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branching points for transition pathways: assessing responses of actors to challenges on pathways to a low carbon future

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ENERGY POLICY 2013年 52卷 146-158页

作者： Foxon, Timothy J. Pearson, Peter J. G. Arapostathis, Stathis Carlsson-Hyslop, Anna Thornton, Judith Univ Leeds Sch Earth & Environm Sustainabil Res Inst Leeds LS2 9JT W Yorkshire England Cardiff Univ Welsh Sch Architecture Low Carbon Res Inst Cardiff CF10 3NB S Glam Wales

This paper describes initial analysis of branching points on a set of transition pathways to a UK low carbon electricity future by 2050. As described in other papers in this special issue, we are exploring and analysing a set of core transition pathways, based on alternative governance patterns in which the 'logics' of market actors, government actors and civil society actors, respectively dominate. This core pathway analysis is enhanced by analyses of branching points within and across the pathways, which informs how competition between different logics plays out at key decision points. branching points are defined as key decision points at which choices made by actors, in response to internal or external stresses or triggers, determine whether and in what ways the pathway is followed. A set of initial branching points for our three core transition pathways is identified through project and stakeholder workshops, and drawing on analysis of actors' choices and responses at past branching points in energy system transitions. The potential responses of the actors are identified at these branching points, and risk mitigation strategies are formulated for the dominant actors to reinforce that pathway, as well as opportunities for actors to move away from the pathway. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： branching points Transition pathways Path dependency

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branching points and transition pathways in the Greek Natural Gas Regime, 1966-2016

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ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS 2019年 32卷 69-89页

作者： Fotopoulos, Yannis Arapostathis, Stathis Pearson, Peter J. G. Natl & Kapodistrian Univ Athens Dept Hist & Philosophy Sci Univ Campus Athens 15771 Greece Imperial Coll London Ctr Environm Policy Fac Nat Sci South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ England Cardiff Univ Welsh Sch Architecture Bute BldgKing Edward VII Ave Cardiff CF10 3NB S Glam Wales

This paper studies the emerging natural gas transitions in Greece from 1966 to 2016. We place the actors and the governing processes in historical perspective, to position the regime actors, their power and their agency in the context of decision making that influenced the transition pathway and its key branching points. We argue that during the two transitions there was a passage from years of politicized visions promoted and dominated by national and local actors to years of contested visions of Greece as a transnational natural gas corridor, promoted both by national and transnational actors. There has been a reconfiguration of the governance logics action space because of the increasing agency and power of transnational actors (the EU and the 'Troika') especially at times of political or financial crisis. The paper shows the importance of considering how transitions are affected by asymmetries in power and agency between national and international actors and indeed between different actors in a state.

关键词： Action space branching points Transition pathways Visions Natural gas Energy infrastructure Greece Transnationalism Governance

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Detection of branching points in noisy processes

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COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS 2010年第4期45卷 363-374页

作者： Beer, Michael Liebscher, Martin Natl Univ Singapore Dept Civil Engn Singapore 117548 Singapore Dynamore GmbH Stuttgart Germany

Processes in engineering mechanics often contain branching points at which the system can follow different physical paths. In this paper a method for the detection of these branching points is proposed for processes that are affected by noise. It is assumed that a bundle of process records are available from numerical simulations or from experiments, and branching points are concealed by the noise of the process. The bundle of process records is then evaluated at a series of discrete values of the independent process coordinates. At each discrete point of the process, the associated point set of process values is investigated with the aid of cluster analysis. The detected branching points are verified with a recursive algorithm. The revealed information about the branching points can be used to identify the physical and mechanical background for the branching. This helps to better understand a mechanical system and to design it optimal for a specific purpose. The proposed method is demonstrated by means of both a numerical example and a practical example of a crashworthiness investigation.

关键词： Processes Noise Time series Data analysis branching points Bifurcation Cluster analysis Process classification

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DIFFERENCES IN THE PATTERN OF ATHEROSCLEROTIC INVOLVEMENT BETWEEN NON-BRANCHED REGIONS AND ADJACENT branching points OF HUMAN CORONARY-ARTERIES

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ATHEROSCLEROSIS 1985年第3期54卷 333-342页

作者： VELICAN, C VELICAN, D Institute of Internal Medicine Colentina Hospital 72202 Bucharest 10 Romania

