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TT viral infection through blood transfusion:retrospective investigation on patients in a prospective study of post-transfusion hepatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2000年第1期6卷 70-73页

作者： Yang SS Wu cH chen TH Huang YY Huang cS Department of Gastroenterology China Medical College TaichungTaiwanChina Cathay General HospitalTaipei and Medical Faculty China Medical CollegeTaichungTaiwanChina Department of Gastroenterology China Medical College TaichungTaiwanChina Department of Laboratory Medicine China Medical College TaichungTaiwanChina

AIM To investigate the role of bloodtransfusion in TT viral infection(TTV).METHODS We retrospectively studied serumsamples from 192 transfusion recipients whounderwent cardiovascular surgery and bloodtransfusion between July 1991 and June *** had a follow-up every other week for atleast 6 months after *** received blood before screeningdonors for hepatitis c antibody(anti-HcV),and112 recipients received screened *** with alanine aminotransferase level>2.5 times the upper normal limit were testedfor serological markers for viral hepatitis A,B,c,G,Epstein-Barr virus and *** infection was defined by the positivity forserum TTV DNA using the polymerase chainreaction *** Eleven and three patients,whoreceived anti-HcV unscreened and screened'blood,respectively,had serum ALT levels>90 IU/*** patients(HcV and TTV:1;HcV,HGV,and TTV:1;TTV:2;and cMV and TTV:1)were positive for TTV DNA,and four of them hadsero-conversion of TTV *** TTV can be transmitted viablood *** recipients infected byTTV alone may be associated with the ***,whether TTV was the causal agentremains unsettled,and further studies arenecessary to define the role of TTV infection inchronic hepatitis.

关键词： Subject headings blood transfusion TT viral infection hepatitis c antibody viral

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convergence analysis and optimal strike choice for static hedges of general path-independent pay-offs

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QUANTITATIVE FINANcE 2016年第4期16卷 593-603页

作者： Ma, Jingtang Deng, Dongya Zheng, Harry Southwestern Univ Finance & Econ Sch Econ Math Chengdu 611130 Peoples R China Southwestern Univ Finance & Econ Sch Finance Chengdu 611130 Peoples R China Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med Dept Math Huxley Bldg London SW7 2BZ England

In this paper, we propose a new algorithm to find the optimal static replicating portfolios for general path-independent nonlinear pay-off functions and give an estimate for the rate of convergence that is absent in the literature. We choose the static replication by designing an adaptation function arising in the error bound between the nonlinear pay-off function and the linear spline approximation and derive the equidistribution equation for selecting the optimal strikes. The numerical tests for variance swaps, swaptions, static quadratic hedges and also for a jump-diffusion process, allowing for the default of the underlying asset, show that the proposed iterative equidistribution equation algorithm is simple, fast and accurate. The paper generalizes and improves the results on static replication and approximation in the literature.

关键词： G c6 G1 G12 c c63 Jump-diffusion model Nonlinear pay-off convergence rate Static replication Equidistribution equation

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capsaicin induces cYP3A4 expression via pregnane X receptor and ccAAT/enhancer-binding protein β activation

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MOLEcULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARcH 2012年第5期56卷 797-809页

作者： Han, Eun Hee Kim, Hyung Gyun choi, Jae Ho Jang, Yin-Jin Lee, Sang Seop Kwon, Kwang-il Kim, Eunyoung Noh, Kyeumhan Jeong, Tae cheon Hwang, Yong Pil chung, Young chul Kang, Wonku Jeong, Hye Gwang Chungnam Natl Univ Dept Toxicol Coll Pharm Taejon 305764 South Korea Inje Univ Coll Med Dept Pharmacol Pusan South Korea Yeungnam Univ Coll Pharm Kyungsan South Korea Korea Int Univ Dept Pharmaceut Engn Jinju South Korea Korea Int Univ Div Food Sci Jinju South Korea

