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behavior driven development: A Systematic Literature Review

IEEE ACCESS 2023年 11卷 88008-88024页

作者： Farooq, Muhammad Shoaib Omer, Uzma Ramzan, Amna Rasheed, Mansoor Ahmad Atal, Zabihullah Univ Management & Technol Sch Syst & Technol Dept Artificial Intelligence Lahore 54000 Pakistan Univ Educ Dept Informat Sci Div Sci & Technol Lahore 54000 Pakistan Univ Management & Technol Sch Syst & Technol Dept Comp Sci Lahore 54000 Pakistan Kardan Univ Dept Comp Sci Kabul 1007 Afghanistan

behavior driven development (BDD) is a widely adopted agile methodology for software development that emphasizes the behavior of an application as a series of test cases, using the keywords, which include "Given," "When," and "Then." It involves writing requirements in a structured and testable format that can be evaluated to ensure compliance with the expected behavior. Although a significant amount of research has been conducted to examine the impact of using BDD on software development process yet rare work is observed to synthesize these studies and identify areas for future exploration. This study presents a review of the state-of-the-art BDD by synthesizing the recent advancements in its uses and applications. It aims to systematically investigate the impact of BDD on software development process as well as on product quality by aiding to bridge the communication gap between the stakeholders. The results reveal that BDD is an effective technique to clarify requirements during the software development process as it helps minimizing the intrinsic ambiguities. This work proposes a taxonomy based on the role and applications of BDD in various contexts. It suggests a framework for applying BDD in software development and defines a workflow for its application in software development. Finally, this work highlights some pertinent future directions for the use of BDD in software development.

关键词： behavior-driven development software testing agile methodology ubiquitous language automation testing test driven development

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On the Characterization of behavior-driven development Adoption Benefits: A Multiple Case Study 22

On the Characterization of Behavior-Driven Development Adopt...

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Proceedings of the XXI Brazilian Symposium on Software Quality

作者： Thiciane Couto Sabrina Marczak Daniel Callegari Michael Móra Fabio Gomes School of Technology PUCRS Brasil Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa Universidade Tiradentes Brasil

ISBN: (纸本)9781450399999

BDD supports software development teams in building and delivering user needs. Although the claims that BDD adoption improves product and software processes, there is still no consolidated evidence about its benefits nor have we found quality indicators to measure them. This paper reports on a study that aimed to identify and characterize the benefits of BDD adoption in software teams novice to it. We conducted a multiple case study in teams formed by students working with industry practitioners in active-based learning programs. Perceived benefits are improved communication, faster delivery cycles, better product quality, among others. Each benefit was characterized into aspects that express how the benefit is conceptualized. For instance, improved communication is perceived by sharper conversations with the product owner. Our results might inspire both practitioners and scholars in the pursuit of quality indicators to measure the benefits of adopting BDD.

关键词： BDD Adoption Benefits behavior-driven development Case Study

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On the Understanding of How to Measure the Benefits of behavior-driven development Adoption: Preliminary Literature Results from a Grey Literature Study 20

On the Understanding of How to Measure the Benefits of Behav...

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Proceedings of the XIX Brazilian Symposium on Software Quality

作者： Thiciane Couto Sabrina Marczak Fabio Gomes Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul Brasil Universidade Tiradentes Brasil

ISBN: (纸本)9781450389235

behavior-driven development (BDD) is the integration of a ubiquitous language with Test-driven development and Automated Testing. From this integration, BDD supports software teams to build and deliver software. Although the perceived arguments of better results and of a more efficient development process, we still have no consolidated evidence of such benefits and how to measure them. Therefore, this long-term research aims to characterize how BDD adoption benefits can be measured. To do so, our research design includes a Multivocal Literature Review, composed of a Grey Literature to explore how industry tackles the topic and a Systematic Review to gather scientific evidences, followed of a Snowballing Review to supplement the search. Next, we will conduct empirical studies to characterize the topic from practice. This paper introduces our research and presents the results from our exploratory Grey Literature. We learned from these preliminary results that there are no models or frameworks defined to measure BDD adoption benefits but that teams indeed perceive improvements in software quality, communication, rework rates, among others. We also found that these teams also perceive that team engagement improves with the adoption of BDD and that although there is a certain cost (e.g., time and financial) involved, the investment pays off in the end. These results will inform the design of our Systematic Review and of our downstream empirical studies.

关键词： BDD Adoption Quality Measurement Benefits behavior-driven development Grey Literature Review

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Benefits of behavior driven development in Scenario-based Verification of Automated Driving 25

Benefits of Behavior Driven Development in Scenario-based Ve...

