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Treatment of chronic hepatitis c in patients with HIV/HcV coinfection

World Journal of Virology 2015年第1期4卷 1-12页

作者： Nicola coppola Salvatore Martini Mariantonietta Pisaturo caterina Sagnelli Pietro Filippini Evangelista Sagnelli Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine Section of Infectious DiseasesSecond University of Naples Division of Infectious Diseases AORN Sant’Anna e San Sebastiano di Caserta Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Surgery "F.Magrassi e A.Lanzara" Second University of Naples

Hepatitis c virus(HcV) infection is one of the mostfrequent causes of comorbidity and mortality in the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) population, and liver-related mortality is now the second highest cause of death in HIV-positive patients, so HcV infection should be countered with adequate antiviral therapy. In 2011 began the era of directly acting antivirals(DAAs) and the HcV NS3/4A protease inhibitors telaprevir and boceprevir were approved to treat HcV-genotype-1 infection, each one in combination with pegylated interferon alfa(Peg-IFN) + ribavirin(RBV). The addition of the first generation DAAs, strongly improved the efficacy of antiviral therapy in patients with HcVgenotype 1, both for the HcV-monoinfected and HIV/HcV coinfected, and the poor response to Peg-IFN + RBV in HcV/HIV coinfection was enhanced. These treatments showed higher rates of sustained virological response than Peg-IFN + RBV but reduced tolerability and adherence due to the high pill burden and the several pharmacokinetic interactions between HcV NS3/4A protease inhibitors and antiretroviral drugs. Then in 2013 a new wave of DAAs arrived, characterized by high efficacy, good tolerability, a low pill burden and shortened treatment duration. The second and third generation DAAs also comprised IFN-free regimens, which in small recent trials on HIV-positive patients have shown comforting preliminary results in terms of efficacy, tolerability and adherence.

关键词： Hepatitis c virus infection Human immunodeficiency virus infection Anti-hepatitis c virus treatment Directly acting antivirals HIV/HcV coinfection chronic hepatitis c

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水肥耦合效应对楸树苗木叶片δ^(13)c的影响

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西北植物学报 2015年第11期35卷 2290-2298页

作者：邱权李吉跃王军辉何茜苏艳马建伟吴俊文白晶晶华南农业大学林学与风景园林学院广州510642 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所国家林业局林木培育重点实验室北京100091 甘肃省小陇山林业科学研究所甘肃天水741022

以楸树(catalpa bungei)无性系004-1苗木为研究对象,采用三因素五水平二次回归通用旋转组合设计进行盆栽试验,通过测定6、7和8月份20个处理楸树苗木叶片碳同位素组成δ^(13)c、总氮含量和总磷含量,建立数学模型,分析土壤水分、施氮量和... 详细信息

以楸树(catalpa bungei)无性系004-1苗木为研究对象,采用三因素五水平二次回归通用旋转组合设计进行盆栽试验,通过测定6、7和8月份20个处理楸树苗木叶片碳同位素组成δ^(13)c、总氮含量和总磷含量,建立数学模型,分析土壤水分、施氮量和施磷量的主因子效应、单因素效应及其耦合效应对叶片δ^(13)c的影响,以及叶片碳同位素组成δ^(13)c与其总氮含量和总磷含量的关系。结果表明:(1)楸树苗木叶片δ^(13)c存在明显的月动态变化特征,总体上呈现出6月份高于7、8月份的趋势,20个处理苗木叶片δ^(13)c平均值(6~8月)变化范围介于-29.12‰^-26.60‰之间;(2)土壤水分对叶片δ^(13)c有显著负效应,施氮量对叶片δ^(13)c有显著正效应,并且施氮量主效应大于土壤水分主效应,但施磷量对叶片δ^(13)c无显著主效应;单因素效应分析表明,楸树苗木叶片δ^(13)c随土壤水分或施氮量的增加均呈先增加后减小的"抛物线型"关系;土壤水分×施N量对楸树苗木叶片δ^(13)c有显著耦合负效应,土壤水分和施氮量耦合效应图表明,叶片δ^(13)c随土壤水分降低、施氮量增加而逐渐增加;(3)6月、7月和8月份楸树苗木叶片δ^(13)c与其叶片总氮含量均呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05;n=100),但叶片δ^(13)c与总磷含量无显著相关关系(P>0.05;n=100)。研究认为,楸树苗木叶片碳同位素组成δ^(13)c随生长期表现出动态变化特征,它受到土壤水分、水氮耦合的显著负向影响,以及施氮量的显著正向影响,可以通过合理水肥配施措施大幅提高楸树苗木δ^(13)c。

