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作者： Hardman, Owen Russell Virginia Tech | University

The security of powerful systems and large networks is often addressed through complex defenses. While these types of defenses offer increased security, they are resource intensive and therefore impractical to implement on many new classes of networked systems, such as mobile phones and small, embedded network infrastructure devices. To provide security for these systems, new defenses must be created that provide highly efficient security. The Moving Target IPv6 Defense (MT6D) is a network layer moving target defense that dynamically changes Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) addresses mid-session while still maintaining continuous communication. MT6D was originally written in Python language, but this implementation suffers from severe performance limitations. By translating MT6D from Python to c and taking advantage of operating system specific application programming interfaces (APIs) and optimizations, MT6D can become a viable defense for resource constrained systems. The Python version of MT6D is analyzed initially to determine what functions might be performance bottlenecks that could be performed more efficiently using c. Based on this analysis, specific parts of the Python version are identified for improvement in the c version by either using functionality of the Linux kernel and network stack or by reworking the code in a more efficient way. After this analysis, the information gathered about the Python version is used to write the c version, using methods specific to a moving target defense to capture, analyze, modify, and tunnel packets. Finally, tests are designed and run to compare the performance of the Python and c versions.

关键词： IPv6 Moving Target Defense Optimizing Python c Thesis

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Fuzzy Logic Strategy for Solving an Optimal control Problem of Therapeutic Hepatitis c Virus Dynamics

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2015年第9期5卷 527-541页

作者： Jean Marie Ntaganda Mahamat Saleh Daoussa Haggar Benjamin Mampassi College of Science and Technology School of Sciences Department of Mathematics University of Rwanda Butare Rwanda Department of Mathematics Faculty of Exact and Applied Sciences N’Djamena University N’Djamena Chad Department of Mathematics Faculty of Sciences and Technology Dakar University Dakar Senegal

This paper aims at the development of an approach integrating the fuzzy logic strategy for a therapeutic hepatitis c virus dynamics optimal control problem. To test the efficiency of this strategy, the authors propose a numerical comparison with the direct method by taking the values of determinant parameters of this disease for people administrating the drugs. The results are in good agreement with experimental data.

关键词： Fuzzy Logic Optimal control Membership Function Membership Degree Hepatitis c Virus Uninfected Hepatocytes Infected Hepatocytes Numerical Simulation

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c 14 -Polyacetylene glucosides from codonopsis pilosula

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Journal of Asian Natural Products Research 2015年第6期17卷 601-614页

作者： Yue-Ping Jiang Yu-Feng Liu Qing-Lan Guo Zhi-Bo Jiang cheng-Bo Xu cheng-Gen Zhu Yong-chun Yang Sheng Lin Jian-Gong Shi State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050 China

Seven new c 14 -polyacetylene glucosides codonopilodiynosides A–G ( 1 – 7 ) were isolated from an aqueous extract of the codonopsis pilosula roots. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods as (–)-(5 S ,6 E ,12 E )-tetradeca-6,12-dien-8,10-diyn-1,5,14-triol 5- O -β- d -glucopyranoside ( 1 ), (–)-(5 S ,6 E ,12 E )-tetradeca-6,12-dien-8,10-diyn-1,5,14-triol 5- O -β- d -glucopyranosyl-(1″ → 2′)-β- d -glucopyranoside ( 2 ), (–)-(5 S ,6 E ,12 E )-tetradeca-6,12-dien-8,10-diyn-1,5,14-triol 5,14-di- O -β- d -glucopyranoside ( 3 ), (–)-(5 S ,6 E )-tetradeca-6-en-8,10-diyn-1,5,14-triol 5- O -β- d -glucopyranoside ( 4 ), (–)-(5 S ,6 E ,12 E )-tetradeca-6,12-dien-8,10-diyn-1,5-diol 5- O -β- d -glucopyranosyl-(1″ → 2′)-β- d -glucopyranoside ( 5 ), (–)-(6 S ,4 E ,12 E )-tetradeca-4,12-dien-8,10-diyn-1,6-diol 6- O -β- d -glucopyranosyl-(1″ → 2′)-β- d -glucopyranoside ( 6 ), and (–)-(5 S ,6 E )-tetradeca-6-en-1,5-epoxy-8,10-diyn-14-ol 14- O -β- d -glucopyranosyl-(1″ → 2′)-β- d -glucopyranoside ( 7 ), respectively. The absolute configurations of 1 – 7 were assigned by enzymatic hydrolysis followed by isolation of glucose and aglycones ( 1a and 4a – 7a ), and subsequent comparison of specific rotation, TLc, and 1 H NMR data of the glucose with an authentic sugar sample and application of modified Mosher's method based on the MPA determination rule of Δδ RS values for 1a and 4a, and Δδ S values for 6a . The configuration of 7 was assigned by electronic circular dichroism calculations based on the quantum-mechanical time-dependent density functional theory.

