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Mitochondrial respiratory chain super-complex I-III physiology and pathology

BIOcHIMIcA ET BIOPHYSIcA AcTA-BIOENERGETIcS 2010年第6期1797卷 9-9页

作者： Lenaz, Giorgio Baracca, Alessandra Barbero, Giovanna Bergamini, christian Dalmonte, Maria Elena Del Sole, Marianna Faccioli, Marco Falasca, Anna Fato, Romana Genova, Maria Luisa Sgarbi, Gianluca Solaini, Giancarlo Univ Bologna Dipartimento Biochim I-40126 Bologna Italy

Recent investigations by native gel electrophoresis showed the existence of supramolecular associations of the respiratory complexes, confirmed by electron microscopy analysis and single particle image processing. Flux control analysis demonstrated that complex I and complex III in mammalian mitochondria kinetically behave as a single unit with control coefficients approaching unity for each component, suggesting the existence of substrate channeling within the super-complex. The formation of this supramolecular unit largely depends on the lipid content and composition of the inner mitochondrial membrane. The function of the super-complexes appears not to be restricted to kinetic advantages in electron transfer: we discuss evidence on their role in the stability and assembly of the individual complexes, particularly complex I, and in preventing excess oxygen radical formation. There is increasing evidence that disruption of the super-complex organization leads to functional derangements responsible for pathological changes, as we have found in K-ras -transformed fibroblasts.

关键词： BHM Beef Heart Mitochondria BN-PAGE Blue Native Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis cL cardiolipin c n Metabolic Flux coefficient coQ coenzyme Q, Ubiquinone mtDNA mitochondrial DNA OXPHOS Oxidative Phosphorylation System POM Potato Tuber Mitochondria RLM Rat Liver Mitochondria ROS Reactive Oxygen Species SDS-PAGE Sodium Dodecyl-Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis Mitochondria Super-complex Flux control channeling complex I

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N-acetylcysteine attenuates progression of liver pathology in a rat model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

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JOURNAL OF NUTRITION 2008年第10期138卷 1872-1879页

作者： Baumgardner, January N. Shankar, Kartik Hennings, Leah Albano, Emanuele Badger, Thomas M. Ronis, Martin J. J. Univ Arkansas Med Sci Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol Little Rock AR 72205 USA Univ Arkansas Med Sci Dept Physiol & Biophys Little Rock AR 72205 USA Univ Arkansas Med Sci Dept Pediat Little Rock AR 72205 USA Univ Arkansas Med Sci Dept Pathol Little Rock AR 72205 USA Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr Little Rock AR 72205 USA Univ Amedeo Avogadro E Piedmont Dept Med Sci I-28100 Novara Italy

A "2-hit" model for nonalcoholic steatichepatitis (NASH) has been proposed in which steatosis constitutes the "first hit" and sensitizes the liver to potential "second hits" resulting in NASH. Oxidative stress is considered a candidate for the second hit. N-acetylcysteine (NAc), an antioxidant, has been suggested as a dietary therapy for NASH. We examined the effects of NAc in a rat total enteral nutrition (TEN) model where NASH develops as the result of overfeeding dietary polyunsaturated fat. Male Sprague-Dawley cats consumed pelleted AIN-93G diets ad libitum or were overfed a 9200 ***(-0.75).d(-1) liquid diet containing 70% corn oil with or without 2 ***(-1).d(-1) NAc i.g. for 65 d. Hepatic steatosis was not influenced by dietary supplementation with NAc, however, the liver pathology score was lower (P <= 0.05) and NAc provided partial protection against alanine aminotransferase release (P <= 0.05). NAc attenuated increased hepatic oxidative stress (TBARS;P <= 0.05) and prevented increases in cytochrome P450 2E1 apoprotein and mRNA and in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) mRNA. Titers of auto-antibodies against proteins adducted to lipid peroxidation products were lower in serum of the NAc group than in the 70% corn oil group (P: 0.05). NAc also decreased Picosirius red staining of collagen, a marker of fibrosis. However, markers of hepatic stellate cell activation were unaffected. Using NAc in a TEN model of NASH, we have demonstrated that NAc prevents many aspects of NASH progression by decreasing development of oxidative stress and subsequent increases in TNF alpha but does not block development of steatosis.