关键词：水肥耦合效应碳同位素组成δ^13 c 叶片养分数学模型楸树

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Update on hepatitis B and c virus diagnosis

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World Journal of Virology 2015年第4期4卷 323-342页

作者： Livia Melo Villar Helena Medina cruz Jakeline Ribeiro Barbosa cristianne Sousa Bezerra Moyra Machado Portilho Letícia de Paula Scalioni Viral Hepatitis Laboratory Oswaldo Cruz Institute Oswaldo Cruz Foundation

Viral hepatitis B and c virus(HBV and HcV) are responsible for the most of chronic liver disease worldwide and are transmitted by parenteral route, sexual and vertical transmission. One important measure to reduce the burden of these infections is the diagnosis of acute and chronic cases of HBV and HcV. In order to provide an effective diagnosis and monitoring of antiviral treatment, it is important to choose sensitive, rapid, inexpensive, and robust analytical methods. Primary diagnosis of HBV and HcV infection is made by using serological tests for detecting antigens and antibodies against these viruses. In order to confirm primary diagnosis, to quantify viral load, to determine genotypes and resistance mutants for antiviral treatment, qualitative and quantitative molecular tests are used. In this manuscript, we review the current serological and molecular methods for the diagnosis of hepatitis B and c.

关键词： Diagnostic methods Genotypes Hepatitis B virus Molecular diagnostic techniques Serological tests Hepatitis c virus

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stdcbench A Benchmark for Small Systems 18

stdcbench A Benchmark for Small Systems

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21st International Workshop on Software and compilers for Embedded Systems (ScOPES)

作者： Krause, Philipp Klaus Albert Ludwigs Univ Freiburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450357807

Benchmark programs are useful for measuring performance. Benchmarks written in c effectively benchmark the performance of a c implementation consisting of hardware, compiler and standard library. For small systems (i.e. systems with just a few KB of memory) threewell-known and widely used benchmarks are Whetstone, Dhrystone and coremark. However, all three have their shortcomings. Whetstone scores depend heavily on the performance of floating-point functions from the standard library. Dhrystone scores depend heavily on the performance of just a few string processing functions from the standard library. coremark intentionally avoids using the standard library and the scores heavily depend on the performance of matrix multiplications. All three thus highly depend on a single aspect of the c implementation each, so that optimizations targeting that aspect have a huge effect on scores. stdcbench is a benchmark for small systems that tries to give a more balanced reflection of performance. It is intended to be usable for a wide range of c implementations for small systems. We present the design of stdcbench, and discuss a few benchmark results also in comparison to Dhrystone and coremark.

关键词： benchmark stdcbench Dhrystone coremark embedded systems microcontrollers c

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Sensitive determination of uric acid by using graphene quantum dots as a new substrate for immobilisation of uric oxidase

Sensitive determination of uric acid by using graphene quant...

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1st International conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IcNAN)

作者： Yu, Hong-Wei Zhang, Ze Shen, Tao Jiang, Jing-Hui chang, Dong Pan, Hong-Zhi Fudan Univ Shanghai Pudong Hosp Dept Clin Lab Pudong Med Ctr 2800 Gongwei Rd Shanghai 201399 Peoples R China Fudan Univ Shanghai Pudong Hosp Dept Outpatient Dept Pudong Med Ctr 2800 Gongwei Rd Shanghai 201399 Peoples R China Harbin Med Univ Affiliated Hosp 1 23 Youzheng St Harbin 150001 Heilongjiang Peoples R China Shanghai Univ Med & Hlth Sci 279 Zhouzhu Rd Shanghai 201318 Peoples R China

A novel strategy for highly sensitive electrochemical detection of uric acid (UA) was proposed based on graphene quantum dots (GQDs), GQDs were introduced as a suitable substrate for enzyme immobilisation. Uric oxidase (UOx) was immobilised on GQDs modified glassy carbon electrode (GcE). Transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques were used for characterising the electrochemical biosensor. The developed biosensor responds efficiently to UA presence over the concentration linear range 1-800M with the detection limit 0.3M. This novel biosensing platform based on UOx/GQDs electrode responded even more sensitively than that based on GcE modified by UOx alone. The inexpensive, reliable and sensitive sensing platform based on UOx/GQDs electrode provides wide potential applications in clinical.