Scope capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) is the principal pungent ingredient in hot red and chili peppers. Many studies have focused on the anticarcinogenic or chemopreventive activities of capsaicin. However, the influence of capsaicin on cYP3A4, its involvement in drug metabolism, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Methods and results Here, we examined the effect of capsaicin on cYP3A4 expression and the metabolism of cYP3A1 substrate, nifedipine in male SpragueDawley rats. capsaicin induced the enzymatic activity and expression of cYP3A4 in HepG2 cells. Treatment with a human pregnane X receptor (hPXR) inhibitor reduced the inductive effects of capsaicin on cYP3A4 expression. capsaicin also induced the activation of ccAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (c/EBP beta). Moreover, capsaicin increased the activation of the transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 receptor downstream signaling components ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase and Akt. capsaicin elevated the level of cYP3A1 in rat liver and significantly increased the biotransformation of nifedipine to dehydronifedipine. conclusion From these data, we conclude that capsaicin induces cYP3A4 expression in vitro and in vivo. This induction was achieved by the activation of hPXR and c/EBP beta. Our results suggest that capsaicin might induce cYP3A4 expression;thus, exposure to capsaicin may increase the metabolism of cYP3A4 substrate and potentially cause fooddrug interactions.

关键词： capsaicin c EBP ss cYP3A4 Food-drug interactions PXR

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clinically significant micafungin resistance in candida albicans involves modification of a glucan synthase catalytic subunit GSc1 (FKS1) allele followed by loss of heterozygosity

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JOURNAL OF ANTIMIcROBIAL cHEMOTHERAPY 2010年第5期65卷 842-852页

作者： Niimi, K. Monk, B. c. Hirai, A. Hatakenaka, K. Umeyama, T. Lamping, E. Maki, K. Tanabe, K. Kamimura, T. Ikeda, F. Uehara, Y. Kano, R. Hasegawa, A. cannon, R. D. Niimi, M. Univ Otago Dept Oral Sci Dunedin 9054 New Zealand Natl Inst Infect Dis Dept Bioact Mol Shinjuku Ku Tokyo 1628640 Japan Nihon Univ Sch Vet Med Dept Pathobiol Fujisawa Kanagawa 2528510 Japan Astellas Pharma Inc Tsukuba Ibaraki 3058585 Japan Harasanshin Gen Hosp Dept Hematol Hakata Ku Fukuoka 8120033 Japan

To determine the mechanism of intermediate- and high-level echinocandin resistance, resulting from heterozygous and homozygous mutations in GSc1 (FKS1), in both laboratory-generated and clinical isolates of candida albicans. The DNA sequences of the entire open reading frames of GSc1, GSL1 (FKS3) and RHO1, which may contribute to the beta-1,3-glucan synthase of a micafungin-susceptible strain and a resistant clinical isolate, were compared. A spontaneous heterozygous mutant isolated by selection for micafungin resistance, and a panel of laboratory-generated homozygous and heterozygous mutants that possessed combinations of the echinocandin-susceptible and -resistant alleles, or mutants with individual GSc1 alleles deleted, were used to compare levels of echinocandin resistance and inhibition of glucan synthase activity. DNA sequence analysis identified a mutation, S645P, in both alleles of GSc1 from the clinical isolate. GSL1 had two homozygous amino acid changes and five non-synonymous nucleotide polymorphisms due to allelic variation. The predicted amino acid sequence of Rho1p was conserved between strains. Reconstruction of the heterozygous (S645/S645F) and homozygous (S645F/S645F) mutation showed that the homozygous mutation conferred a higher level of micafungin resistance (4 mg/L) than the heterozygous mutation (1 mg/L). Exposure of the heterozygous mutant to micafungin resulted in a loss of heterozygosity. Kinetic analysis of beta-1,3-glucan synthase activity showed that the homozygous and heterozygous mutations gave echinocandin susceptibility profiles that correlated with their MIc values. A homozygous hot-spot mutation in GSc1, caused by mutation in one allele and then loss of heterozygosity, is required for high-level echinocandin resistance in c. albicans. Both alleles of GSc1 contribute equally and independently to beta-1,3-glucan synthase activity.

