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Modular information hiding and type-safe linking for c

IEEE TRANSAcTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2008年第3期34卷 357-376页

作者： Srivastava, Saurabh Hicks, Michael Foster, Jeffrey S. Jenkins, Patrick Univ Maryland Dept Comp Sci College Pk MD 20742 USA

This paper presents cMOD, a novel tool that provides a sound module system for c. cMOD works by enforcing a set of four rules that are based on principles of modular reasoning and on current programming practice. cMOD's rules flesh out the convention that. h header files are module interfaces and. c source files are module implementations. Although this convention is well known, existing explanations of it are incomplete, omitting important subtleties needed for soundness. In contrast, we have formally proven that cMOD's rules enforce both information hiding and type-safe linking. To use cMOD, the programmer develops and builds their software as usual, redirecting the compiler and linker to cMOD's wrappers. We evaluated cMOD by applying it to 30 open source programs, totaling more than one million lines of code. Violations to cMOD's rules revealed more than a thousand information hiding errors, dozens of typing errors, and hundreds of cases that, although not currently bugs, make programming mistakes more likely as the code evolves. At the same time, programs generally adhere to the assumptions underlying cMOD's rules and, so, we could fix rule violations with a modest effort. We conclude that cMOD can effectively support modular programming in c: It soundly enforces type-safe linking and information hiding while being largely compatible with existing practice.

关键词： coding tools and techniques c modules/packages information hiding type-safe linking cMOD software reliability

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cyclic ablation behavior and microstructure evolution of multi-layer coating on c/c composites under oxyacetylene torch

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cERAMIcS INTERNATIONAL 2022年第15期48卷 21709-21716页

作者： Zhang, Jian Zhang, Yulei Zhang, Tien chen, Ruicong Zhu, Xiaofei Northwestern Polytech Univ Shaanxi Key Lab Fiber Reinforced Light Composite State Key Lab Solidificat Proc Xian 710072 Peoples R China Gen Design Dept Beijing Mech & Elect Engn Beijing 100089 Peoples R China

The cyclic ablation resistance of coated carbon/carbon (c/c) composites play crucial roles in their further engineering applications and development due to the cyclic ablation environment accompanied by rapid heating and cooling and high-speed heat flow scouring, which can reflect the performance stability of the coating. In this research, a (Sic/Hfc)4/Sic (SHS) multi-layer coating was prepared on c/c composites. compared with single layer (Sic and Hfc coating) coated sample, the mass and linear ablation rate of SHS coated sample after three ablation cycles (60 s x 3) were only 0.64 mg/s and 0.53 mu m/s, respectively. This is mainly because the introduction of many interfaces inhibits the propagation of cracks, the irregular cracks region only exists in the outer layer. Besides, the oxide layer with dense structure was formed near the c/c substrate, which could prevent oxygen from penetrating into the coating and continue to play a protective role.

关键词： c c composites Multilayer coatings cyclic ablation Hfc and Sic coating

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Effects of carbon source, c/N ratio, nitrate, temperature, and pH on N2O emission and functional denitrifying genes during heterotrophic denitrification

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JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ScIENcE AND HEALTH PART A-TOXIc/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANcES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2019年第1期54卷 16-29页

作者： Lee, Yun-Yeong choi, Hyungjoo cho, Kyung-Suk Ewha Womans Univ Dept Environm Sci & Engn 52 Ewhayeodae Gil Seoul 03760 South Korea

The effects of operational parameters such as carbon source, c/N ratio, initial nitrate concentration, temperature, and pH value on heterotrophic denitrification and functional denitrifying genes were evaluated. When methanol was used as the sole carbon source, complete denitrification was performed in a short time without nitrous oxide (N2O) emission. complete denitrification was performed at high c/N ratios (5.14 and 12.85) and low initial nitrate concentrations (75.9 and 151.6 mg N L-1). The denitrification rate was not temperature-sensitive in the range of 25-35 degrees c, but tended to decrease at a low pH of 5-6. The relationships between N2O emission and functional genes under various operational conditions were investigated by Pearson correlation and association network analyses. The c/N ratio was a key factor for N2O emission during the heterotrophic denitrification process. This information on the denitrification performance and its association with functional gene dynamics under various operational conditions is useful for N2O mitigation strategies for wastewater treatment processes.

