The development of nursing information systems (NIS) is often hampered by the fact that nursing lacks a unified nursing terminology and classification system. Currently there exist various initiatives in this area. We...
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The development of nursing information systems (NIS) is often hampered by the fact that nursing lacks a unified nursing terminology and classification system. Currently there exist various initiatives in this area. We address the question as to how current initiatives in the development of nursing terminology and classification systems can contribute towards the development of NIS. First, the rationale behind the formalization of nursing knowledge is discussed. Next, using a framework for nursing information processing, the most important developments in the field of nursing on formalization, terminology and classification are critically reviewed. The initiatives discussed include nursing terminology projects in several countries, and the International classification of Nursing Practice. Suggestions for further developments in the area are discussed. Finally, implications for NIS are presented, as well as the relationships of these components to other sections of an integrated computerized patient record.
Data from population-based cancer registries provide information on the causes and outcome of cancer and form a basis for important decisionmaking in connection with the prevention of cancer and the planning of health...
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Data from population-based cancer registries provide information on the causes and outcome of cancer and form a basis for important decisionmaking in connection with the prevention of cancer and the planning of health services. This makes it of the utmost importance to assess the data at all stages of collection to ensure the highest possible quality. The present study focuses on the quality of the Cancer Registry of Norway's data on head and neck cancer for the period 1953-1991. When the study was started, 16,104 cases of head and neck malignancies had been registered. Al histological codes were reviewed. The pathologists' reports were reevaluated for 369 cases selected according to set criteria: 133 cases received a new histological code without being exluded from the data material;112 cases were excluded. The distribution of histological diagnoses for each location is presented. A reevaluation of 300 cases selected at random from the corrected series indicates discrepancies between the pathologist's classification and the Registry's coding in less than 2% (1.4%) of all cases. The percentage that lacked histological verification fell from 5.7% in the first decade to 2.1% during the last 9-year period. Completeness of the Cancer Registry's data base was checked against hospital-based registries and this investigation showed that virtually all new cases are reported. We conclude that the data on head and neck cancer for the studied time period meet standards that justify their use as a basis for epidemiological as well as clinical studies.
The representation of medical concepts should provide the flexibility required to support several purposes. We have implemented a model in which medical terms are represented in a standard format based on a semantic d...
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The representation of medical concepts should provide the flexibility required to support several purposes. We have implemented a model in which medical terms are represented in a standard format based on a semantic description of the terms. We have focused on the description of procedures. Underlying this project is the assumption that information about medical procedures is crucial in the healthcare system. A prototype has been developed for urology. Because of the large number of terms in the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) and the abundance of links between them, we have experimented in the use of the UMLS as the foundation for our concept base. We assess the usefulness of this approach and discuss its improvements
In many educational applications of the computer, systems are designed to contain information or knowledge that is to be conveyed to the student or user via an interactive learning scheme. In contrast, most NLM system...
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In many educational applications of the computer, systems are designed to contain information or knowledge that is to be conveyed to the student or user via an interactive learning scheme. In contrast, most NLM systems strive merely to increase the user´s access to the broad range of published scientific literature, or to link the user to appropriate factual databases.
Providing or enhancing access is, of course, made more difficult than in didactic systems because of the relatively large size of the files that make up the bibliographic and factual databases. For example, the MEDLARS files contain over 12 million records, made up of roughly thirty billion online characters.
Users send electronic queries to these files on-line via commercial valueadded networks (24 hrs/day, 365 days/year), in total about 4 million queries per year. Of the 4 million, approximately half of the queries were (in the opinion of the users polled) prompted by questions that arose in caring for a particular patient. The remaining 2 million queries concerned research, teaching, and public policy.
This paper presents an efficient computerized method for forming group technology part families using a goal programming based multiobjective clustering analysis with a group technology classification and coding syste...
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This paper presents an efficient computerized method for forming group technology part families using a goal programming based multiobjective clustering analysis with a group technology classification and coding system. The success of group technology applications rests on the effective formation of part families and subsequent efficient retrieval of part family data for rationalization of design and manufacturing. Due to the magnitude of this task, it is necessary to use a computer. A mathematical model and computer program were developed to improve the efficiency of applying this method in practice. The proposed method was tested and proved using actual industrial data.
A model is a strategic aid which can be defined as an aspect system with a higher abstraction stratum whose purpose is to study another system. Many different types of models exist. A classification is proposed that d...
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A model is a strategic aid which can be defined as an aspect system with a higher abstraction stratum whose purpose is to study another system. Many different types of models exist. A classification is proposed that distinguishes between two different main dimensions: descriptive, explanatory and predictive; and qualitative and quantitative. General systems thinking enables an understanding of problems with inter‐relations between the many aspect systems, by developing a better understanding between the related disciplines. It also offers a method by which to tackle complex problems using a certain level of abstraction.
Inventory parts numbering systems based on grouping items according to technological commonality have frequently been used for both part identification and classification. While these systems may reduce design and pr...
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Inventory parts numbering systems based on grouping items according to technological commonality have frequently been used for both part identification and classification. While these systems may reduce design and procurement costs, they may also lead to parts duplication and to difficulty in retrieving parts, both within the firm - for maintaining production process flow - and outside the firm - for meeting the needs of customers and vendors. An effective parts numbering system must be designed with the user in mind. Such a system must separate the functions of component identification and classification, assigning a separate identification and classification code for each part. Item identification numbers for parts must be assigned sequentially, defining access to parts on the basis of their unique specification, status, and location. Subsequently, parts can be classified into groups according to their commonality of features or uses for the purposes of production and inventory management.
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