In this study, we report the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of western painted turtle, chrysemys picta bellii. The genome is found to be 16,875bp in length and has a base composition of A (34.4%), G (13.0%), c...
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In this study, we report the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of western painted turtle, chrysemys picta bellii. The genome is found to be 16,875bp in length and has a base composition of A (34.4%), G (13.0%), c (26.0%), and T (26.6%). Similar to other turtles, it contains a typically conserved structure including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 1 control region (D-loop). Most of the genes are encoded on H-strand, except for the eight tRNA and ND6 genes. All protein-coding genes start with an ATN codon except for cOX1 and ND4, which initiate with GTG instead, and terminate with the typical stop codon (TAA/TAG) or a single T (T-) or an unexpected codon of AGG. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence provided here would be useful for further phylogenetic analysis and conservation genetic studies in c. p. bellii.
Globally 71 million people are living with hepatitis c virus (HcV) out which 7.1 million (10%) are present in Pakistan. Genotype 3 is the most common HcV type in the country. World Health Organization is working with ...
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Globally 71 million people are living with hepatitis c virus (HcV) out which 7.1 million (10%) are present in Pakistan. Genotype 3 is the most common HcV type in the country. World Health Organization is working with health authorities in different countries for effective control of HcV, to reduce its incidence by 90% and to reduce hepatitis related mortality by 65% by the year 2030. There are several challenges that hinder elimination of HcV from Pakistan including the lack of patient awareness about the causes and transmission of disease, lack of affordability for investigations and drug treatment and lack of experienced healthcare professionals. Other major contributors to achieve HcV elimination are lack of effective drugs and delayed regulatory approvals combined with compromised monitoring by health authorities and lack of robust epidemiological data. Efforts are needed to educate the public about the modes of transmission and prevention of HcV infection, and massively upscale screening along with treatment. There is a dire need to prevent more than 200,000 new infections that occur each year in Pakistan. Given the scale of the problem, it is very unlikely that the government alone can handle it.
Ernährungsumstellung – vor allem das Meiden arachidonsäurehaltiger Nahrungsmittel – hilft, entzündungsunterhaltende Faktoren zu minimieren. Ausleitende Verfahren wie Aderlass- und Blutegeltherapie wir...
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Ernährungsumstellung – vor allem das Meiden arachidonsäurehaltiger Nahrungsmittel – hilft, entzündungsunterhaltende Faktoren zu minimieren. Ausleitende Verfahren wie Aderlass- und Blutegeltherapie wirken ebenfalls antientzündlich sowie umstimmend. Die Behandlung der Darmdysbiose mit einem antimykotischen und einem mikrobiologischen Präparat wirkt sich positiv auf die Arthritis ***ährungsumstellung – vor allem das Meiden arachidonsäurehaltiger Nahrungsmittel – hilft, entzündungsunterhaltende Faktoren zu minimieren. Ausleitende Verfahren wie Aderlass- und Blutegeltherapie wirken ebenfalls antientzündlich sowie umstimmend. Die Behandlung der Darmdysbiose mit einem antimykotischen und einem mikrobiologischen Präparat wirkt sich positiv auf die Arthritis aus.
chronic hepatitis c(cHc) infection affects almost 3% of the global population and can lead to cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma in a significant number of those infected. Until recently, the only ...
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chronic hepatitis c(cHc) infection affects almost 3% of the global population and can lead to cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma in a significant number of those infected. Until recently, the only treatments available were pegylated interferon and ribavirin, which traditionally were not very effective and have considerable side effects. For this reason, interest in complementary and alternative medications(cAM) in the management of hepatitis c has been investigated. Some cAM has demonstrated therapeutic potential in chronic hepatitis c treatment. Unfortunately, some cAM has been shown to have the potential to cause drug-induced liver injury. This article will review and evaluate many of the natural molecules that interact with the hepatitis c virus(HcV) life cycle and discuss their potential use and safety in HcV therapy, as well as highlight some important interactions between medical and complementary treatments.
AIM: To investigate the impact of telaprevir-based triple therapy on the serum alpha-fetoprotein(AFP) level of chronic hepatitis c ***: A total of 210 patients with chronic hepatitis c genotype 1 of high viral load(ba...