关键词： ALT alanine aminotransferase α -SMA α -smooth muscle actin c pellet-fed control cYP2E1 cytochrome P450 2E1 GSH glutathione HA hyaluronan H&E hematoxylin-eosin HF high fat HSc hepatic stellate cell IL interleukin LOOH arachidonate hydroperoxide MDA malondialdehyde MMP13 matrix metallopeptidase 13 NAc N -acetylcysteine NASH nonalcoholic steatohepatitis PDGFr β platelet-derived growth factor receptor- β ROS reactive oxygen species TEN total enteral nutrition TGF β transforming growth factor- β TIMP-1 tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 TNF α tumor necrosis factor- α

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A High Intake of trans Fatty Acids Has Little Effect on Markers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Humans

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JOURNAL OF NUTRITION 2011年第9期141卷 1673-1678页

作者： Smit, Liesbeth A. Katan, Martijn B. Wanders, Anne J. Basu, Samar Brouwer, Ingeborg A. Vrije Univ Amsterdam Dept Hlth Sci Fac Earth & Life Sci Amsterdam Netherlands Vrije Univ Amsterdam EMGO Inst Hlth & Care Res Fac Earth & Life Sci Amsterdam Netherlands Wageningen Univ Div Human Nutr Wageningen Netherlands Uppsala Univ Fac Med Dept Publ Hlth & Caring Sci Uppsala Sweden

consumption of industrial trans fatty acids (TFA) increases LDL cholesterol, decreases HDL cholesterol, and is strongly associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (cVD). However, changes in circulating cholesterol cannot explain the entire effect. Therefore, we studied whether iTFA and conjugated linoleic acid (cIA) affect markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. Sixty-one healthy adults consumed each of 3 diets for 3 wk, in random order. Diets were identical except for 7% of energy provided by oleic acid (control diet), ITFA, or cLA. At the end of the 3 wk, we measured plasma inflammatory markers IL-6, c-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor receptors I and II (TNF-R1 and -RII), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and E-selectin, and urinary 8-iso-PGF(2 alpha), a marker of lipid peroxidation. consumption of iTFA caused 4% lower TNF-RI concentrations and 60/s higher E-selectin concentrations compared with oleic acid (control and had no significant effect on other inflammatory markers. cIA did not significantly affect inflammatory markers. The urine concentration of 8-iso-PGF(2 alpha) [geometric mean (95% cI)) was greater after the TFA [0.54 (0.48, 0.60) nmol/mmol creatinine) and the cIA [1.2 (1.1, 1.3) nmol/mmol creatininel diet periods than after the control period [0.45 (0.41, 0.50) nmoVmmol creatinine;P < 0.05]. In conclusion, high intakes of FIFA and cLA did not substantially affect plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers, but they increased the urine 8-iso-PGF(2 alpha) concentration. However, it is unlikely this plays a major role in the mechanism by which ITFA increase the risk of cVD. However, more research is needed to fully understand the implications of these findings. J. Nutr. 141: 1673-1678, 2011.

关键词： 9 c 11 t cLA, 9- cis , 11- trans conjugated linoleic acid cRP c-reactive protein cVD cardiovascular disease en% energy% iTFA industrial trans fatty acid McP-1 monocyte chemotactic protein-1 TNF-RI or TNF-RII tumor necrosis factor receptor I or II

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FORcES BETWEEN PROTEINS AND MODEL POLYPEPTIDES ADSORBED ON MIcA SURFAcES

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BIOcHIMIcA ET BIOPHYSIcA AcTA 1987年第1期915卷 101-111页

作者： AFSHARRAD, T BAILEY, AI LUcKHAM, PF MAcNAUGHTAN, W cHAPMAN, D UNIV LONDON IMPERIAL COLL SCI & TECHNOL DEPT CHEM ENGN & CHEM TECHNOL PRINCE CONSORT RD LONDON SW7 2AZ ENGLAND ROYAL FREE HOSP SCH MED DEPT BIOCHEM & CHEM LONDON ENGLAND

The forces of interaction between proteins adsorbed onto mica have been measured as a function of the distance of separation between the two mica surfaces in aqueous solutions. The results for three proteins, myelin basic protein, concanavalin A and cytochrome c, are presented together with the results for a model basic protein, poly(L-lysine). With the exception of cytochrome c at large separations, the forces of interaction are due to charges on the protein surfaces and may be fitted closely to theoretical predictions. For cytochrome c, however, no long-range electrical repulsion is observed, indicating that the negatively charged mica surface has been neutralised by the adsorption of the positively charged protein. At short surface separations, an attraction between the protein surfaces was noted. For concanavalin A, a weak attraction was observed in the presence of calcium and manganese ions only. For poly(L-lysine) and cytochrome c the attraction can be explained simply in terms of van der Waals interactions between the proteins. However, for myelin basic protein the observed attraction was an order of magnitude larger than that predicted by van der Waals theory. We believe that this additional attraction may be due to hydrophobic interactions between the adsorbed myelin basic protein molecules.