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IEEE 25th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)

作者： Lauer, Christoph Sippl, Christoph Audi AG D-85057 Ingolstadt Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781665468800

ISBN: (纸本)9781665468800

Bringing automated driving software to market is a challenging task. Mainly because complex software needs to be developed and verified in a potentially unlimited driving scenario space. Although alternatives exist, academia and industry are focusing on the scenario-based approach, which aims at evaluating sample scenarios that belong to a specified Operational Design Domain (ODD). Significant effort is spent on finding optimization techniques to detect corner-cases and reduce the number of scenarios required for verification. Loss functions for optimization are mostly safety-related and not directly linked to large parts of the specification of the driving function. Consequently, large parts of the specification play no role in the corner-case detection, reducing the effectiveness of the whole verification process. To address this drawback, this contribution applies principles from behavior driven development (BDD) to create this link. We conducted a case-study in which we described the requirements of an automated driving function on system level using Gherkin syntax and used simulation to evaluate the requirements of the driving function with regard to the specification. Our results show that Gherkin syntax helps to overcome communication gaps between system engineers and test engineers. Furthermore, logical driving scenarios do not have to be tailored to the test goal, hence, scenarios remain function-independent. We found that scenarios can be reused in different development branches and Gherkin files can be reused in different verification approaches. Finally, we conclude that using Gherkin syntax to describe automated driving functions is a promising approach to link large parts of the system specification to state-of-the-art formal verification and optimization techniques.

关键词： SBSE scenario-based behavior-driven development automated driving

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Agile MERODE: a model-driven software engineering method for user-centric and value-based development

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SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS MODELING 2022年第4期21卷 1469-1494页

作者： Snoeck, Monique Wautelet, Yves Katholieke Univ Leuven Leuven Belgium

Agile is often associated with a lack of architectural thinking causing technical debt but has the advantage of user centricity and a strong focus on value. Model-driven software engineering (MDSE) strongly performs for building a quality architecture and code, but lacks focus on user requirements and tends to consider development as a monolithic whole. The combination of Agile and MDSE has been explored, but a convincing integrated method has not been proposed yet. This paper addresses this gap by exploring the specific combination of MERODE-as an example of a proven MDSE method-with Scrum, a reference agile method offering a concrete (sprint-based) life cycle management on the basis of user stories. The method resulting of this integration is called Agile MERODE;it is driven by user stories, themselves associated with behavior-driven development scenarios. It allows for domain-driven design and permits fast development from domain models by means of code generation. An illustrative example further clarifies the practical application of Agile MERODE, while a case study shows the planning game application in the case's context. While the approach, in its entirety, allows reducing technical debt by building the architecture in a logical, consistent and complete manner, introducing MDSE involves a trade-off with pure value-driven development. Agile MERODE contributes to the state of the art by showing how to increase user centricity in MDSE, how to align model-driven engineering with the Scrum cycle, and how to reduce the technical debt of agile developments yet remaining value-focused.

关键词： Model-driven engineering Agile MERODE User story User stories BDD behavior-driven development

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Enabling IoT Platform Interoperability Using a Systematic development Approach by Example

Enabling IoT Platform Interoperability Using a Systematic De...

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Global Internet of Things Summit (GIoTS)

作者： Schneider, Michael Hippchen, Benjamin Abeck, Sebastian Jacoby, Michael Herzog, Reinhard KIT Res Grp Cooperat & Management Zirkel 2 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany Fraunhofer IOSB Dept Informat Management & Prod Control Fraunhoferstr 1 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781538664513

Today, the IoT landscape consists of a large number of vertical IoT platforms that are rarely interconnected. To enable creation of applications across platforms and domain boundaries interoperability needs to be established between IoT platforms. In this paper we present how this task can be simplified by utilizing a systematic software development process based on behavior-and domain-driven development. This process is illustrated using an example that uses the open source IoT interoperability framework symbIoTe to connect two indoor navigation platforms. We show that developers can actually profit from this approach but existing IoT interoperability frameworks are still cumbersome to use.

关键词： Internet of Things IoT interoperability semantic interoperability behavior-driven development domain-driven design

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Graph-based and scenario-driven microservice analysis, retrieval, and testing

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FUTURE GENERATION COMPUTER SYSTEMS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ESCIENCE 2019年 100卷 724-735页

作者： Ma, Shang-Pin Fan, Chen-Yuan Chuang, Yen Liu, I-Hsiu Lan, Ci-Wei Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn Keelung Taiwan Taiwan IBM Taipei Taiwan

The microservice architecture (MSA) differs fundamentally from the monolithic, layered architecture. The use of microservices provides a high degree of autonomy, composability, scalability, and fault-tolerance. MSA is regarded by many as a promising architecture for smart-city applications;however, a number of issues remain, including (1) the management of complex call relationships among microservices;(2) ensuring the quality of the overall software system even as new microservices are added and existing ones are modified, and (3) locating existing microservices that satisfy new requirements. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to the development of microservice-based systems, referred to as GSMART (Graph-based and Scenario-driven Microservice Analysis, Retrieval and Testing). GSMART enables the automatic generation of a "Service Dependency Graph (SDG)'' by which to visualize and analyze dependency relationships between microservices as well as between services and scenarios. It also enables the automatic retrieval of test cases required for system changes to reduce the time and costs associated with regression testing. A microservice retrieval method using VSM and word2vec accelerates the development of new microservices tailored specifically to the needs of users based on user-provided scenarios. Experiment results demonstrate the feasibility, effectiveness, and efficiency of all of the main features of GSMART. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Microservice retrieval Microservice testing Microservice analysis Service dependency graph behavior-driven development