关键词： campanulaceae codonopsis pilosula codonopilodiynosides A–G c 14 -polyacetylene glucosides absolute configuration

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Higher Endogenous Erythropoietin Levels in Hemodialysis Patients with Hepatitis c Virus Infection and Effect on Anemia

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2015年第2期5卷 29-34页

作者： Karima Boubaker Madiha Mahfoudhi Amel Gaieb Battikh Azza Bounemra chokri Maktouf Adel Kheder Department of Internal Medicine A Charles Nicolle Hospital Tunis Tunisia Cellular Immunology Blood Transfusion Center Tunis Tunisia Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Research Department Pasteur institute Tunis Tunisia

Study for influence of chronic Hepatitis c (HcV) on endogenous erythropoietin production and on anemia in dialysis patients remains inconclusive. We hypothesize that chronic hemodialysis patients with co-existing Hepatitis c infection will have higher hemoglobin levels than chronic hemodialysis patients without hepatitis c infection. Secondly, we hypothesize that the higher hemoglobin levels will be associated with higher erythropoietin levels. Therefore we conducted a cross-sectional study of chronic hemodialysis patients with and without hepatitis c infection and evaluated associations with hemoglobin and erythropoietin levels. Our primary outcome was level of hemoglobin. Secondary outcome included association of hemoglobin and erythropoietin levels. 57 chronic hemodialysis patients (33 male, 24 female, mean age 46.05 ± 12.7 years) were included. The mean time spent on hemodialysis was 7.16 ± 6.2 years. None of the patients received any recombinant EPO therapy. Biochemical analyses include ALT, AST, Albumin, c-Reactive Protein, cholesterol levels and complete blood counts. Iron status of patients (transferrin saturation and serum ferritin levels) and parathyroid hormone were measured. Endogenous EPO serum levels were measured by a standardized enzyme-linked immunoassay. 23 of the hemodialysed patients (38.5%) were HcV (+). There was no difference in age, sex, distribution of primary renal diseases, iron status, albumin, c-Reactive-Protein and parathyroid hormone levels between HcV (+) and (-) patients. Mean duration time on dialysis was higher in HcV (+) than HcV (-) patients. Hemoglobin levels were similar between study groups. However serum endogenous erythropoietin levels were significantly higher in HcV (+) patients than HcV (-) patients (19.6 ± 10 mUI/ml vs 7.8 ± 7.7 mUI/ml, p = 0.03). No correlation has been found between the severity of anemia and HcV infection. However, HcV (+) hemodialysed patients had higher serum endogenous erythropoietin levels as comp

关键词： Anemia Hepatitis c Hemodialysis Erythropoietin

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Higher-order Discrete Adjoint ODE Solver in c++ for Dynamic Optimization

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Procedia computer Science 2015年 51卷 256-265页

作者： Johannes Lotz Uwe Naumann Ralf Hannemann-Taḿas Tobias Ploch Alexander Mitsos RWTH Aachen Software and Tools for Computational Engineering Aachen Germany RWTH Aachen Process Systems Engineering Aachen Germany

Parametric ordinary differential equations (ODE) arise in many engineering applications. We consider ODE solutions to be embedded in an overall objective function which is to be minimized, e.g. for parameter estimation. For derivative-based optimization algorithms adjoint methods should be used. In this article, we present a discrete adjoint ODE integration framework written in c + + (NIXE 2.0) combined with Algorithmic Differentiation by overloading (dco/c + +). All required derivatives, i.e. Jacobians for the integration as well as gradients and Hessians for the optimization, are generated automatically. With this framework, derivatives of arbitrary order can be implemented with minimal programming effort. The practicability of this approach is demonstrated in a dynamic parameter estimation case study for a batch fermentation process using sequential method of dynamic optimization. Ipopt is used as the optimizer which requires second derivatives.