关键词： Protein absorption Myelin basic protein cytochrome c concanavalin A Poly( l -lysine) Intermolecular force

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STUDIES ON BETA-FRUcTOSIDASE FROM RADISH SEEDLINGS .2. BIOcHEMIcAL AND IMMUNOcYTOcHEMIcAL EVIDENcE FOR cELL-WALL-BOUND FORMS INVIVO

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PLANT ScIENcE LETTERS 1983年第1期29卷 33-48页

作者： FAYE, L GHORBEL, A FAC SCI & TECH ROUEN CTR RECH BIOCHIM & PHYSIOL CELLULAIRE PHOTOBIOL LAB 203 F-76130 MT ST AIGNAN FRANCE

.beta.-Fructosidase exists as soluble and wall-bound forms in radish seedling. As an artefactual wall location of several enzymes was reported, immunocytochemical localization and biochemical investigations were used to demonstrate an effective wall binding of .beta.-fructosidase in vivo. Most of .beta.-fructosidase activity is associated with the wall in the radish seedling axis under far-red light, but soluble enzyme activity is higher than wall-bound activity in this organ from etiolated axes or in cotyledons from light grown seedlings. covalently wall-bound .beta.-fructosidase activity, low in every case precited, also increases under far-red light. From in vitro wall reassociation studies it appears that these differences in enzyme location between soluble and wall-bound forms are not linked to changes in wall binding capacity;ionic binding sites of this structure are, in the same range, greatly in excess from cotyledons or axes preparations. The carbohydrate part of the enzyme is not involved in .beta.-fructosidase wall association at least through interactions with characterized lectins. An appropriate procedure to solubilize a stable ionically bound form from the wall is described. This procedure could be applied to further comparative studies on structure of soluble and wall-bound forms of .beta.-fructosidase.

关键词： Radish β-fructosidase Intracellular localization Immunofluorescence c β covalently wall-bound β-fructosidase cIE crossed immunoelectrophoresis cP1 citrate phosphate buffer (pH 4.8) containing 20 · 10 −3 M mercaptoethanol EU enzyme units FITc fluoresceine-isothiocyanate I β ionically wall-bound β-fructosidase IgG immunoglobulin G PBS phosphate-buffered saline PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone S β soluble β-fructosidase

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Transient analysis of mixed carbon nanotube bundle interconnects

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ELEcTRONIcS LETTERS 2011年第20期47卷 1134-1135页

作者： Sathyakam, P. Uma Mallick, P. S. VIT Univ Sch Elect Engn Vellore Tamil Nadu India

Presented for the first time is an accurate modelling hierarchy for mixed cNT bundle interconnects. Single-walled cNTs and multi-walled cNTs have been modelled as equivalent single conductor transmission lines and then combined to form a mixed cNT bundle interconnect, which is basically a multiple equivalent single conductor model. Two multiple equivalent single conductor interconnects have been taken to form the multiconductor transmission line model. The delays from transient analysis for both models for a unit bundle have been compared with the corresponding ones for SWcNT bundles and MWcNTs that exist in the literature. It is found that mixed cNT bundle interconnects are superior to both SWcNT bundle and MWcNT interconnects in terms of delay.

关键词： delay Metallisation and interconnection technology Fullerene, nanotube and related devices mixed carbon nanotube bundle interconnects MWcNT interconnects Mathematical analysis carbon nanotubes multiconductor transmission line model single-walled cNT integrated circuit interconnections c multiwalled cNT mixed cNT bundle interconnects transient analysis SWcNT bundles conductor model

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HYDROGEN PERMEATION IN OPTIcAL FIBERS WITH HERMETIc cARBON cOATINGS

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ELEcTRONIcS LETTERS 1988年第21期24卷 1323-1324页

作者： LEMAIRE, PJ KRANZ, KS WALKER, KL HUFF, RG DIMARcELLO, FV AT&T Bell Laboratories Murray Hill USA

Hydrogen permeation has been measured for optical fibres with hermetic carbon coatings. Data obtained at elevated temperatures and high hydrogen pressures lead to predictions of extremely low permeation rates at typical operating conditions. In situ loss measurements have shown the existence of a lag time, during which no hydrogen reaches a fibre's interior.