A light-microscopic study carried out on 816 coronary arterial trees revealed that the variety of atherosclerotic lesions detected in non-branched segments was 3–5 times greater than that recorded in branching points. The fibromuscular and fibronecrotic plaques, small fatty streaks, small intimal necrotic areas, incorporated microthrombi and intramural organized thrombi were recorded in both non-branched regions and branching points. The mucoid, foam cell-rich and necrotic plaques, large fatty streaks with abundant extracellular lipid and large intimal necrotic areas with lipid and fibrin deposition were recorded only in non-branched regions, whereas the fibrohyaline plaques were recorded only in the branching points. The complexity of atherosclerotic involvement of the branch areas increased with the branch mouth diameter: at a diameter of 1 mm only fibromuscular and fibrohyaline plaques were recorded; at a diameter between 1 and 2 mm the fibronecrotic plaques and at a diameter of more than 2 mm the small fatty streaks and small intimal necrotic areas were also detected. The results showed that along a distance of only 2–5 mm there are in the coronary arterial tree local hemodynamic and structural patterns which in non-branched regions favour and in adjacent branching sites restrict the onset and progression of atherosclerotic lesions; there are also local factors which in non-branched regions enlarge and in adjacent branching sites limit the types of atherosclerotic lesions which will develop. Any view on the etiopathogenesis of human coronary atherosclerosis needs to be considered in conjunction with the hemodynamic and structural patterns existing in the different parts of the coronary arterial tree, both closely related to the coronary branching anatomical pattern.

关键词： Atherosclerotic lesions branching points Comparative study Human coronary arteries Light microscopy Non-branched regions

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About one gradient procedure of determination of the branching points of nonlinear integral equation arising in the theory of antenna synthesis 4

About one gradient procedure of determination of the branchi...

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4th International Conference on Antenna Theory and Techniques

作者： Podlevskyi, BM NASU Pidstryhach Inst Appl Problems Mech & Math UA-79000 Lvov Ukraine

ISBN: (纸本)0780378814

The problem of building a numerical algorithm for determination of branching points of one nonlinear integral operator, which arises in the theory of antennas synthesis according to the given amplitude radiation pattern, is considered. The basic difficulty, consists in that the kernel of an integral operator nonlinearly depends oil two parameters, which play role of the spectral ones. For such problems, except a special case. the existing numerical algorithms are not applicable. For building an algorithm for solving such problems, the equivalent variational statement is used. The problem is reduced to a sequence of linear two-parameter eigenvalue problems with application of one gradient procedure for simultaneous evaluation of two spectral parameters being the branching points of an initial nonlinear integral operator.

关键词： antennas synthesis branching points nonlinear integral operator two-parameter eigenvalue problem numerical algorithm eigenvalue gradient procedure

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Critical choices and the politics of decarbonization pathways: Exploring branching points surrounding low-carbon transitions in Canadian electricity systems

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ENERGY RESEARCH & SOCIAL SCIENCE 2018年 37卷 22-36页

作者： Rosenbloom, Daniel Haley, Brendan Meadowcroft, James Carleton Univ Sch Publ Policy & Adm 1125 Colonel By Dr Ottawa ON K1S 5B6 Canada Dalhousie Univ Sch Resource & Environm Studies 6100 Univ Ave Halifax NS B3H 4R2 Canada

Transition pathways have attracted increasing interest as a useful analytical lens through which to capture the interlocking processes, patterns, and directions that might constitute substantial movement toward sustainability. While recent research has elaborated the political character of pathways, there is still room to further scrutinize the role of critical choices and branching points in defining diverging pathways. Contributing to the growing body of research on pathways, this study develops an approach that: (1) elaborates the dynamics that open branching points and (2) illustrates how critical choices help define the direction taken at these openings, giving rise to diverging decarbonization pathways. As part of this, the contested nature of critical choices is examined, revealing how actors struggle to shape possible trajectories. This approach is demonstrated by exploring unfolding low-carbon pathways in Canadian electricity systems, drawing lessons for the practice and theory of pathways. In particular, findings indicate that attending to branching points more explicitly exposes the implications and trade-offs embodied within choices by linking near-term decisions to long-run low-carbon configurations.

关键词： Socio-technical transitions Pathways branching points Critical choices Climate change mitigation

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Lignin nanoparticles formation by multiscale structure control to regulate morphology and their adsorption, nucleation, and growth on chitin nanofibers

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JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE 2025年第PartA期677卷 918-927页

作者： Feng, Nianjie Hu, Jiaxin Zhao, Xiangdong Chen, Jingqian Tang, Fei Liang, Shuang Zhu, Xiaotian Yang, Xu Yang, Haitao Wu, Qian Hubei Univ Technol Sch Mat Sci & Chem Engn Wuhan 430068 Hubei Peoples R China Univ British Columbia Bioprod Inst Dept Chem & Biol Engn Dept Chem Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3 Canada Univ British Columbia Dept Wood Sci Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3 Canada Hubei Univ Technol Sch Life Sci & Hlth Wuhan 430068 Hubei Peoples R China

The lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) synthesis relies on lignin polymers with heterogeneous molecules and properties, which impose significant limitations on the preparation and property regulation. The multiscale structure of lignin from monomers to oligomers, provides a potential pathway for precise regulation of its physical and chemical properties. The study addresses this challenge by employing coniferyl alcohol and sinapyl alcohol as monomers and separately utilizing the Zulaufverfaren (ZL) and Zutropfverfaren (ZT) methods to synthesize different types of lignin dehydrogenation polymers (DHPs) including guaiacyl (G)-ZL-DHP, G-ZT-DHP, syringyl (S)-ZL-DHP, and S-ZT-DHP. The investigation highlights the chemical bonds as essential components of lignin primary structure. Additionally, the secondary structure is influenced by branched and linear molecular structures. G unit provides some branching points, which are utilized and amplified in the ZL process of DHPs synthesis. The branched DHPs aggregate at the edge and form rod-like LNPs. While linear DHPs aggregate around the center, presenting polygonal LNPs. The study identifies that the branched LNPs, characterized by more surface charges and lower steric hindrance, can form a stable complex with chitin nanofibers. Emulsions with varying oil-to-water ratios were subsequently prepared, opening a new window for the application of LNPs in fields such as food and cosmetics.

关键词： Lignin branching points branching structure Linear structure Chitin nanofibers

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The MHD α²-dynamo, Z₂-graded pseudo-hermiticity, level crossings and exceptional points of branching type

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CZECHOSLOVAK JOURNAL OF PHYSICS 2004年第10期54卷 1075-1089页

作者： Günther, U Stefani, F Gerbeth, G Res Ctr Rossendorf Dept Magnetohydrodynam D-01314 Dresden Germany

The spectral branching behavior of the 2 x 2 operator matrix of the magneto-hydrodynamic alpha(2)-dynamo is analyzed numerically. Some qualitative aspects of level crossings are briefly discussed with the help of a simple toy model which is based on a Z(2)-graded-pseudo-Hermitian 2 x 2 matrix. The considered issues comprise: the underlying SU(1, 1) symmetry and the Krein space structure of the system, exceptional points of branching type and diabolic points, as well as the algebraic and geometric multiplicity of corresponding degenerate eigenvalues.

关键词： MHD dynamo non-Hermitian operators discrete symmetries Krein space level crossings branching points singularities

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Variational transition state theory as a tool to determine kinetic selectivity in reactions involving a valley-ridge inflection point

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2004年第40期126卷 13089-13094页

作者： González-Lafont, A Moreno, M Lluch, JM Univ Autonoma Barcelona Dept Quim E-08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain

Variational transition state theory has been used to calculate the kinetic isotope effects affecting product ratios in the reaction between O-1(2) and d(6)-tetramethylethylene. The minimum energy path on the potential energy surface for this process reaches a valley-ridge inflection point and then bifurcates leading to the two final products. Using canonical variational transition state theory, two distinct dynamical bottlenecks were located corresponding to the H- and the D-abstraction, respectively. The calculated KIE at 263 K turns out to be 1.126. Analogously, a H/T KIE of 1.17 at the same temperature has been found for the reaction of O-1(2) with the tritiated derivative of tetramethylethylene.

关键词： MULTIDIMENSIONAL TUNNELING CONTRIBUTIONS UNIFIED STATISTICAL-MODEL POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES JAHN-TELLER INSTABILITY REACTION-PATH branching points TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE SINGLET OXYGEN DYNAMICS MECHANISMS

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Nonlinear deformations of spherical panels subjected to transversal load action

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COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING 2005年第27-29期194卷 3108-3126页

作者： Krysko, VA Awrejcewicz, J Komarov, SA Tech Univ Lodz Dept Automat & Biomect PL-90924 Lodz Poland Tech Univ Saratov Dept Math Saratov 41005 Russia

Nonlinear behaviour of flexible shallow rectangular spherical panels subjected to a uniformly distributed transversal load is analysed. Detection of bifurcation points and construction of bifurcation branches on a 'load-deflection' characteristic are mainly addressed. The proposed algorithm is based on a set-up method. Geometrical parameters of shallow shells bifurcations are estimated numerically, and an evolution of bifurcation diagrams vs geometrical parameters k(x), k(y) is traced. An increase of geometrical parameters yields an increase of the set of solutions. Besides symmetrical ones, unsymmetrical solutions are detected, illustrated, and discussed as well. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： spherical panels bifurcation symmetric and unsymmetric solutions branching points

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