关键词： Adjoints ODE Algorithmic Differentiation Dynamic Optimization c + +

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Antiviral therapies for chronic hepatitis c virus infection with cirrhosis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第8期7卷 1133-1141页

作者： Shingo Nakamoto Tatsuo Kanda Hiroshi Shirasawa Osamu Yokosuka Depart-ment of Gastroenterology and Nephrology Chiba UniversityGraduate School of Medicine Department of Molecular Virology Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine

Patients who are infected with hepatitis c virus(HcV) and also have advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis have beenrecognized as "difficult-to-treat" patients during an era when peginterferon and ribavirin combination therapy is the standard of care. Recent guidelines have clearly stated that treatment should be prioritized in this population to prevent complications such as decompensation and hepatocellular carcinoma. Recent advances in the treatment of chronic hepatitis c have been achieved through the development of direct-acting antiviral agents(DAAs). Boceprevir and telaprevir are first-generation DAAs that inhibit the HcV NS3/4A protease. Boceprevir or telaprevir, in combination with peginterferon and ribavirin, improved the sustained virological response rates compared with peginterferon and ribavirin alone and were tolerated in patients with HcV genotype 1 infection without cirrhosis or compensated cirrhosis. However, the efficacy is lower especially in prior non-responders with or without cirrhosis. Furthermore, a high incidence of adverse events was observed in patients with advanced liver disease, including cirrhosis, in real-life settings. current guidelines in the United States and in some European countries no longer recommend these regimens for the treatment of HcV. Next-generation DAAs include second-generation HcV NS3/4A protease inhibitors, HcV NS5 A inhibitors and HcV NS5 B inhibitors, which have a high efficacy and a lower toxicity. These drugs are used in interferon-free or in interferon-based regimens with or without ribavirin in combination with different classes of DAAs. Interferon-based regimens, such as simeprevir in combination with peginterferon and ribavirin, are well tolerated and are highly effective especially in treatmentnave patients and in patients who received treatment but who relapsed. The efficacy is less pronounced in nullresponders and in patients with cirrhosis. Interferonfree regimens in combination with ribavirin and/or two or mo

关键词： Hepatitis c virus Hepatocellular carcinoma Interferon-free regimen Liver cirrhosis Direct-actingantiviral agent

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Two Grams BID Is an Oral Dosage of Vitamin c to Reduce the Risk of Recurrence of Superficial Bladder carcinoma

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Journal of cancer Therapy 2015年第2期6卷 169-176页

作者： Edward Folk Tracy M. Downs Alfred Roc Ordman Beloit College Biochemistry Program Beloit USA Department of Urology UW-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison USA Beloit College Beloit USA

Background: continuous exposure to millimolar (mM) Vitamin c (AA) in vitro kills cancer cells. For superficial bladder carcinoma (SBc), standard chemotherapy is instillation of Bacillus calmette-Guerin. The recurrence rate with this therapy is 91%. But high dosage vitamins including AA reduced the recurrence to 41%. Aim: To determine the oral dosage of AA that causes the highest concentration of AA [AA] in the bladder. Method: We conducted a clinical trial of 14 people who took various dosages of AA, and analyzed the [AA] in their urine. Results: AA above 2 g twice a day was not absorbed. But that intake produced a bladder [AA] above 1 mM in all participants. conclusion: Taking 2 g of AA BID will increase [AA] in the bladder to a level likely to kill cancer cells that cause SBc. Taking that dosage 2 consecutive days a week is likely to reduce the recurrence rate of SBc substantially.