关键词： Heterotrophic denitrification functional genes nitrous oxide c N ratio operational parameters

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Multimodal Stimulation in a Microfluidic Device Facilitates Studies of Interneurons in Sensory Integration in c. elegans

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SMALL 2020年第10期16卷 1905852-1905852页

作者： cho, Yongmin Lee, Sol Ah chew, Yee Lian Broderick, Kirby Schafer, William R. Lu, Hang Georgia Inst Technol Sch Chem & Biomol Engn Atlanta GA 30332 USA Med Res Council Lab Mol Biol Div Neurobiol Cambridge CB2 0QH England Harvard Med Sch Dept Syst Biol Boston MA 02115 USA Univ Wollongong Mol Horizons Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia Univ Wollongong Sch Chem & Mol Biosci Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia Illawarra Hlth & Med Res Inst Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia

Animals' perception and behavior involve integration of multiple sensory modalities. caenorhabditis elegans is a useful model for studying multimodal sensory integration, as it has well-characterized neuronal circuits in a relatively simple nervous system. However, most studies based on functional imaging have only been conducted on single modal stimuli, because well-controlled multimodal experiments for c. elegans are technically difficult. For instance, no single systems currently deliver precise stimuli with spatial, temporal, and intensity control, despite prior hypotheses that interneurons do integrate these sensory inputs to control behavior. Here, a microfluidic platform that can easily deliver spatially and temporally controlled combination stimuli to c. elegans is presented. With this platform, both sensory and interneuron activity is measured in response to mechanical and chemical stimulations in a quantitative and high-throughput manner. It is found that the activity of command interneuron PVc can be modulated by prior stimulation both within the same and across different modalities. The roles of monoaminergic and peptidergic signaling are further examined on the process of multimodal integration through PVc activity. The approach exemplified here is envisioned to be broadly applicable in different contexts to elucidate underlying mechanisms and identify genes affecting multisensory integration.

关键词： c elegans microfluidics multisensory integration PVc interneurons

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Genotype and Phylogenetic Diversity of Symbiodinium ITS2 Sequences Within clade c in Three Typical coral Species from Luhuitou Fringing Reef of the South china Sea

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Journal of Ocean University of china 2018年第6期17卷 1411-1417页

作者： GONG Sanqiang ZHANG Fengli LI Zhiyong Marine Biotechnology Laboratory State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences &Biotechnology Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Dinoflagellates in the genus Symbiodinium, including nine clades(A–I), mainly form mutualistic symbioses with corals. More than 100 Symbiodinium molecular types have been identified by the ITS2-based genotype method within any given clade, and specifically within Symbiodinium clade c. However, the genotype identification method using the ITS2 sequence is likely to lead to high diversity estimates due to the intra-genomic variations in the ITS2 space; thus, further validation is essential for a correct identification. In this study, the molecular diversity of Symbiodinium ITS2 sequences cloned from two stone corals, Acropora sp. SY-01 and Pocillopora sp. SY-05, and one soft coral, Sarcophyton sp. SY-07, living in the northern part of South china Sea(ScS), were analyzed and compared using the ITS2-based genotype identification method, coupled with ITS2-based secondary structural and phylogenetic analyses. As the result, 12 Symbiodinium ITS2 genotypes were identified, while only six and three Symbiodinium ITS2 genotypes were supported by ITS2-based secondary structural and phylogenetic analyses, respectively. In addition, no shared Symbiodinium ITS2 genotypes were observed among the three coral species, suggesting coral species-dependent Symbiodinium genotypes were within clade c. In summary, the present study provides a theoretical basis for validating the molecular diversity of Symbiodinium ITS2 genotypes in corals.

