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Mechanical and thermal physical properties, and thermal shock behavior of (ZrB 2 + Sic) reinforced Zr 3 [Al(Si)] 4 c 6 composite prepared by in situ hot-pressing

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Journal of Alloys and compounds 2015年 619卷 338-344页

作者： Lei Yu Yongbao Feng Jian Yang Tai Qiu Limei Pan College of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 210009 China

The mechanical and thermal physical properties, as well as thermal shock behavior of in situ hot-pressed 30 vol.% (ZrB 2 + Sic)/Zr 3 [Al(Si)] 4 c 6 composite have been investigated and compared with monolithic Zr 3 [Al(Si)] 4 c 6 ceramic. The composite shows superior hardness (Vickers hardness of 17.5 GPa), stiffness (Young’s modulus of 418 GPa), strength (room-temperature bending strength of 648 MPa, and high-temperature bending strength of 439 MPa at 1300 °c in air), and toughness (fracture toughness of 7.69 MPa m 1/2 ) compared with Zr 3 [Al(Si)] 4 c 6 . The composite can retain a high modulus of 362 GPa at 1350 °c (87% of that at ambient temperature). In addition, the composite exhibits higher specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity but slightly lower coefficient of thermal expansion compared with Zr 3 [Al(Si)] 4 c 6 . The critical thermal shock temperature difference (Δ T c ) increases from 225 °c for Zr 3 [Al(Si)] 4 c 6 to 345 °c for the composite, and the calculation results of thermal shock resistance parameters also indicate a much improved thermal shock resistance of the composite.

关键词： (ZrB 2 + Sic)/Zr 3 [Al(Si)] 4 c 6 Mechanical properties Thermal conductivity Thermal shock resistance Ultra high-temperature ceramics (UHTcs)

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Facile one-pot hydrothermal synthesis of stable and biocompatible fluorescent carbon dots from lemon grass herb

Facile one-pot hydrothermal synthesis of stable and biocompa...

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1st International conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IcNAN)

作者： Thota, Sai Praneeth Thota, Sai Manohar Bhagavatham, Saikrishna Srimadh Manoj, Kaja Sai Muthukumar, Vijaya Sayee Sai Venketesh, Sivaramakrishnan Vadlani, Praveen V. Belliraj, Siva Kumar Sri Sathya Sai Inst Higher Learning Dept Chem Res Mol Modelling Lab Prasanthinilayam 515134 Andhra Pradesh India Sri Sathya Sai Inst Higher Learning Dept Biosci Prasanthinilayam 515134 Andhra Pradesh India Sri Sathya Sai Inst Higher Learning Dept Phys Prasanthinilayam 515134 Andhra Pradesh India Kansas State Univ Dept Grain Sci & Ind Bioproc & Renewable Energy Lab Manhattan KS 66506 USA Kansas State Univ Dept Chem Engn Bioproc & Renewable Energy Lab Durland Hall Manhattan KS 66506 USA

Luminescent carbon-based nanomaterials hold great promise due to their stable photo-physical behaviour, biocompatibility and lower toxicity. This work involves economic and facile one-pot green synthesis of water-soluble nanostructures from lemon grass (LGNS) [cymbopogon citratus (Dc) Stapf] as carbon source. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy confirmed the formation of LGNS with lattice spacing of 0.23nm matching low-dimensional graphitic structures. The strong absorption exhibited at 278nm could be attributed to ?-states of sp(2)/sp(3) hybridisation in carbon nanostructures. Fluorescence spectroscopy of LGNS exhibited strong excitation-dependent emission properties over a broad range of wavelengths from 300 to 600nm. Quantitatively, these LGNS were estimated to have quantum yield of 23.3%. Biomass derived LGNS could be potentially exploited for wide variety of applications like bioimaging, up-conversion, drug delivery and optoelectronic devices. To this extent, synthesised LGNS were used to image yeast cells via multicolour/multi-excitation fluorescence imaging.

