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channel selection algorithm Optimized for Improved Performance in Cognitive Radio Networks

WIRELESS PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS 2021年第4期119卷 3161-3178页

作者： Tlouyamma, Joseph Velempini, Mthulisi Univ Limpopo Dept Comp Sci Polokwane South Africa

A major concern in the recent past was the traditional static spectrum allocation which gave rise to spectrum underutilization and scarcity in wireless networks. In an attempt to solve this challenge, cognitive radios technology was proposed. It allows a spectrum to be accessed dynamically by Cognitive radio users or secondary users (SU). Dynamic access can efficiently be achieved by making necessary adjustment to some Medium access control (MAC) layer functionalities such as sensing and channel allocation. MAC protocols play a central role in scheduling sensing periods and channel allocation which ensure that the interference is reduced to a tolerable level. In order to improve the accuracy of sensing algorithm, necessary adjustments should be made at MAC layer. Sensing delays and errors are major challenges in the design of a more accurate spectrum sensing algorithm. This study focuses on designing a channel selection algorithm to efficiently utilize the spectrum. channels are ordered and grouped to allow faster discovery of channel access opportunities. The ordering is based on descending order of channel's idling probabilities. Grouping of channels ensured that channels are sensed simultaneously. These two techniques greatly reduce delays and maximized throughput of SU. Hence, Extended Generalized Predictive channel selection algorithm, a proposed scheme has significantly performed better than its counterpart (Generalized Predictive channel selection algorithm). Matlab simulation tool was used to simulate and plot the results of the proposed channel selection algorithm.

关键词： Cognitive radio Spectrum sensing channel selection algorithm Medium access control

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channel selection algorithm for Cognitive Radio Networks with Heavy-Tailed Idle Times

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING 2017年第5期16卷 1258-1271页

作者： Sengottuvelan, Senthilmurugan Ansari, Junaid Maehoenen, Petri Venkatesh, T. G. Petrova, Marina Indian Inst Technol Madras Dept Elect Engn Chennai 600036 Tamil Nadu India Rhein Westfal TH Aachen Inst Networked Syst D-52062 Aachen Germany

We consider a multichannel Cognitive Radio Network (CRN), where secondary users sequentially sense channels for opportunistic spectrum access. In this scenario, the channel selection algorithm (CSA) allows secondary users to find a vacant channel with the minimal number of channel switches. Most of the existing CSA literature assumes exponential ON-OFF time distribution for primary user's (PU) channel occupancy pattern. This exponential assumption might be helpful to get performance bounds;but not useful to evaluate the performance of CSA under realistic conditions. An in-depth analysis of independent spectrum measurement traces reveals that wireless channels have typically heavy-tailed PU OFF times. In this paper, we propose an extension to the Predictive CSA framework and its generalization for heavy tailed PU OFF time distribution, which represents realistic scenarios. In particular, we calculate the probability of channel being idle for hyper-exponential OFF times to use in CSA. We implement our proposed CSA framework in a wireless test-bed and comprehensively evaluate its performance by recreating the realistic PU channel occupancy patterns. The proposed CSA shows significant reduction in channel switches and energy consumption as compared to Predictive CSA which always assumes exponential PU ON-OFF times. Through our work, we show the impact of the PU channel occupancy pattern on the performance of CSA in multichannel CRN.

关键词： channel selection algorithm cognitive radio network heavy-tailed distribution hyper-exponential distribution

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Conditionally Randomized channel selection algorithm for Multi-channel MAC Protocol in Ad Hoc Networks

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IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2011年第4期E94B卷 940-950页

作者： Han, Bin Kawanishi, Ken'ichi Gunma Univ Dept Comp Sci Kiryu Gunma 3768515 Japan

The Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol that uses non-overlapping multiple channels, called the multi-channel MAC protocol, was proposed in order to increase the capacity of ad hoc networks. Since the number of packet interfaces on each node is less than the number of channels in ad hoc networks in general, the node needs to select a suitable channel for data transmission. This means that the multi-channel MAC protocol must be provided with a good channel selection algorithm. In this paper, we design a channel selection algorithm called Conditionally Randomized channel selection (CRCS) based on Extended Receiver Directed Transmission (xRDT) protocol that only uses one packet interface. Briefly, CRCS uses the acitve channel for data transmission until the amount of data packets reaches a threshold, at which point it selects one of the available channels other than the active channel. Although CRCS is a very simple channel selection algorithm, by using network simulator we find that CRCS is effective to increase the capacity of ad hoc networks and to keep the load balance of all channels compared to the other channel selection algorithms.