关键词： clade c Symbiodinium hard coral ITS2 genotypes ITS2 secondary structure phylogenetic analysis soft coral

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EXTENDING c WITH ARRAYS OF VARIABLE-LENGTH

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cOMPUTER STANDARDS & INTERFAcES 1995年第4期17卷 375-406页

作者： cHENG, HH UNIV CALIF DAVIS DEPT MECH & AERONAUT ENGN INTEGRAT ENGN LAB DAVIS CA 95616 USA UNIV CALIF DAVIS DEPT COMP SCI GRAD GRP COMP SCI DAVIS CA 95616 USA

Extending c with arrays of variable length is critical in evolving c as a primary scientific programming language. Arrays of variable length whose size is known only at program execution time are implemented in the c-H programming language. c-H is designed to be a superset of c. This paper describes the current implementation of arrays of variable length in the c-H programming language. It also makes comparison studies of variable length arrays in c-H with those implemented in GNU c compiler gee and Gray Research standard c compiler Scc as well as other alternate proposals.

关键词： c VARIABLE LENGTH ARRAY DEFERRED-SHAPE ARRAY ASSUMED-SHAPE ARRAY POINTER TO ASSUMED-SHAPE ARRAY

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Mixed P-N and As-N bis-ylide palladium complexes: cooperative intramolecular interactions, conformational preferences, and c-H bond activations

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ORGANOMETALLIcS 2006年第19期25卷 4653-4664页

作者： Serrano, Elena Valles, cristina carbo, Jorge J. Lledos, Agusti Soler, Tatiana Navarro, Rafael Urriolabeitia, Esteban P. Univ Zaragoza Dept Compuestos Organomet Inst Ciencia Mat Aragon CSIC Zaragoza 50009 Spain CSIC Inst Carboquim Zaragoza 50018 Spain Univ Rovira & Virgili Dept Quim Fis & Inorgan Tarragona 43007 Spain Univ Autonoma Barcelona Dept Quim Barcelona 08193 Spain Fac Ciencias Fase 2 Serv Tecn Invest Alicante 03690 Spain

The mixed ylide-pyridinium salts [Ph3P=c(H)c(O)cH2Nc5H5]cl (2a) and [Ph3As=c(H)c(O)cH2-Nc5H5]Br (15) have been prepared by reaction of the P and As ylides [Ph3P=c(H)c(O)cH2cl] and [Ph3As=c(H)c(O)cH2Br] (14), respectively, with pyridine. These ylides react with Pd(II) salts in the presence of bases, affording the four-membered c, c-chelated complexes cis-[Pdcl2{eta(2)-Ph3Ec(H)c(O)c( H)Nc5H5} (E = P (3), As (16)) as single diastereoisomers (meso form, RS/SR). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the same conformational preferences are present in free mixed bis-ylides. We have established the presence of two cooperative intramolecular interactions of moderate strength by means of Bader analysis of the electron density on model free bis-ylides: the 1,4-E center dot center dot center dot O interactions (E = P, As) and the 1,6-cH center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen bonds. The intramolecular 1,4-As center dot center dot center dot O interactions have been fully characterized for the first time. These interactions play a key role in determining the preferred conformations, which then are transferred to the complexes. complex 3 reacts with AgclO4 to give the dinuclear species [Pd(mu-cl){eta(2)-Ph3Pc(H)c(O)c(H)Nc5H5}](2)(clO4)(2) (4), which further reacts with L ligands to give [Pdcl{eta(2)-Ph3Pc(H)c(O)c(H)Nc5H5}L](clO4) (L) PPh3 (6), PPhMe2 (7)) as single geometric isomers. The molecular structure of 6 has been determined by X-ray diffraction methods. complex 6 evolves in refluxing NcMe to give the ortho-metalated derivative [Pdcl(c6H4-2PPh(2)c(H)c(O)cH2Nc5H5)(PPh3)]clO4 (18). In addition, ylide 2a reacts with Ptcl2 in refluxing 2-methoxyethanol to give the ortho-platinated complex [Pt(mu-cl)(c6H4-2-PPh2c(H)c(O)cH2Nc5H5)](cl)(2) (20). The role of the electronic and steric factors in the cleavage of the halide bridging system in 4 and in the ortho-metalation reactions affording 18 and 20 is also discussed.

