytical applications, 17 core-shell C-18 columns purchased from various vendors with various dimensions (50 mm x 2.1 mm to 100 mm x 3 mm) and particle sizes (1.6-2.7 mu m) were characterized using Tanaka test protocols. Furthermore, four selected active pharmaceutical ingredients were chosen as test probes to investigate the batch to batch reproducibility for core-shell columns of particle size 2.6-2.7 mu m, with dimension of 100 x 3 mm and columns of particle size 1.6 mu m, with dimension 100 x 2.1 mm under isocratic elution. Columns of particle size 2.6-2.7 mu m were also tested under gradient elution conditions. To confirm the claimed comparable efficiency of 2.6 mu m core-shell particles as sub-2 mu m fully porous particles, column performances of the selected core-shell columns were compared with BEH C-18, 1.7 mu m, a fully porous column material as well.

关键词： batch-to-batch reproducibility Column efficiency Core-shell particles Peak shape Tanaka test

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A sensitive monitoring system for mammalian cell cultivation processes: a PAT approach

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BIOPROCESS AND BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING 2014年第5期37卷 901-912页

作者： Winckler, Silvia Krueger, Rolf Schnitzler, Thomas Zang, Werner Fischer, Rainer Biselli, Manfred FH Aachen Univ Appl Sci INB D-52428 Julich Germany HiTec Zang GmbH D-52134 Herzogenrath Germany Fraunhofer Inst Mol Biol & Appl Ecol D-52074 Aachen Germany Rhein Westfal TH Aachen Inst Mol Biotechnol D-52074 Aachen Germany

Biopharmaceuticals such as antibodies are produced in cultivated mammalian cells, which must be monitored to comply with good manufacturing practice. We, therefore, developed a fully automated system comprising a specific exhaust gas analyzer, inline analytics and a corresponding algorithm to precisely determine the oxygen uptake rate, carbon dioxide evolution rate, carbon dioxide transfer rate, transfer quotient and respiratory quotient without interrupting the ongoing cultivation, in order to assess its reproducibility. The system was verified using chemical simulation experiments and was able to measure the respiratory activity of hybridoma cells and DG44 cells (derived from Chinese hamster ovary cells) with satisfactory results at a minimum viable cell density of similar to 2.0 x 10(5) cells ml(-1). The system was suitable for both batch and fed-batch cultivations in bubble-aerated and membrane-aerated reactors, with and without the control of pH and dissolved oxygen.

关键词： batch-to-batch reproducibility Bicarbonate-buffered media Carbon dioxide evolution rate Mammalian cells Monitoring Oxygen uptake rate

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In-line monitoring of alcohol precipitation by near-infrared spectroscopy in conjunction with multivariate batch modeling

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ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA 2011年第1期707卷 47-56页

作者： Huang, Hongxia Qu, Haibin Zhejiang Univ Coll Pharmaceut Sci Pharmaceut Informat Inst Hangzhou 310058 Zhejiang Peoples R China

Alcohol precipitation is a critical unit operation during the manufacture of Chinese herbal injections. To facilitate enhanced process understanding and develop control strategy, the use of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with multivariate statistical process control (MSPC) methodology was investigated for in-line monitoring of alcohol precipitation. The effectiveness of the proposed approach was evaluated through an experimental campaign. Six batches were run under normal operating conditions to study batch-to-batch variation or batch reproducibility and establish MSPC control limits, while artificial process variations were purposefully introduced into the four test batches to assess the capability of the model for real-time fault detection. Several MSPC tools were compared and assessed. NIRS, in conjunction with MSPC, has proven to be a feasible process analytical technology (PAT) tool for monitoring batch evolution and potentially facilitating model-based advanced process control of the alcohol precipitation during the manufacture of Chinese herbal injections. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： batch-to-batch reproducibility Chinese herbal injection Alcohol precipitation Multivariate statistical process control Multivariate data analysis Near-infrared spectroscopy

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Improving cultivation processes for recombinant protein production

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BIOPROCESS AND BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING 2012年第3期35卷 333-340页

作者： Kuprijanov, A. Schaepe, S. Aehle, M. Simutis, R. Luebbert, A. Univ Halle Wittenberg Ctr Bioproc Engn D-06120 Halle Germany Kaunas Univ Technol Inst Automat & Control Syst LT-51367 Kaunas Lithuania

An new cascade control system is presented that reproducibly keeps the cultivation part of recombinant protein production processes on its predetermined track. While the system directly controls carbon dioxide production mass and carbon dioxide production rates along their setpoint profiles in fed-batch cultivation, it simultaneously keeps the specific biomass growth rates and the biomass profiles on their desired paths. The control scheme was designed and tuned using a virtual plant environment based on the industrial process control system SIMATIC PCS 7 (Siemens AG). It is shown by means of validation experiments that the simulations in this straightforward approach directly reflect the experimentally observed controller behaviour. Within the virtual plant environment, it was shown that the cascade control is considerably better than previously used control approaches. The controller significantly improved the batch-to-batch reproducibility of the fermentations. Experimental tests confirmed that it is particularly suited for cultivation processes suffering from long response times and delays. The performance of the new controller is demonstrated during its application in Escherichia coli fed-batch cultivations as well as in animal cell cultures with CHO cells. The technique is a simple and reliable alternative to more sophisticate model-supported controllers.

关键词： Cascade control Virtual plant Recombinant proteins batch-to-batch reproducibility

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