关键词： multi-channel MAC channel selection algorithm ad hoc networks randomization load balance network capacity

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Bluetooth Low Energy Interference Awareness Scheme and Improved channel selection algorithm for Connection Robustness

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SENSORS 2021年第7期21卷 2257-2257页

作者： Pang, Bozheng T'Jonck, Kristof Claeys, Tim Pissoort, Davy Hallez, Hans Boydens, Jeroen Katholieke Univ Leuven Dept Comp Sci DistriNet M Grp Bruges Campus B-8200 Brugge Belgium Katholieke Univ Leuven Dept Elect Engn WaveCoRE M Grp Bruges Campus B-8200 Brugge Belgium

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is a popular wireless communication protocol heavily used in Internet of Things applications. Nowadays, robustness is considered a key requirement in wireless communication. However, radio interference from various sources may affect the performance of BLE devices, leading to channel congestion. Therefore, there is a broadly recognized need of methodologies capable of sensing and avoiding interference. In this paper, two improvements at the data link layer for interference detection and channel selection are proposed to enhance the BLE connection robustness. This paper also presents a wide range of experimental evaluations aiming at validating the improvements and providing insights on both these improvements. Particularly, the communication performance of the BLE link layer is assessed in terms of channel usage distribution, supervision timeout ratio (STR) and packet loss rate (PLR) under different interference environments. Results from these experiments (reliability over 97% and 99% under two different harsh environments) highlight the effects of both improvements on the BLE robustness. Meanwhile, the authority of scheduling the whole mechanism is given to the link layer and even the higher application layer. This paper provides a set of solutions for BLE confronting interference in link layer.

关键词： Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) link layer interference channel selection algorithm reliability robustness

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Link selection schemes for avoiding channel contention 4

Link selection schemes for avoiding channel contention

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4th International Workshop on Design of Reliable Communication Networks (DRCN 2003)

作者： Yu, F Sinha, RK Doverspike, R Cortez, B Strand, J Univ Calif Berkeley Dept EECS Berkeley CA 94720 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780381181

This paper describes methods to reduce channel contention during distributed setup of high-speed connections in a mesh network of Cross-Connects (XCs) [1]. A particular aspect of contention addressed here is when two different connection requests arrive on a pair of adjacent XCs and they choose the same restoration channels from spare inventory. Such a contention problem is often referred to as "glare". This paper gives channel selection methods that considerably reduce glare, while at the same time maintaining large groups of channels (for future high speed connections) across multiple, parallel links. We establish the benefit of our approach in a typical intercity backbone network. As shown in the simulation results, our channel selection mechanism can eliminate almost all the glare compared to the previously known algorithms, "Best-fit" and "Hi-Lo".

关键词： channel selection algorithm restoration mesh restoration

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Anti-jamming channel access in 5G ultra-dense networks: a game-theoretic learning approach

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Digital Communications and Networks 2023年第2期9卷 523-533页

作者： Yunpeng Zhang Luliang Jia Nan Qi Yifan Xu Meng Wang College of Communications Engineering Army Engineering University of PLANanjing210007China School of Space Information Space Engineering UniversityBeijing101416China College of Electronic and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing210016China

This paper investigates the Quality of Experience(QoE)oriented channel access anti-jamming problem in 5th Generation Mobile Communication(5G)ultra-dense ***,considering that the 5G base station adopts beamforming technology,an anti-jamming model under Space Division Multiple Access(SDMA)conditions is ***,the confrontational relationship between users and the jammer is formulated as a Stackelberg ***,to achieve global optimization,we design a local cooperation mechanism for users and formulate the cooperation and competition among users as a local altruistic *** proving that the local altruistic game is an Exact Potential Game(EPG),we further prove the existence of pure strategy Nash Equilibrium(NE)among users and Stackelberg Equilibrium(SE)between users and ***,to obtain the equilibrium solutions of the proposed games,we propose an anti-jamming channel selection algorithm and improve its convergence speed through heterogeneous learning *** simulation results validate the convergence and effectiveness of the proposed *** with the throughput optimization scheme,our proposed scheme obtain a greater network satisfaction ***,we also analyze user fairness changes during the algorithm convergence process and get some interesting conclusions.