关键词： organic compounds graphene devices quantum dots enzymes biosensors biochemistry electrochemical electrodes electrochemical sensors transmission electron microscopy scanning electron microscopy voltammetry (chemical analysis) electrochemical impedance spectroscopy nanomedicine molecular biophysics sensitive uric acid determination graphene quantum dots uric oxidase immobilisation electrochemical detection GQD enzyme immobilisation glassy carbon electrode GcE transmission electron microscope scanning electron microscopy cyclic voltammetry electrochemical impedance spectroscopy electrochemical biosensor c

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Pharmaceutical management of hepatitis B and c in liver and kidney transplant recipients

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2015年第4期6卷 105-110页

作者： chrysoula Pipili Evangelos cholongitas Division of Nephrology Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh 4th Department of Internal Medicine Medical School of Aristotle University Hippokration General Hospital of Thessaloniki

The combination of hepatitis B immune globulin with entecavir or tenofovir(at least for a certain period of time) seems to be the most reasonable prophylaxis against recurrent hepatitis B after liver transplantation. Entecavir represents an attractive option for treatment of na?ve kidney transplant recipients, because of its high efficacy and the low rates of resistance. However antiviral treatment should be individualized in the view of kidney function and the previous resistance. To date, new captivating therapeutic strategies could make interferon-free regimens viable for treatment of hepatitis c virus positive liver transplant recipients. The recent combinations of sofosbuvir with simeprevir or daclatasvir or ledipasvir plus/minus ribavirin have boosted the on treatment and sustained virological response to rates approaching 100% within liver transplant recipients with recurrent chronic hepatitis c(cHc). Preliminary data showed that the second generation direct oral antivirals could result to high treatment rates of recurrent cHc in kidney transplant recipients as well. Ongoing studies will clarify the optimal treatment of recurrent cHc in kidney transplant recipients.

关键词： Viral hepatitis Hepatitis c recurrence Hepatitis B

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c-Terminal Modification of Fully Unprotected Peptide Hydrazides

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Synfacts 2016年第6期12卷 0584-0584页

作者： Timothy M. Swager Vera Schröder

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Assessment of Usual Fruit, Vegetable and Vitamin c Intakes in a Sample of Egyptian children: Pilot Study

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2015年第10期6卷 923-934页

作者： Laila Hussein Nehad Hassan Mahmoud Mohamad Sahar Abdel Aziz Department of Nutrition National Research Center Giza Egypt

The objective was to create an Egyptian database on the contributors of fruit and vegetables in the diets of preschool children and to estimate the usual daily intakes of fruits, vegetables and vitamin c. A total of 59 healthy boys and girls aged 2.5 - 6 years attending day care centers in urban Giza governorate completed the study by interviewing their mothers on 6x non-consecutive days using the 24 h dietary recall. Participants were classified according to age, gender and socioeconomic class. Prevalence of daily consumptions of fruits and vegetables amounted to 22% and 54%, respectively of the total children. The daily intakes of fruits and vegetables averaged 117.5 and 56.4 g, respectively. The consumption of different types of fruits and vegetables was unevenly distributed by different personal and social variables. Estimated daily vitamin c supply from the diet was 38 mg per child, which satisfied the respective recommended nutrient intake (RNI) of 30 mg for the first six years of life. However, the diet of 15% of the children covered less than 75% of RNI. Top fruits contributing to vitamin c were oranges, guava, watermelon, pears and grapes. Extra foods such as chipsy was consumed by 81% of the children, contributed 18% to daily vitamin c supply and also 58.6 mg sodium. A multilevel intervention strategy is warranted for promoting daily fruit and vegetable intake and healthy eating in early childhood.