关键词： cancer Vitamin c LUTS Superficial Bladder carcinoma

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Natural interferon-beta treatment for patients with chronic hepatitis c in Japan

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第8期7卷 1125-1132页

作者： Reina Sasaki Tatsuo Kanda Shingo Nakamoto Yuki Haga Masato Nakamura Shin Yasui Xia Jiang Shuang Wu Makoto Arai Osamu Yokosuka Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine

chronic hepatitis c virus(HcV) infection can cause liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma(Hcc). Several studies have demonstrated that the eradication of HcV reduces the occurrence of Hcc. In Japan, as many people live to an advanced age, HcV-infected patients are also getting older, and the age at Hcc diagnosis has also increased. Although older HcV-infected patients have a risk of developing Hcc, the treatment response to peginterferon-alpha plus ribavirin therapy is relatively poor in these patients because of drop-out or discontinuation of this treatment due to adverse events. It is established that the mechanism of action between interferon-alpha and interferon-beta is slightly different. Short-term natural interferon-beta monotherapy is effective for patients with acute hepatitis c and patients infected with HcV genotype 2 and low viral loads. Natural interferon-beta plus ribavirin for 48 wk or for 24 wk are also effective for some patients with HcV genotype 1 or HcV genotype 2. Natural interferon-beta plus ribavirin has been used for certain "difficult-totreat" HcV-infected patients. In the era of direct-acting anti-virals, natural interferon-beta plus ribavirin may be one of the therapeutic options for special groups of HcV-infected patients. In the near future, signal transduction pathways of interferon-beta will inform further directions.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatitis c virus Interferon-beta Interferon resistance Ribavirin

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Polyphenols, carotenoids, Vitamin c content in Tropical Fruits and Vegetables and Impact of Processing Methods

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2015年第3期6卷 299-313页

作者： Emy Njoh Ellong corinne Billard Sandra Adenet Katia Rochefort P&ocircle Agroalimentaire Régional de Martinique (P.A.R.M.) Habitation Petit Morne No 375 97232 Le Lamentin Martinique France

Thirty-five fruits and seventeen vegetables from Martinique were evaluated for total phenol content (TPc), Vitamin c and carotenoid content. TPc, Vitamin c and carotenoid contents ranged from 11.7 to 978.6 mg/100g, 0.1 to 2853.8 mg/100g and 9.7 to 9269.7 μg/100g respectively. Fruits and vegetables from Martinique have equivalent or higher TPc, Vitamin c and carotenoid contents than fruits and vegetables from temperate climates. cashew apple had high values for all three parameters (55.8 mg/100g of Vitamin c, 603 mg/100g of TPc and 924 μg/100g of carotenoids). Bassignac mango and mamey apple had the highest carotenoid contents, with 3800.3 and 3199.7 μg/100g respectively. Acerola had the highest Vitamin c and polyphenol contents with 2853.8 μg/100g and 727.4 mg/100g respectively. Pigeon peas had high values for all three parameters (569.2 mg/100g of Vitamin c, 978.6 mg/100g of TPc and 364.3 μg/100g of carotenoids). Pumpkin and watercress had the highest carotenoid content, with 9269.7 and 4339 μg/100g respectively. TPc, Vitamin c and carotenoid content were significantly impacted by processing techniques. TPc, Vitamin c and carotenoid contents decreased by up to 75.78%, 100% and 70.18% respectively, depending on the processing technique used.

关键词： Martinique Fruits and Vegetables Total Polyphenols Vitamin c carotenoids Technology Process Food composition Food Analysis Nutritional Quality

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Application for Testing of Video and Subtitle Synchronization 3

Application for Testing of Video and Subtitle Synchronizatio...

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3rd IEEE International conference on Smart Systems and Technologies (SST)

作者： Kedacic, Davor Herceg, Marijan Pekovic, Vukota Mihic, Velibor RT RK Inst Comp Based Syst Osijek Croatia Fac Elect Engn Comp Sci & Informat Technol Osijek Croatia RT RK Inst Comp Based Syst Novi Sad Serbia

ISBN: (纸本)9781538671894

The Hybrid Broadcast Broadband Television (HbbTV) has become very popular in the last few years because it provides richer and more interactive viewing experience to the end user. To obtain a HbbTV certificate, a device must satisfy some rules and norms. One of these rules is the subtitle and video synchronization of a given video content. Therefore, in this paper, a new application for checking the subtitle and video content synchronization is proposed. The algorithm is written in the programming language c and it consists of three modules. These modules are modules for reading XML files, a module for the video frame analysis, and report generation module.

关键词： HbbTV BBT subtitle frame QR c

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