关键词： c albicans drug resistance echinocandins

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cHAIN-SHORTENING OF A XENOBIOTIc AcYL cOMPOUND BY THE PEROXISOMAL BETA-OXIDATION SYSTEM IN RAT-LIVER

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BIOcHEMIcAL PHARMAcOLOGY 1986年第24期35卷 4363-4368页

作者： YAMADA, J ITOH, S HORIE, S WATANABE, T SUGA, T Department of Clinical Biochemistry Tokyo College of Pharmacy Tokyo 192-03 Japan

When 14c-labeled N-(.alpha.-methylbenzyl)azelaamic acid (c9), which is an intermediate in the metabolism of N-(.alpha.-methylbenzyl)linoleamide, a potent hypocholesterolemic agent, was administered to rats, 84% of the radioactivity was recovered in the urine in 24 hr, which contained 66.1% of N-(.alpha.-methylbenzyl)glutaramic acid (c5) and 8.6% of N-(.alpha.-methylbenzyl)pimelamic acid (c7) as major metabolites. While 14c-labeled c9 was incubated with isolated hepatocytes, similar metabolites were found, whereas none of the metabolites with an even number of carbon atoms in the acyl side chain was detected. The activity of the chain-shortening of c9 by hepatocytes isolated from clofibrate-treated rats was stimulated to about twice that of untreated hepatocytes, in parallel with the elevation of c9-dependent H2O2-generation. A subcellular fractionation study of the liver revealed that the subcellular distribution of cyanide-insensitive c9-oxidation activity was coincident with that of catalase and of cyanide-insensitive palmitoyl-coA oxidation. In this reaction, c7 and c5 were produced. For this reaction, the formation of c9-coA thioester was essetial as an intermediary step. These results indicate that peroxisomes are capable of shortening the acyl side-chains of drugs by .beta.-oxidation and, thus, suggest an additional metabolic role for peroxisomes.

关键词： c 9 N -( α -methylbenzyl)azelamic acid c 7 N -( α -methylbenzyl)pimelamic acid c 5 N -( α -methylbenzyl)glutaramic acid

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coping and chronic psychosocial consequences of female genital mutilation in the Netherlands

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ETHNIcITY & HEALTH 2012年第6期17卷 677-695页

作者： Vloeberghs, Erick van der Kwaak, Anke Knipscheer, Jeroen van den Muijsenbergh, Maria PHAROS Knowledge & Advisory Ctr Refugees & Migran Dept Res & Dev Utrecht Netherlands Royal Trop Inst KIT Dev Policy & Practice NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam Netherlands Univ Utrecht Dept Clin & Hlth Psychol Utrecht Netherlands Arq Fdn Psychotrauma Expert Grp Diemen Netherlands Radboud Univ Nijmegen Dept Primary Care & Community Healthcare Med Ctr Nijmegen Netherlands

Objective. The study presented in this article explored psychosocial and relational problems of African immigrant women in the Netherlands who underwent female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/c), the causes they attribute to these problems in particular, their opinions about the relationship between these problems and their circumcision and the way they cope with these health complaints. Design. This mixed-methods study used standardised questionnaires as well as in-depth interviews among a purposive sample of 66 women who had migrated from Somalia, Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia or Sierra Leone to the Netherlands. Data were collected by ethnically similar female interviewers;interviews were coded and analysed by two independent researchers. Results. One in six respondents suffered from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and one-third reported symptoms related to depression or anxiety. The negative feelings caused by FGM/c became more prominent during childbirth or when suffering from physical problems. Migration to the Netherlands led to a shift in how women perceive FGM, making them more aware of the negative consequences of FGM. Many women felt ashamed to be examined by a physician and avoided visiting doctors who did not conceal their astonishment about the FGM. conclusion. FGM/c had a lifelong impact on the majority of the women participating in the study, causing chronic mental and psychosocial problems. Migration made women who underwent FGM/c more aware of their condition. Three types of women could be distinguished according to their coping style: the adaptives, the disempowered and the traumatised. Health care providers should become more aware of their problems and more sensitive in addressing them.