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Mining reading patterns from eye-tracking data: method and demonstration

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SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS MODELING 2020年第2期19卷 345-369页

作者： Ioannou, Constantina Nurdiani, Indira Burattin, Andrea Weber, Barbara Tech Univ Denmark DTU Compute Software & Proc Engn DK-2800 Lyngby Denmark Univ Southern Denmark Maersk Mc Kinney Moller Inst SDU Software Engn DK-5230 Odense M Denmark Univ St Gallen CH-9000 St Gallen Switzerland

Understanding how developers interact with different software artifacts when performing comprehension tasks has a potential to improve developers' productivity. In this paper, we propose a method to analyze eye-tracking data using process mining to find distinct reading patterns of how developers interacted with the different artifacts. To validate our approach, we conducted an exploratory study using eye-tracking involving 11 participants. We applied our method to investigate how developers interact with different artifacts during domain and code understanding tasks. To contextualize the reading patterns and to better understand the perceived benefits and challenges participants associated with the different artifacts and their choice of reading patterns, we complemented the eye-tracking data with the data obtained from think aloud. The study used behavior-driven development, a development practice that is increasingly used in Agile software development contexts, as a setting. The study shows that our method can be used to explore developers' behavior at an aggregated level and identify behavioral patterns at varying levels of granularity.

关键词： Process mining Eye-tracking Reading patterns Source code behavior-driven development

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Reproducing failures based on semiformal failure scenario descriptions

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SOFTWARE QUALITY JOURNAL 2017年第1期25卷 111-129页

作者： Karagoz, Gun Sozer, Hasan PI Works HQ Teknopk Istanbul Sanayi Mah Teknopk Bul 1-3A 103 TR-34906 Istanbul Turkey Ozyegin Univ Sch Engn Nisantepe Mah Orman Sk 34-36 TR-34794 Istanbul Turkey

Due to the increasing size and complexity of software systems, it becomes hard to test these systems exhaustively. As a result, some faults can be left undetected. Undetected faults can lead to failures in deployed systems. Such failures are usually reported by the users from the field or test engineers back to developers. It requires considerable time and effort to analyze and reproduce the reported failures because their descriptions are not always complete, structured and formal. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach for automatically reproducing failures to aid their debugging. Our approach relies on semi-structured failure scenario descriptions that employ a set of keywords. These descriptions are preprocessed and mapped to a set of predefined test case templates with valid input sets. Then, test cases are generated and executed to reproduce the reported failure scenarios. The approach is evaluated with an industrial case study performed in a company from the telecommunications domain. Several failures were successfully reproduced. The approach is also adopted in the quality assurance process of the company. After one-time preparation of reusable test case templates and training of test engineers, 24.9 % of the reported failures (and 40 % of those that were manually reproducible) could be reproduced without any manual effort.

关键词： Failure reproduction Automated test case generation behavior-driven development Industrial case study

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Intuitive design: framing a software test system as a status reporting tool for business

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JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY 2017年第2期15卷 149-165页

作者： So, Chaehan Hongik Univ Int Design Sch Adv Studies Seoul South Korea

Purpose - This paper aims to present a conceptual framework of how software teams can leverage the implicit information of implemented acceptance tests to cater to the needs of decision makers. The research questions on this framework were how business stakeholders can receive project status information in an intuitive way and how this framework can guarantee the traceability of tests to requirements. Design/methodology/approach - The conceptual framework delineates the design of an acceptance test framework in three aspects: how the requirements model reflects the evolving states of requirement maturity over a project, how the acceptance test model becomes synchronized with the requirements model without a traceability matrix and how the acceptance test model communicates business value to the decision makers. Findings - In an industrial case study, the presented framework yielded the positive effects of intuitive understanding by business stakeholders, high test coverage of requirements and distinctly reduced manual quality assurance (QA) work by automated testing for browsers and mobile devices. Practical implications - The presented framework can help to convince business stakeholders to approve the budget for building a testing framework because it delivers them value as a status reporting tool. Originality/value - This paper is the first to describe a step-by-step approach to solving a critical problem that IT departments frequently face. The solution consists in a new way of transforming the perception of a technical framework into a reporting tool for business information by intuitive design. The idea of mapping hierarchically corresponding abstraction layers can be transferred to other engineering domains.

关键词： Acceptance test-driven development behavior-driven development Intuitive design Reporting tool Requirements management User-centered design

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