关键词： Anti-jamming 5G Ultra-dense networks Stackelberg game Exact potential game channel selection algorithm

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Polychromatic set theory-based spectrum access in cognitive radios

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IET COMMUNICATIONS 2012年第8期6卷 909-916页

作者： Li, S. Wang, X. Swansea Univ Coll Engn Swansea SA2 8PP W Glam Wales

In this study, the authors have investigated a dynamic spectrum access method for cognitive radio (CR) networks by using polychromatic sets (PS) theory. First, a power control model is proposed in which the transmission power at a CR node can be calculated by considering both the primary radio (PR)-to-CR and PR-to-PR interference under a specific outage probability. In order to allocate the available spectrum among the CR nodes in a spectrum overlay scenario, the authors further propose a channel selection algorithm based on PS. This study also gives a framework of the PS-based method and concludes with future work describing the practical implementation of the proposed framework. Effectiveness of proposed method is demonstrated through an example application.

关键词： dynamic spectrum access method Electromagnetic compatibility and interference cognitive radios Legislation, frequency allocation and spectrum pollution probability PR-to-PR interference spectrum overlay scenario Combinatorial mathematics CR node interference (signal) channel allocation set theory power control model channel selection algorithm transmission power primary radio Radio links and equipment radio spectrum management polychromatic set theory-based spectrum access cognitive radio outage probability Other topics in statistics

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A flexible contention resolution scheme for QoS provisioning in optical burst switching networks

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COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS 2006年第12期29卷 2361-2376页

作者： Turuk, Ashok K. Kumar, Rajeev Natl Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci & Engn Orissa 769008 India Indian Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci & Engn Kharagpur 721302 W Bengal India

Contention resolution is a major issue in bufferless optical burst switching (OBS) networks. The existing contention resolution schemes consider priority and arrival time to resolve contention. For most multimedia applications priority and delay are key parameters for QoS provisioning. In this paper, we propose a new signaling protocol for reducing contention in OBS networks and consider three parameters, namely, priority of the burst, number of hops traversed, and burst size into account to resolve contention. The source node in the proposed protocol can be informed of the contention up to halfway along the path of the burst, and thus, can reschedule the burst accordingly. The scheme is adaptable to both prioritized and delay constrained traffic. We call the scheme OBS-Flex. For selecting a data channel, we propose three channel selection algorithms, namely, Least Recently Used (LRU), First Fit (FF), and Priority Set (PS). We simulate OBS-Flex and compare with preemptive priority just-enough-time (PPJET) contention resolution scheme. We show that OBS-Flex outperforms PPJET in terms of burst loss rates. For simulation, we have considered Poisson and bursty traffic models. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： optical burst switching wavelength division multiplexing QoS contention resolution blocking probability channel selection algorithm poisson and bursty traffic

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Performance of CDPD with timed hop and forced hop

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WIRELESS NETWORKS 2001年第1期7卷 33-42页

作者： Chuang, YM Lin, YB Tsai, WN Natl Chiao Tung Univ Dept Comp Sci & Informat Engn Hsinchu 30050 Taiwan

Cellula, Digital Packet Data (CDPD) offers mobile users access to a low-cost, ubiquitous, wireless data network. CDPD can be overlaid on existing AMPS analog cellular systems and share their infrastructure equipment on a non-interfering basis. To prevent interference with the voice activities, CDPD performs forced hop to a channel stream when a voice request is about to use the RF channel occupied by that channel stream. In addition? several timers and system parameters are defined in CDPD to ensure that the normal AMPS activities are not affected by CDPD. This article investigates how the channel selection algorithms, the timers and other parameters affect the performance of AMPS/CDPD systems. Specifically, we study the trade-off between mean CDPD channel holding time and voice incompletion probability. Our study indicates that if AMPS exercises the most-idle channel selection algorithm and CDPD exercises the least-idle channel selection algorithm, then the largest mean CDPD channel holding time is expected. On the other hand, if AMPS exercises the least-idle channel selection algorithm, then the smallest voice incompletion probability is expected.

关键词： Cellular Digital Packet Data channel selection algorithm forced hop timed hop

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channel allocation algorithms for coexistence of LR-WPAN with WLAN

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IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2008年第5期E91B卷 1627-1631页

作者： Han, Sangjin Lee, Sungjin Lee, Sanghoon Kim, Yeonsoo Yonsei Univ Wireless Network Lab Seoul 120749 South Korea USN Res Dept Adv Technol Lab Seoul South Korea

This paper presents a coexistence model of IEEE 802.15.4 with IEEE 802.11b interference in fading channels and proposes two adaptive channel allocation schemes. The first avoids the IEEE 802.15.4 interference only and the second avoids both of the IEEE 802.15.4 and IEEE 802.11b interferences. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithms are effective for avoiding interferences and for maximizing network capacity since they select a channel which gives the maximum signal to noise ratio to the system.

关键词： IEEE 802.15.4 coexistence packet error probability channel selection algorithm fading channels

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