关键词： African immigrant women FGM c chronic mental problems psychosexual problems

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Processing of graphene into a cantilever beam structure using a focused ion beam

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MIcRO & NANO LETTERS 2016年第11期11卷 670-674页

作者： Matsui, Kazuma Takei, Yusuke Inaba, Akira Takahata, Tomoyuki Matsumoto, Kiyoshi Shimoyama, Isao Univ Tokyo Dept Mech Informat Bunkyo Ku Japan 7-3-1 Hongo Tokyo 1138656 Japan Toyo Univ Dept Mech Engn Fac Sci & Engn 2100 Kujirai Kawagoe Saitama 3508585 Japan

A graphene cantilever beam of arbitrary shape by patterning suspended graphene using a focused ion beam (FIB) is fabricated. Suspended graphene was formed by transferring graphene over a trench structure and patterned the suspended graphene into a cantilever beam structure. When the suspended graphene is patterned by an FIB, the high-ion irradiation of FIB deforms the shape of the cantilever beam;in contrast, low-ion irradiation cannot penetrate the suspended graphene. An evaluation of the ion irradiation dose of the FIB and the damages caused to the suspended graphene confirmed that in the case of few-layer graphene with a maximum of three layers, optimum processing can be performed by an ion irradiation of 6 x 10(16) ions/cm(2). Under this condition, a graphene cantilever beam with a width of 1.34 m and a length of 2.13 m could be fabricated. Furthermore, the Raman spectroscopy results indicate that the FIB process does not significantly change the properties of the graphene.

关键词： focused ion beam technology graphene beams (structures) cantilevers Raman spectra ion beam effects nanostructured materials nanofabrication graphene cantilever beam arbitrary shape suspended graphene trench structure high-ion irradiation Raman spectroscopy focused ion beam process size 1 34 mum size 2 13 mum c

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Functionalisation of MWcNTs with piperazine and dopamine derivatives and their potential antibacterial activity

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MIcRO & NANO LETTERS 2020年第15期15卷 1105-1109页

作者： Hussain, Saghir Ansari, Tariq Mahmood Sahar, Hina Kanwal, Shamsa Mansoor, Farrukh Darak, Timur Iqbal, M. Zubair Butt, Fahim Khurshid Hussain, Ajaz Muhammad, Aun Zaman, Sher Tariq, Ghulam Hasnain Asif, Hafiz Muhammad Bahauddin Zakariya Univ Inst Chem Sci Multan 60800 Pakistan Khwaja Fareed Univ Engn & Informat Technol Dept Chem Abu Dhabi Rd Rahim Yar Khan Pakistan Ningbo Inst Mat Technol & Engn NIMTE Ningbo 315100 Zhejiang Peoples R China Univ Educ Dept Phys Lahore 53700 Pakistan Bahauddin Zakariya Univ Inst Mol Biol & Biotechnol Multan 60800 Pakistan Karakorum Int Univ Dept Phys Gilgit 15100 Pakistan

Functionalised multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWcNTs) are exclusively used in antibacterial activity due to their high aspect ratio and surface penetration characteristics. This study reports the synthesis of piperazine and dopamine functionalised MWcNTs to investigate antibacterial activity against strains like Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus. MWcNTs were activated through acid oxidation and then refluxed at 75 degrees c for 10 and 8 h in the presence of piperazine and dopamine, respectively. The functionalised MWcNTs were characterised by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, functionalised MWcNTs were subjected to zone inhibition assay on agar plates. Results revealed the significant antibacterial activity against various bacteria up to 50%. Similarly, it was observed that the effect of different solvents, such as dimethyl formamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was non-prevalent to the bacterial zone of inhibition. Such facile nano-modifications provide passage to nano-antibacterials for advanced studies.

关键词： organic compounds microorganisms nanoparticles antibacterial activity oxidation biomedical materials surface treatment scanning electron microscopy transmission electron microscopy Raman spectra nanocomposites X-ray diffraction nanofabrication Fourier transform infrared spectra multi-wall carbon nanotubes piperazine dopamine derivatives potential antibacterial activity functionalised multiwalled carbon nanotubes high aspect ratio surface penetration characteristics functionalised MWcNTs Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy nanoantibacterials Staphylococcus aureus Micrococcus luteus acid oxidation scanning electron microscopy Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy X-ray diffraction Raman spectroscopy dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO dimethyl formamide DMF time 10 0 hour time 8 0 hour temperature 75 0 degc c

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cholesterol Superlattice Modulates cA4P Release from Liposomes and cA4P cytotoxicity on Mammary cancer cells

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BIOPHYSIcAL JOURNAL 2012年第9期102卷 2086-2094页