关键词： fluorescence carbon nanofabrication photoluminescence toxicology transmission electron microscopy cellular biophysics biomedical optical imaging nanomedicine biomedical materials microorganisms liquid phase deposition one-pot hydrothermal synthesis biocompatible fluorescent carbon dots lemon grass herb luminescent carbon-based nanomaterials stable photophysical behaviour toxicity water-soluble nanostructures carbon source high-resolution transmission electron microscopy low-dimensional graphitic structures hybridisation carbon nanostructures fluorescence spectroscopy excitation-dependent emission properties biomass derived LGNS bioimaging drug delivery optoelectronic devices yeast cell image multicolour-multiexcitation fluorescence imaging c

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New biomarkers for clinical management of hepatitis c virus infected patients

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World Journal of clinical Infectious Diseases 2015年第4期5卷 59-66页

作者： Alessandra Biasiolo Andrea Martini Patrizia Pontisso Department of Medicine University of Padua

Hepatocellular carcinoma(Hcc) is the third most frequent oncological cause of death worldwide, principally a consequence of hepatitis c virus(HcV) infection and its prognosis is mostly poor. For early identification and surveillance of HcV patients with liver disease progression, the availability of suitable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers is still an unmet clinical need. Alfa-fetoprotein together with imaging techniques is commonly used, however its specificity and sensitivity are not satisfactory. Several clinical and serological data have been proposed to define the risk of disease progression in HcV infected patients and new biomarkers have been proposed, including post-transcriptionally modified molecules and genetic biomarkers. The present editorial article attempts to summarize the current knowledge on the new promising tools for effective early diagnosis of HcV-related liver disease progression and for the surveillance of Hcc.

关键词： Hepatitis c virus infection Biomarkers Liver disease progression Hepatocellular carcinoma

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Assessing cardiovascular risk in hepatitis c: An unmet need

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第19期7卷 2214-2219页

作者： Javier Ampuero Manuel Romero-Gómez Intercentre Unit of Digestive Diseases Virgen Macarena - Virgen del Rocio University Hospitals

chronic hepatitis c virus(HcV) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, as a result of the progression towards cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Additionally, HcV seems to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases(cVD) due to its association with insulin resistance, diabetes and steatosis. HcV infection represents an initial step in the chronic inflammatory cascade, showing a direct rolein altering glucose metabolism. After achieving sustained virological response, the incidence of insulin resistance and diabetes dramatically decrease. HcV core protein plays an essential role in promoting insulin resistance and oxidative stress. On the other hand, atherosclerosis is a common disease in which the artery wall thickens due to accumulation of fatty deposits. The main step in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques is the oxidation of low density lipoprotein particles, together with the increased production of proinflammatory markers [tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin(IL)-6, IL-18 or c-reactive protein]. The advent of new direct acting antiviral therapy has dramatically increased the sustained virological response rates of hepatitis c infection. In this scenario, the cardiovascular risk has emerged and represents a major concern after the eradication of the virus. consequently, the number of studies evaluating this association is growing. Data derived from these studies have demonstrated the strong link between HcV infection and the atherogenic process, showing a higher risk of coronary heart disease, carotid atherosclerosis, peripheral artery disease and, ultimately, cVD-related mortality.

关键词： Hepatitis c Atherosclerosis coronary artery diseas

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A comparison of SOFA and NOVAS astrometric software libraries 5

A comparison of SOFA and NOVAS astrometric software librarie...