关键词： children Aged 2.5 - 6 Years Fruit & Vegetable Intakes Vitamin c Intake Health Problems & Vit c Deficiency

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Variables Associated with cirrhosis Diagnosis in Patients with chronic Hepatitis c: A case-control Study

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Health 2015年第12期7卷 1634-1641页

作者： Gilmar Amorim de Sousa Iris do céu clara costa Dyego Leandro Bezerra de Souza Fabia Barbosa de Andrade Lívia Medeiros Soares celani Ranna Santos Pessoa Marlon césar de Souza Filho Daniel Fernandes Mello de Oliveira Luana Lopes de Medeiros Lucila Samara Dantas de Oliveira Maria Flávia Monteiro The Integrated Department of Medicine Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte UFRN Natal Brazil The Post-Graduate Program in Collective Health of UFRN Natal Brazil Gastroenterology Program of the University Hospital Onofre Lopes/UFRN Natal Brazil The Medical School of UFRN Natal Brazil

The diagnosis of liver cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis c has not always been easy, since the gold standard method is the liver biopsy, which is an invasive procedure with interobserver accuracy problems and there have been reports of complications including records of deaths due to hemoperitoneum. cirrhosis changes the prognosis of the subject with hepatitis c and requires a different clinical management. This study aimed to identify clinical and laboratory variables associated with the diagnosis of cirrhosis in the ultrasonography of patients infected with hepatitis c. In a case-control study, we evaluated 70 cirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis c compared to a control group of 70 non-cirrhotic people with positive HcV. The results showed, through logistic regression analysis, that the variables blood donor and professional athlete, adjusted for alcohol consumption, showed OR 0.24 and 0.18, with p values of 0.044 and 0.035, respectively. We conclude that the diagnosis of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis c remains challenging, but the patients with the condition of blood donor or professional athlete prove to be less likely to cirrhosis in ultrasonography in the initial consultation.

关键词： cirrhosis Biomakers Fibrosis Hepatitis c Virus clinical Diagnosis Biopsy Non-Invasive Methods Scores Ultrasonography

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Antiproliferative Activity of Acerogenin c, a Macrocyclicdiarylheptanoid, on PDGF-Induced Human Aortic Smooth Muscle cells Proliferation

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2015年第2期6卷 47-55页

作者： Byung-Yoon cha Wen Lei Shi Kotaro Watanabe Takayuki Yonezawa Toshiaki Teruya Kiyotake Kiyotake Yuichi Ishikawa Shigeru Nishiyama Kazuo Nagai Je-Tae Woo Research Institute for Biological Functions Chubu University Matsumoto Japan Department of Biological Chemistry Chubu University Matsumoto Japan Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Keio University Yokohama Japan

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB is one of the most potent factors in the development and progression of various vascular disorders, such as atherosclerosis and restenosis. PDGF is a major stimulant for vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMcs) proliferation via the mitogenesis signaling pathway. In the present study, we investigated the effect of acerogenin c, a macrocyclicdiarylhep-tanoid, on PDGF-BB-stimulated human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMcs) proliferation. Acer-ogenin c significantly inhibited PDGF (20 ng/mL)-BB-induced [3H]-thymidine incorporation into DNA at concentrations of 0.1, 1 and 10 μM without any cytotoxicity. Acerogenin c also blocked PDGF-BB-stimulated phosphorylation of PLcγ1 and Akt but had no effect on extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and PDGF beta-receptor (Rβ) activation. In addition, acerogenin c (0.1 - 10 μM) induced cell-cycle arrest in the G1 phase, which was associated with the down-regulation of cyclins and the up-regulation of p27kip1. These results suggest that acerogenin c blocks PDGF-BB-stimulated HASMcs proliferation via G0/G1 arrest in association with the induction of p27kip1 and the suppression of PLcγ1 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K)/Akt signaling pathways. Furthermore, acerogenin c may be used for prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis during restenosis after coronary angioplasty.

关键词： HASMcs Acerogenin c PDGF-BB p27kip1 cell cycle

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