The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of homocysteine (Hcy) on cD36, PPAR gamma, and c/EBP alpha gene and protein expression in adipose tissue obtained from normal and high-calorie diet obesity model...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of homocysteine (Hcy) on cD36, PPAR gamma, and c/EBP alpha gene and protein expression in adipose tissue obtained from normal and high-calorie diet obesity models. cD36, PPAR gamma, and c/EBP alpha gene expression and protein levels in adipose tissue specimens were determined using the RT-PcR and ELISA methods, respectively. Significantly increased cD36 gene expression was observed in adipose tissue from obese mice, while Hcy significantly reduced cD36 gene expression in adipose tissue from normal and obese mice. PPAR gamma and c/EBP alpha gene expression levels decreased significantly in all groups compared to the normal group. In addition, levels of both PPAR gamma and c/EBP alpha gene expression were lower with Hcy supplementation compared to their own controls. In conclusion, Hcy's reduction of cD36 gene expression in adipose tissue may be one probable factor in hyperhomocysteinemia representing an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.
Background Darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/c/F/TAF) 800/150/200/10 mg was investigated in AMBER (treatment-naive adults;NcT02431247) and EMERALD (treatment-experienced, virologically-suppre...
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Background Darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/c/F/TAF) 800/150/200/10 mg was investigated in AMBER (treatment-naive adults;NcT02431247) and EMERALD (treatment-experienced, virologically-suppressed adults;NcT02269917). Objective To describe a Week 96 pre-planned subgroup analysis of D/c/F/TAF arms by demographiccharacteristics (age <=/>50 years, gender, black/non-black race), and baseline clinical characteristics (AMBER: viral load [VL], cD4(+) count, WHO clinical stage, HIV-1 subtype and antiretroviral resistance;EMERALD: prior virologic failure [VF], antiretroviral experience, screening boosted protease inhibitor [PI], and boosting agent). Methods Patients in D/c/F/TAF and control arms could continue on/switch to D/c/F/TAF in a single-arm, open-label extension phase after Week 48 until Week 96. Efficacy endpoints were percentage cumulative confirmed VL >= 50 copies/mL (virologic rebound;EMERALD), and VL <50 (virologic response), or >= 50 copies/mL (VF) (FDA snapshot;both trials). Results D/c/F/TAF demonstrated high Week 96 virologic responses (AMBER: 85% [308/362];EMERALD: 91% [692/763]) and low VF rates (AMBER: 6% [20/362];EMERALD: 1% [9/763]). In EMERALD, D/c/F/TAF showed low virologic rebound cumulative through Week 96 (3% [24/763]). Results were consistent across subgroups, including prior antiretroviral experience in EMERALD. No darunavir, primary PI, or tenofovir resistance-associated mutations were observed post-baseline. Study-drug-related serious adverse events (AEs) and AE-related discontinuations were <1% and 2%, respectively (both D/c/F/TAF arms), and similar across subgroups. eGFR(cyst) and bone mineral density improved or were stable and lipids increased through Week 96 across demographic subgroups, with small changes in total-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio. conclusions D/c/F/TAF was effective with a high barrier to resistance and bone/renal safety benefits, regardless of demographic or clinical characteristics for treatme
Understanding the radiation-induced microstructure evolution of carbon fibers is crucial for c/Siccomposites as they are considered promising structural materials for high-temperature gas-cooled nuclear reactors. In ...
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Understanding the radiation-induced microstructure evolution of carbon fibers is crucial for c/Siccomposites as they are considered promising structural materials for high-temperature gas-cooled nuclear reactors. In this study, M55J c/Sic and T300 c/Siccomposites were irradiated up to 9.8 dpa at 350 degrees c. AFM results suggested that both two carbon fibers shrank axially after irradiation. At a given irradiation dose, the shrinkage of M55J fibers was slightly lower than that of T300 fibers. Detailed microstructure characterization further revealed that the graphite structure in both two carbon fibers was disrupted due to ion irradiation. In contrast to M55J fibers, the ordering degree for T300 fibers increased at low dose range and diminished at higher doses. Possible mechanisms for the healing process occurring in T300 fibers were discussed.
Zr-1Sn-0.35Fe-0.15cr-xNb (x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, wt%) alloys were designed to explore the effect of oxygen concentrations and Nb contents on the uniform corrosion behavior of the alloys. Results showed that the effect ...
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Zr-1Sn-0.35Fe-0.15cr-xNb (x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, wt%) alloys were designed to explore the effect of oxygen concentrations and Nb contents on the uniform corrosion behavior of the alloys. Results showed that the effect of trace Nb content on the uniform corrosion behavior of Zr alloys is related to the DO concentrations in steam;DO can accelerate the corrosion of the alloys, and this effect is enhanced with the increase of the DO concentrations. A mechanism of the accelerated corrosion rate by Nb and DO was proposed, which provides theoretical guidance for the selection of fuel cladding materials for small nuclear reactors.
In this study, Fe-based composite coatings were produced on a medium carbon steel surface by the Tungsten inert gas method. The microstructure and phase structure of the coatings were analyzed by an optical microscope...