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conference on Software and cyberinfrastructure for Astronomy V

作者： Piascik, Andrzej S. copperwheat, christopher M. Lam, Marco c. Leckngam, Apichat Prasit, Apirat Prasit, Pakawat Smith, Robert J. Steele, Lain A. Liverpool John Moores Univ Astrophys Res Inst Liverpool L3 5RF Merseyside England Natl Astron Res Inst Thailand 260 Moo 4 Chiang Mai 50180 Thailand

ISBN: (数字)9781510619685

ISBN: (纸本)9781510619685

The preferred programming languages and operating systems used in writing and running astrometric software have changed over time. The Python language is now well supported by the scientific community which provides open-source standard libraries for astronomical calculation including Astropy(1), SciPy(2) and NumPy(3). We surveyed available open source astrometric libraries and compare IcRS coordinate to observation transforms using recent releases of c source code and Python wrappers from the IAU Standard of Fundamental Astronomy(4) (SOFA), against those using the US Naval Observatory Vector Astrometry Software(5) (NOVAS). The selection of an underlying operating system with long term support is also an important aspect of maintaining a working telescope control system. The installation and operation of the libraries under both Linux Ubuntu LTS (Long Term Support) and Windows 10 are explored.

关键词： Astrometry Software Transforms Programming Python c

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Hepatitis c: Treatment of difficult to treat patients

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第15期7卷 1953-1963页

作者： Eric G Hilgenfeldt Alex Schlachterman Roberto J Firpi Department of Internal Medicine University of Florida College of Medicine Department of Gastroen-terology Hepatology and Nutrition University of Florida College of Medicine Section of Hepatobiliary Diseases and Trans-plantation University of Florida

Over the past several years, more so recently, treatment options for hepatitis c virus(HcV) have seemed to exponentially grow. Up until recently, the regimen of pegylated interferon(peg-IFN) and ribavirin(RBV) stood as the standard of care. Direct acting antivirals, which target nonstructural proteins involved in replication and infection of HcV were first approved in 2011 as an addition to the peg-IFN and RBV regimen and with them have come increased sustained virological response rates(SVR). The previously reported 50%-70% SVR rates using the combination of peg-IFN and RBV are no longer the standard of care with direct acting antiviral(DAA) based regimens now achieving SVR of 70%-90%. PegIFN free as well as "all oral" regimens are also available. The current randomized controlled trials available show favorable SVRs in patients who are naive to treatment, non-cirrhotic, and not human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-co-infected. What about patients who do not fit into these categories? In this review, we aim to discuss the currently approved and soon to be approved DAAs while focusing on their roles in patients that are treatment experienced, cirrhotic, or co-infected with HIV. In this discussion, review of the clinical trials leading to recent consensus guidelines as well as discussion of barriers to treatment will occur. A case will attempt will be made that social services, including financial support and drug/alcohol treatment, should be provided to all HcV infected patients to improve chances of cure and thus prevention of late stage sequela.

关键词： Hepatitis c virus Direct acting antiviral Human immunodeficiency virus cirrhosis Treatmentexperienced

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Down Regulated Protein c Plasma Levels in the Absence of Factor V Leiden Mutation in HIV Patients: An Observational Study in Maiduguri, North-Eastern Nigeria

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World Journal of AIDS 2015年第2期5卷 76-82页

作者： Simon O. Obi Ballah Akawu Denue Ifeanyi chukwu O. Martin Marycelin M. Baba Grace I. Amilo Salihu Aliyu Kwayabura Obi Ejeatulu Department of Medical Lab Science College of Medicine University of Maiduguri Maiduguri Nigeria Department of Medicine University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital Maiduguri Nigeria Department of Immunology Faculty of Medicine Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Department of Haematology Faculty of Medicine Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital Maiduguri Nigeria Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria

Background: As life expectancy of HIV-infected patients increases with use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), protean haematologic manifestation including decreased activity of natural anticoagulants such as protein c may occur in the absence of genetic risk factors. Based on this preposition, we assessed the plasma level of protein c, and prevalence of factor V Leiden mutation among HIV-infected individuals. Our cohort consisted of 499 HIV-infected patients, of which 250 had AIDS, while 249 were either asymptomatic or had minor mucocutaneous infection consistent with WHO clinical stages I and II without features of AIDS. We also evaluated 251 healthy, HIV-negative subjects as controls. All participants were tested for plasma protein c levels and factor V Leiden (FVL) mutation (Arg 506 Gln) by automation and amplification created restriction enzyme site (AcRES) polymerase chain reaction, respectively. The prevalence of reduced protein c plasma levels among HIV positive patients was 20%;it was more prevalent among those that had AIDS compared with those without features of AIDS, but within WHO clinical stage I and II, (93.3% vs 6.7%) respectively. None of the control patients had either reduced protein c nor FVL mutation. All participants that demonstrated reduced protein c plasma levels demonstrated normal FVL genotype (1691G/G). conclusion: Decreased protein c plasma levels can occur in HIV-infected patients in the absence of factor V Leiden mutation. The risk increases with severity of the disease. Deranged protein c plasma level increases the risk of hypercoagulable state in patients with advanced HIV disease;it should be considered among the causes of thrombo embolism in this group of patients.

关键词： HIV Infection Protein c Factor V Leiden Mutation

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Inhibition of Hepatitis c Virus Genotype 1a Non-Structural Proteins by Small Interference RNA in Human Hepatoma cell Lines

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2015年第11期6卷 502-517页

作者： Imran Shahid Waleed Hassan AlMalki Shaia Saleh R. Almalki Ismail Muhammad AlTurkestany Hassan Ali AlGhamdi Saleh Ali AlMenshawi Applied and Functional Genomics Laboratory Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology College of Pharmacy Umm Al Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia Laboratory Medicine Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences Albaha University Albaha Saudi Arabia Infection Control Pilgrims City Hospital Madina Saudi Arabia Toxicology Center Jeddah Saudi Arabia Toxiology Research Center Ministry of Interior Jeddah Saudi Arabia

Hepatitis c virus (HcV) infection and associated liver diseases are still challenging and represent a significant health care burden around the world. Although, the treatment strategies have been improved by the development of novel direct-acting antivirals, but such therapeutic options are still expensive and beyond the financial range of the most infected individuals in developing or even in resource replete countries. It demands an urgent need to search novel and improved alternate treatment strategies to treat the infection. The present study was aimed to develop an in vitro stable cell culture system, persistently expressing HcV genotype 1a non-structural genes and to characterize the inhibitory effects of synthetic siRNAs (short interference RNA) directed against the most conserved regions of nonstructural genes in an in vitro cell culture model. The continuous expression of nonstructural genes for more than 30 days post transfection was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PcR) and Western blot analysis in stable human hepatoma cell line (Huh-7). The gene expression studies revealed significantly reduced gene expression of HcV nonstructural genes (i.e., NS2, NS4A and NS5A) both at mRNA and protein levels when treated against genome specific synthetic siRNAs in stable cell lines (51%, 47% and 54% respectively, p < 0.05). Similarly, a vivid decrease in HcV viral titer was exhibited by synthetic siRNAs in an in vitro viral replicate cell culture model (58%, 48% and 50%, respectively, p < 0.05) determined by quantitative Real-Time PcR (qPcR). Our data indicate that siRNA mediated gene silencing may be considered a promising alternate treatment strategy against HcV in combination with other effective therapeutic regimens in future.

关键词： Hepatitis c Virus Non-Structural Proteins Stable cell Line Anti-HcV Drugs Short Interference RNA

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c/EBP Mediates TNF--Induced cancer cell Migration by Inducing MMP Expression Dependent on p38 MAPK

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JOURNAL OF cELLULAR BIOcHEMISTRY 2015年第12期116卷 2766-2777页

作者： Xia, Peiyi Zhang, Rui Ge, Gaoxiang Chinese Acad Sci Key Lab Syst Biol Inst Biochem & Cell Biol Shanghai Inst Biol Sci Shanghai 200031 Peoples R China