关键词： Optical fibre fabrication, cladding, splicing, joining hermetic carbon coatings optical fibres operating conditions permeation rates lag time Fibre optics H2 c loss measurements seals (stoppers) protective coatings

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Experimental and theoretical investigation of sensing parameters in carbon nanotube-based DNA sensor

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IET NANOBIOTEcHNOLOGY 2018年第8期12卷 1125-1129页

作者： Nouri, Mina Meshginqalam, Bahar Sahihazar, Milad Moutab Dizaji, Raziyeh Sheydaie Pour Ahmadi, Mohammad Taghi Ismail, Razali Urmia Univ Dept Nanotechnol Orumiyeh Iran Univ Teknol Malaysia Fac Elect Engn Elect & Comp Engn Dept Johor Baharu Malaysia

Nowadays, sensitive biosensors with high selectivity, lower costs and short response time are required for detection of DNA. The most preferred materials in DNA sensor designing are nanomaterials such as carbon and Au nanoparticles, because of their very high surface area and biocompatibility which lead to performance and sensitivity improvements in DNA sensors. carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (cNTs) can be considered as a suitable DNA sensor platform due to their high surface-to-volume ratio, favourable electronic properties and fast electron transfer rate. Therefore, in this study, the cNTs which are synthesised by pulsed Ac arc discharge method on a high-density polyethylene substrate are used as conducting channels in a chemiresistor for the electrochemical detection of double stranded DNA. Moreover, the response of the proposed sensor is investigated experimentally and analytically in different temperatures, which confirm good agreement between the presented model and experimental data.

关键词： electrochemical sensors polymers arcs (electric) biological techniques nanosensors carbon nanotubes DNA c chemiresistor double stranded DNA detection cNT electronic properties surface-to-volume ratio nanoparticles biosensors electrochemical detection high-density polyethylene substrate pulsed Ac arc discharge method electron transfer rate carbon nanomaterials carbon nanotube-based DNA sensor

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cHARAcTERIZATION AND INVITRO TRANSLATION OF RNAS FROM LESS-THAN-FULL-LENGTH, VIRUS-RELATED, NUcLEOPROTEIN RODS PRESENT IN TOBAccO MOSAIc-VIRUS PREPARATIONS

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VIROLOGY 1977年第1期81卷 160-169页

作者： BEAcHY, RN ZAITLIN, M CORNELL UNIV DEPT PLANT PATHOL ITHACA NY 14853 USA

cells of plants [Nicotiana tabacum and Phaseolus vulgaris] infected with any of 3 strains of tobacco mosaic virus (the cowpea, common and a wheat strain) contain, besides full-length virus rods, a heterodisperse population of rod fragments. RNA extracted from purified virus showed that some of these rods were of discrete sizes;the RNA ranged in MW from about 0.28 to 1.7 .times. 106, containing 3''-ends identical to the original 3''-end of viral RNA, as judged by their capacities to bind a specific amino acid. Only the cowpea strain produced a rod containing a small (0.28 .times. 106 MW RNA, which the mRNA for coat protein. Each strain produced an RNA of 0.68 .times. 106 MW (intermediate-length RNA) which coded in vitro (using a wheat germ system) for an .apprx. 30,000 MW polypeptide. Other RNA (0.9 to 1.7 .times. 106 MW) were less similar in MW among the 3 strains, but the predominant in vitro product of each was also the .apprx.30,000 MW polypeptide. Peptide maps comparing the translation products of the short and intermediate RNA of the cowpea strain showed they were distinct polypeptides. At least some of the less-than-full-length viral rods found in preparations of the common and wheat strains of TMV, and those previously reported for the cowpea strain, represent the encapsidation of subgenomic portions of the viral RNA which are engendered during viral replication.

关键词： TMV strains U 1 common strain KTMV a strain isolated from wheat in Kansas c c TMV cowpea strain S-RNA Short RNA I-RNA intermediate RNA L-RNA long RNA M r molecular weight

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Design of a ternary static memory cell using carbon nanotube-based transistors

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MIcRO & NANO LETTERS 2011年第6期6卷 381-385页

作者： You, K. Nepal, K. Bucknell Univ Dept Elect Engn Lewisburg PA 17837 USA

In this Letter, the authors investigate the use of carbon nanotube-based field effect transistors (cNTFET) for the design of a ternary static random access memory (SRAM). The authors consider two designs - one using 8 transistors and the other using 14 transistors. Using circuit simulation models for cNTFETs, the authors show that both designs produce a functional ternary SRAM cell. The authors also measure the delay and power of the read-and-write operation of the ternary SRAM created using both models and show that the delays are comparable.

关键词： functional ternary SRAM cell Memory circuits c SRAM chips carbon nanotube-based field effect transistors field effect transistors cNTFET circuit simulation Fullerene, nanotube and related devices computer-aided circuit analysis and design Insulated gate field effect transistors delay measurement circuit simulation models Power and energy measurement ternary static random access memory design power measurement read-and-write operation carbon nanotubes ternary static memory cell

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