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AIM: To investigate the impact of telaprevir-based triple therapy on the serum alpha-fetoprotein(AFP) level of chronic hepatitis c ***: A total of 210 patients with chronic hepatitis c genotype 1 of high viral load(baseline serum hepatitis c virus RNA > 5.0 log10 IU/m L) were divided into two groups by type of treatment: triple therapy with telaprevir, pegylated-interferon-α(PEGIFNα), and ribavirin(RBV) for 24 wk(n = 88), or dual therapy with PEG-IFNα and RBV for 48 wk(n = 122). The relationship between virological response and the change in the serum AFP level from baseline to 24 wk after the end of treatment was examined. RESULTS: No significant difference in mean baseline AFP level was found between the triple and dual therapy groups(8.8 ng/m L vs 7.8 ng/m L). Triple therapy produced significant declines in the AFP level in sustained virological response(SVR) and non-SVR patients(7.8 ng/m L at baseline to 3.5 ng/m L at 24 wk after the end of treatment, P < 0.001 and 14.3 ng/m L to 9.5 ng/m L, P = 0.004, respectively). In contrast, dual therapy resulted in a significant decline in AFP level only in SVR patients(4.7 ng/m L to 2.8 ng/m L, P< 0.001), but not in non-SVR patients(10.2 ng/m L to 10.1 ng/m L). Among patients with a high-baseline AFP level(≥ 10 ng/m L), the decline in the AFP level was significantly higher in the triple therapy than in the dual therapy group(15.9 ng/m L vs 1.6 ng/m L, P = 0.037). cONcLUSION: Regardless of virological response, telaprevir-based triple therapy reduced the serum AFP level.
Objective To investigate the effects of mechanical strain on ca^(2+)-calmodulin dependent kinase(caMK)-cA MP response element binding protein(cREB) signal pathway and proliferation of osteoblasts. Methods Using a four...
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Objective To investigate the effects of mechanical strain on ca^(2+)-calmodulin dependent kinase(caMK)-cA MP response element binding protein(cREB) signal pathway and proliferation of osteoblasts. Methods Using a four-point bending device, Mc3T3-E1 cells were exposed to mechanical tensile strains of 2500 μs and 5000 μs at 0.5 Hz respectively. The intracellular free ca^(2+)([ca^(2+)]i) concentration and calmodulin activity were assayed by fluorospectrophotometry, caMK II β, cREB, and phosphorylated(activated) cREB(p-cREB) were assessed by Western blot, and cells proliferation was assayed with MTT. Pretreatment with verapamil was carried out to block ca^(2+) channel, and inhibitor U73122 was used to inhibit phospholipase c(PLc). Results Mechanical strains of 2500 μs and 5000 μs for 1 to 10 minutes both increased [ca^(2+)]i level of the cells. The 2500 μs strain, a periodicity of 1 h/d for 3 days, activated calmodulin, elevated protein levels of caMK II β and p-cREB, and promoted cells proliferation, which were attenuated by pretreatment of verapamil or U73122. The effects of 5000 μs strain on calmodulin, caMK II β, p-cREB and proliferation were contrary to 2500 μs strain. conclusion The mechanical strain regulates osteoblasts proliferation through ca^(2+)-ca MK-cREB signal pathway via ca^(2+) channel and PLc/IP_3 transduction cascades.
RNA helicases, which unwind RNAs, are essential for RNA metabolism and homeostasis. However, the roles of RNA helicases in specific physiological processes remain poorly understood. We recently reported that an RNA he...
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RNA helicases, which unwind RNAs, are essential for RNA metabolism and homeostasis. However, the roles of RNA helicases in specific physiological processes remain poorly understood. We recently reported that an RNA helicase, HEL-1, promotes long lifespan conferred by reduced insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling (IIS) in caenorhabditis elegans. We also showed that HEL-1 induces the expression of longevity genes by physically interacting with Forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factor. Thus, the HEL-1 RNA helicase appears to regulate lifespan by specifically activating FOXO in IIS. In the current study, we report another longevity-promoting RNA helicase, Suppressor of AcY-4 sterility 1 (SAcY-1). SAcY-1 contributed to the longevity of daf-2/insulin/IGF-1 receptor mutants. Unlike HEL-1, SAcY-1 was also required for the longevity due to mutations in genes involved in non-IIS pathways. Thus, SAcY-1 appears to function as a general longevity factor for various signaling pathways, which is different from the specific function of HEL-1.
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