作者： Venegas, Berenice Zhu, Weiwei Haloupek, Nicole B. Lee, Janet Zellhart, Elizabeth Sugar, Istvan P. Kiani, Mohammad F. chong, Parkson Lee-Gau Temple Univ Dept Biochem Sch Med Philadelphia PA 19122 USA Mt Sinai Sch Med Dept Neurol New York NY USA Temple Univ Dept Mech Engn Philadelphia PA 19122 USA Temple Univ Dept Radiat Oncol Philadelphia PA 19122 USA

Liposomal drugs are a useful alternative to conventional drugs and hold great promise for targeted delivery in the treatment of many diseases. Most of the liposomal drugs on the market or under clinical trials include cholesterol as a membrane stabilizing agent. Here, we used liposomal cA4P, an antivascular drug, to demonstrate that cholesterol content can actually modulate the release and cytotoxicity of liposomal drugs in a delicate and predictable manner. We found that both the rate of the cA4P release from the interior aqueous compartment of the liposomes to the bulk aqueous phase and the extent of the drug's cytotoxicity undergo a biphasic variation, as large as 50%, with liposomal cholesterol content at the theoretically predicted c-r, e. g., 22.0, 22.2, 25.0, 33.3, 40.0, and 50.0 mol % cholesterol for maximal superlattice formation. It appears that at c-r, cA4P can be released from the liposomes more readily than at non-c-r, probably due to the increased domain boundaries between superlattice and nonsuperlattice regions, which consequently results in increased cytotoxicity. The idea that the increased domain boundaries at c-r would facilitate the escape of molecules from membranes was further supported by the data of dehydroergosterol transfer from liposomes to M beta cD. These results together show that the functional importance of sterol superlattice formation in liposomes can be propagated to distal targeted cells and reveal a new, to our knowledge, mechanism for how sterol content and membrane lateral organization can control the release of entrapped or embedded molecules in membranes.

关键词： 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3- phosphoethanolamine-N-(5-dimethylamino-1-naphthalenesulfonyl) (ammonium salt) 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3- phosphocholine c r c R,max c s,min cA4 cA4P combretastatin A4 combretastatin A4 disodium phosphate critical cholesterol mole fractions theoretically predicted for maximal superlattice formation Dansyl-PE dehydroergosterol DHE LUVs MβcD methyl-β-cyclodextrin MLVs multilamellar vesicles POPc the cholesterol mole fractions where the cell survival is minimal (i.e., cytotoxicity is maximal) the cholesterol mole fractions where the initial rate of drug release is maximal unilamellar vesicles

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cLONING OF MITOGEN-REAcTIVE AND ANTIGEN-REAcTIVE B-LYMPHOcYTES ON FILTER-PAPER DISKS .1. A DEScRIPTION OF THE TEcHNIQUE AND OF METHODS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF cOLONIES

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JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGIcAL METHODS 1985年第2期76卷 345-363页

作者： KELSOE, G Department of Microbiology University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX 77550 U.S.A.

A novel technique for establishing short-term clones of antigen- or mitogen-activated splenic B lymphocytes is described. Spleen cells are plated onto the surface of filter paper discs and subsequently stimulated by antigen or mitogen in situ;activated B cells proliferate and differentiate into pure colonies of cells analogous to bacterial colonies growing on agar. These colonies of lymphocytes may be characterized in a series of replica hemolytic-plaque, autoradiographic or immunoenzyme assays, making possible a full characterization of the frequency of secreted idiotopes and paratopes, and of the cells that produce them. colony induction by antigen or mitogen occurs under identical conditions;a rigorous comparison between the mitogen-selected and antigen-selected antibody repertoires may be made.

关键词： B cell repertoire limiting dilution assays B cell cloning lymphocyte frequency analysis ASc antibody-secreting cell BBS borate-buffered saline BSA bovine serum albumine c guinea pig complement HRP horse radish peroxidase LPS lipopolysaccharide NIP 4-(hydroxy-3-nitroiodo-phenyl)acetyl NP 4-(hydroxy-3-nitro-phenyl) acetyl NPF NP 25 -aminoethyl carbamylmethyl-Ficoll 400 PBS phosphate-buffered saline PFc plaque-forming cell RM rinse medium SRBc sheep red blood cell WM wash medium

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