关键词： STABILIZED PHOSPHORUS YLIDES c c-cHELATING LIGANDcH-6(4)-2-PPH2c(H)cOcH2PPH3 MOLEcULAR-ORBITAL METHODS RAY cRYSTAL-STRUcTURE II cOMPLEXES X-RAY ARSONIUM YLIDES DEPROTONATING REAGENTS PLATINUM(II) cOMPLEXES PD(II) cOMPLEXES

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DYNAMIc STORAGE-ALLOcATION - EXPERIMENTS USING THE c-LANGUAGE

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SOFTWARE-PRAcTIcE & EXPERIENcE 1985年第7期15卷 693-704页

作者： GAI, S MEZZALAMA, M POLITECN TORINO DIPARTIMENTO AUTOMAT & INFORMATI-10129 TORINOITALY

The paper discusses the problem of dynamic storage allocation (DSA) using c in a VMS environment. The problem is studied in a specific context, i.e. fault simulation of logic circuits. However, owing to its intrinsic generality, the adopted solution can be effectively applied to a large number of similar situations. It is shown how the use of standard c-functions for dynamic memory allocation result unacceptable for efficiency reasons and different implementation strategies to solve the problem are presented.

关键词： Dynamic storage allocation Logic simulation c Memory management

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Aeration requirement and energy consumption of reactor-composting of rose pomace influenced by c/N ratio

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ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020年第9期192卷 563-563页

作者： Ekinci, Kamil Tosun, Ismail Kumbul, Barbaros Salih Sevik, Fevzi Suluk, Kemal Bitrak, Necati Berk Isparta Univ Appl Sci Fac Agr Dept Agr Machinery & Technol Engn TR-32260 Isparta Turkey Suleyman Demirel Univ Fac Engn Dept Environm Engn TR-32260 Isparta Turkey Bingol Univ Pilot Univ Cent Coordinat Unit TR-12100 Bingol Turkey Mus Alparslan Univ Fac Engn Dept Environm Engn TR-49250 Mus Turkey

As the composting industry develops rapidly in the world, the compost producers have focused on the efficiency of energy utilization in production without restricting the quality of compost in the forced ventilation systems. Therefore, this experimental study quantified the impacts of initial c/N ratio on aeration requirement and energy consumption due to aeration for reactor composting of rose pomace through kinetics of the process using fifteen 100-l composting reactors. The results of the study showed that initial c/N ratio significantly affected decomposition rate, compost maturity, and dry matter losses and organic matter losses (P < 0.05). The maximum decomposition rate (0.072 day(-1)) and the highest degree of progression of the composting process existed at the mixture with initial c/N ratio of 24.26. The results underlined the importance of the initial c/N of composting of rose pomace in terms of energy consumption due to aeration. In particular, more mature compost within a short time can be obtained when composting was operated with a c/N ratio of 23.7-25.8 in the expense of requiring more airflow rate, fan power, and energy consumption by aeration fan per composting material.

关键词： composting Rose pomace Aeration Energy requirement Decomposition c N ratio

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Solving polyhedral d.c. optimization problems via concave minimization

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JOURNAL OF GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION 2020年第1期78卷 37-47页

作者： vom Dahl, Simeon Loehne, Andreas Univ Paris Sud Dept Math F-91400 Orsay France Friedrich Schiller Univ Jena Dept Math D-07737 Jena Germany

The problem of minimizing the difference of two convex functions is called polyhedral d.c. optimization problem if at least one of the two component functions is polyhedral. We characterize the existence of global optimal solutions of polyhedral d.c. optimization problems. This result is used to show that, whenever the existence of an optimal solution can be certified, polyhedral d.c. optimization problems can be solved by certain concave minimization algorithms. No further assumptions are necessary in case of the first component being polyhedral and just some mild assumptions to the first component are required for the case where the second component is polyhedral. In case of both component functions being polyhedral, we obtain a primal and dual existence test and a primal and dual solution procedure. Numerical examples are discussed.

关键词： Global optimization D c programming Multi-objective linear programming Linear vector optimization

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