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In this study, Fe-based composite coatings were produced on a medium carbon steel surface by the Tungsten inert gas method. The microstructure and phase structure of the coatings were analyzed by an optical microscope with clemex image analysis, scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometer. The results show that the coating is metallurgically bonded to the substrate when it is produced with sufficient energy input. In the microstructure of Fe-cr-ccoatings, hexagonal-shaped M7c3 carbides solidified in gamma-(Fe,cr) eutectic matrix, while in Fe-cr-c/Nbccomposite coatings, quadrangular-shaped Nbccarbides solidified. As the amount of FeNb melted increased, the amount of Nbc in the structure increased.
Manganese-ion batteries (MIBs) involving aqueous electrolytes are regarded as next-generation energy-storage systems for utilization in safe and non-flammable, grid-scale energy-storing appliances. For practical appli...
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Manganese-ion batteries (MIBs) involving aqueous electrolytes are regarded as next-generation energy-storage systems for utilization in safe and non-flammable, grid-scale energy-storing appliances. For practical application, it is very important to establish a stable cathode with a high capacity and stable cycle life. In this respect, vanadium-based layered oxides have been well demonstrated as suitable cathodes for aqueous-electrolyte-based batteries due to their high theoretical capacity and adequate working voltage. However, the dissolution of vanadium in the aqueous electrolyte directly affects the cycle life of the vanadium-based layered oxides. In the present study, a carbon-coating approach is established to boost the rate capability and cycling stability of the NaV6O15 (NVO) cathode. When employed as a cathode for MIBs, the carbon-coated NaV6O15 (NVO/c) supplies a stable recoverable capacity of 149 mAh g(-1) at 0.4 A g(-1) after the 1600 consecutive cycles with 88 % capacity retention, along with a rapid Mn2+ storage ability of 6000 cycles at 3.0 A g(-1) with 74 % capacity retention.
Na4MnV(PO4)(3)/c (NMVP) has been considered an attractive cathode for sodium-ion batteries with higher working voltage and lower cost than Na3V2(PO4)(3)/c. However, the poor intrinsic electronicconductivity and Jahn-...
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Na4MnV(PO4)(3)/c (NMVP) has been considered an attractive cathode for sodium-ion batteries with higher working voltage and lower cost than Na3V2(PO4)(3)/c. However, the poor intrinsic electronicconductivity and Jahn-Teller distortion caused by Mn3+ inhibit its practical application. In this work, the remarkable effects of Zr-substitution on prompting electronic and Na-ion conductivity and also structural stabilization are reported. The optimized Na3.9Mn0.95Zr0.05V(PO4)(3)/c sample shows ultrafast charge-discharge capability with discharge capacities of 108.8, 103.1, 99.1, and 88.0 mAh g(-1) at 0.2, 1, 20, and 50 c, respectively, which is the best result for cation substituted NMVP samples reported so far. This sample also shows excellent cycling stability with a capacity retention of 81.2% at 1 c after 500 cycles. XRD analyses confirm the introduction of Zr into the lattice structure which expands the lattice volume and facilitates the Na+ diffusion. First-principle calculation indicates that Zr modification reduces the band gap energy and leads to increased electronicconductivity. In situ XRD analyses confirm the same structure evolution mechanism of the Zr-modified sample as pristine NMVP, however the strong Zr-O bond obviously stabilizes the structure framework that ensures long-term cycling stability.
Lithium-sulfur batteries have emerged as one of the promising next-generation energy storage devices. However, the dissolution and shuttling of polysulfides in the electrolyte leads to a rapid decrease in capacity, se...
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Lithium-sulfur batteries have emerged as one of the promising next-generation energy storage devices. However, the dissolution and shuttling of polysulfides in the electrolyte leads to a rapid decrease in capacity, severe self-discharge, and poor high-temperature performance. Here, we demonstrate the design and preparation of a Mo2c nanoparticle-embedded carbon nanosheet matrix material (Mo2c/c) and its application in lithium-sulfur battery separator modification. As a polar catalyst, Mo2c/ccan effectively adsorb and promote the reversible conversion of lithium polysulfides, suppress the shuttle effect, and improve the electrochemical performance of the battery. The lithium-sulfur battery with the Mo2c/c =-modified separator showed a good rate of performance with high specificcapacities of 1470 and 799 mAh g(-1) at 0.1 and 2 c, respectively. In addition, the long-cycle performance of only 0.09% decay per cycle for 400 cycles and the stable cycling under high sulfur loading indicate that the Mo2c/c-modified separator holds great promise for the development of high-energy-density lithium-sulfur batteries.
cyclopropane derivates are appealing to synthesis of high-energy-density fuels because of the high strained energy of the three-numbered ring. The catalyticcyclopropanation of olefin with diazomethane is very effecti...
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cyclopropane derivates are appealing to synthesis of high-energy-density fuels because of the high strained energy of the three-numbered ring. The catalyticcyclopropanation of olefin with diazomethane is very effective to construct the carbocycle. The majority of the catalysts employed are nonrecyclable homogeneous compounds. Herein, we report cyclopropanation of polycyclic olefins catalyzed by heterogeneous Pd/c. The optimal cyclopropanation conditions were explored utilizing dicyclopentadiene as model substrate and a series of polycyclic olefins were cyclopropanated with high yield. Additionally, the catalyst has good recyclability and stability, as shown by characterizations as well as the fact that no inactivation happens after cyclopropanation. The synthesized cyclopropane derivates exhibit good fuel characteristics like high density (1.006-1.087 g/cm(3)), high volumetric net heat of combustion (42.58-46.45 kJ/cm(3)), good low-temperature and combustion performance. This work shows industrial potential for cyclopropanation of polycyclic olefins with diazomethane.
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