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- is a pleiotropic cytokine that triggers cell proliferation, cell death, or inflammation. Besides its cytotoxic effect on cancer cells, TNF- exerts tumor promoting activity. Aberrant TNF- signaling promotes cancer cell motility, invasiveness, and enhances cancer metastasis. Exaggerated tumor cell migration, invasion, and metastasis by TNF- has been attributed to the activation of NF-B signaling. It is yet to be elucidated if other signaling pathways and effector molecules are involved in TNF--induced cancer cell migration and metastasis. Expression of c/EBP, a transcription factor involved in metabolism, inflammation, and cancer, is increased upon TNF- treatment. TNF- induces c/EBP expression by enhancing its transcription and protein stability. Activation of p38 MAPK, but not NF-B or JNK, is responsible for TNF--induced stabilization of c/EBP protein. c/EBP is involved in TNF--induced cancer cell migration. Knockdown of c/EBP inhibits TNF--induced cell migration, while overexpression of c/EBP increases migration of cancer cells. c/EBP is translated into transcriptional activator LAP1 and LAP2 and transcriptional repressor LIP utilizing alternative in-frame translation start sites. Despite TNF- induces expression of all three isoforms, LAP1/2, but not LIP, promote cancer cell migration. TNF- induced MMP1/3 expression, which was abrogated by c/EBP knockdown or p38 MAPK inhibition. MMP inhibitor or knockdown of MMP1/3 diminished TNF-- and c/EBP-induced cell migration. Thus, c/EBP mediates TNF--induced cancer cell migration by inducing MMP1/3 expression, and may participate in the regulation of inflammation-associated cancer metastasis. J. cell. Biochem. 116: 2766-2777, 2015. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

关键词： TNF- cELL MIGRATION c EBP MMP p38 MAPK INFLAMMATION

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Impact of Post Hepatitis c chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular carcinoma on Health Related Quality of Life

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Advances in Aging Research 2015年第6期4卷 177-186页

作者： Somaia M. Ebeid Safaa H. Ali Heba Y. Kamel Ahmed A. Elbaz Hazem M. El-Hariri Departments of Geriatric Medicine Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt Departments of Tropical Medicine Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt Department of Community Medicine Research National Research Center Cairo Egypt

Background: Post hepatitis c virus chronic liver disease (cLD) is prevalent among the Egyptian population with a bad impact upon their quality of life (QOL). Hepatocellular carcinoma (Hcc) is one of the long term and fatal complications of cLD and it also has its negative impact on patient’s quality of life. Aim: To assess impact of cLD and Hcc on the quality of life of group of hospitalized elderly patients. Methodology: Ninety elderly patients were divided into three groups: 30 elderly with post hepatitis c virus cLD, 30 elderly with Hcc and 30 others free of liver disease as control group (cn), all were recruited from the in-patient ward and the outpatient clinic of the Geriatric Department, Ain-Shams University Hospital. After giving consent, comprehensive geriatric assessment was done with assessment of their quality of life by using the Short Form-36 health survey (SF-36). Investigations including liver enzymes, serum albumin, serum bilirubin and abdominal ultrasound were done. Results: All QOL domains were the highest among control group, followed by Hcc group and the least among cLD group. The differences were statistically significant in most subscales and total score [Mean of cn = 81.9 ± 12.4, Mean of cLD = 47.5 ± 21.9, Mean of Hcc = 62.3 ± 16.1;P cn/cLD ≤ 0.001, P cn/Hcc ≤ 0.001, P cLD/Hcc = 0.004]. Albumin was the only biochemical marker correlated positively with total SF score and two subscales (PF and EF) [r = 0.408;P = 0.025]. conclusion & Recommendation: Our study showed a decrease in the QOL of Egyptian post hepatitis c virus cLD and Hcc patients compared with Egyptian population norms. The results showed that cLD were more affected than Hcc patients. This had a particularly serious negative impact on their life. The findings indicate a need for updated counseling and educational materials designed to provide adequate information and consistent healthcare service to this patient setting.

关键词： Post Hepatitis c Virus chronic Liver Diseases Hepatocellular carcinoma Quality of Life Short Form-36 Health Survey

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