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closed-loop Systems and Real-Time Neurofeedback in Mindfulness Meditation Research

BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY-COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2025年第4期10卷 377-383页

作者： Chen, Joseph C. C. Ziegler, David A. Univ Calif San Francisco Dept Neurol San Francisco CA USA Univ Calif San Francisco Neuroscape San Francisco CA 94143 USA Univ Calif San Francisco Weill Inst Neurosci San Francisco CA 94143 USA

Mindfulness meditation has numerous purported benefits for psychological well-being;however, problems such as adherence to mindfulness tasks, quality of mindfulness sessions, or dosage of mindfulness interventions may hinder individuals from accessing the purported benefits of mindfulness. Methodologies including closed-loop systems and real-time neurofeedback may provide tools to help bolster success in mindfulness task performance, titrate the exposure to mindfulness interventions, or improve engagement with mindfulness sessions. In this review, we explore the use of closed-loop systems and real-time neurofeedback to influence, augment, or promote mindfulness interventions. Various closed-loop neurofeedback signals from functional magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography have been used to provide subjective correlates of mindfulness states including functional magnetic resonance imaging region-of-interest-based signals (e.g., posterior cingulate cortex), functional magnetic resonance imaging network-based signals (e.g., default mode network, central executive network, salience network), and electroencephalography spectral-based signals (e.g., alpha, theta, and gamma bands). Past research has focused on how successful interventions have aligned with the subjective mindfulness meditation experience. Future research may pivot toward using appropriate control conditions (e.g., mindfulness only or sham neurofeedback) to quantify the effects of closed-loop systems and neurofeedback-guided mindfulness meditation in improving cognition and well-being.

关键词： closed-loop EEG fMRI Meditation Mindfulness Neurofeedback

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Artificial Flexible closed-loop Tactile Systems

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ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES 2025年

作者： Gu, Jianfeng Wang, Huihui Li, Donghui Zhang, Xinmin Ji, Xinyi Liang, Jiajie Nankai Univ Natl Inst Adv Mat Sch Mat Sci & Engn Tianjin 300350 Peoples R China Nankai Univ Coll Chem Key Lab Funct Polymer Mat Minist Educ Tianjin 300350 Peoples R China

Tactility allows humans to quickly perceive external stimuli and respond accordingly. It plays a crucial role in human-environment interaction. Mimicking the human closed-loop tactile system with artificial electronic devices has profound implications for prosthetics and intelligent robots. Highly flexible and wearable electronic devices emerge as promising platforms for building artificial tactile systems. Among them, hydrogel electronic skins and electronic textiles make significant advancements owing to their excellent tissue compatibility, mechanical properties, conductivity, and multifunctionality. Nowadays, they can function as sensors to monitor external stimuli or as actuators to mimic and trigger muscle movement. In addition, advanced signal analysis units are integrated to enable the tactile system to interpret the collected signals. This review explores the key advancements in the intrinsic properties of hydrogels and functional fibers and evaluates the feasibility of hydrogel electronic skins and electronic textiles for developing artificial flexible closed-loop tactile systems. The continuous development of artificial flexible closed-loop tactile systems can not only facilitate the in-depth integration of artificial intelligence and the human sensory system but also exert a profound and positive influence on numerous fields such as medicine, scientific research, and industrial manufacturing.

关键词： closed-loop electronic textiles flexible hydrogel electronic skins tactile systems

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Dareplane: a modular open-source software platform for BCI research with application in closed-loop deep brain stimulation

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JOURNAL OF NEURAL ENGINEERING 2025年第2期22卷 026029-026029页

作者： Dold, Matthias Pereira, Joana Sajonz, Bastian Coenen, Volker A. Thielen, Jordy Janssen, Marcus L. F. Tangermann, Michael Radboud Univ Nijmegen Donders Inst Brain Cognit & Behav Data Driven Neurotechnol Lab Nijmegen Netherlands Maastricht Univ Med Ctr Dept Clin Neurophysiol Maastricht Netherlands Maastricht Univ Mental Hlth & Neurosci Res Inst Maastricht Netherlands Univ Freiburg Fac Med Med Ctr Dept Stereotact & Funct Neurosurg Freiburg Germany Univ Freiburg BrainLinks BrainTools Ctr Freiburg Germany

Objective. This work introduces Dareplane, a modular and broad technology-agnostic open source software platform for brain-computer interface (BCI) research with an application focus on adaptive deep brain stimulation (aDBS). One difficulty for investigating control approaches for aDBS resides with the complex setups required for aDBS experiments, a challenge Dareplane tries to address. Approach. The key features of the platform are presented and the composition of modules into a full experimental setup is discussed in the context of a Python-based orchestration module. The performance of a typical experimental setup on Dareplane for aDBS is evaluated in three benchtop experiments, covering (a) an easy-to-replicate setup using an Arduino microcontroller, (b) a setup with hardware of an implantable pulse generator, and (c) a setup using an established and CE certified external neurostimulator. The full technical feasibility of the platform in the aDBS context is demonstrated in a first closed-loop session with externalized leads on a patient with Parkinson's disease receiving DBS treatment and further in a non-invasive BCI speller application using code-modulated visual evoked potential (c-VEP). Main results. The platform is implemented and open-source accessible on https://***/bsdlab/Dareplane. Benchtop results show that performance of the platform is sufficient for current aDBS latencies, and the platform could successfully be used in the aDBS experiment. The timing-critical c-VEP speller could be successfully implemented on the platform achieving expected information transfer rates. Significance. The Dareplane platform supports aDBS setups, and more generally the research on neurotechnological systems such as BCIs. It provides a modular, technology-agnostic, and easy-to-implement software platform to make experimental setups more resilient and replicable.

关键词： deep brain stimulation closed-loop open source software brain-computer interface electrophysiology brain-machine interface c-VEP

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Enhancing sustainability in PET glycolysis by closed-loop recycling

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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE 2025年 307卷

作者： Schlueter, Maria Zimmer, Jonathan Held, Christoph Wohlgemuth, Kerstin TU Dortmund Univ Dept Biochem & Chem Engn Lab Plant & Proc Design D-44227 Dortmund North Rhine Wes Germany TU Dortmund Univ Dept Biochem & Chem Engn Lab Thermodynam D-44227 Dortmund North Rhine Wes Germany

Glycolysis is a mild process for the chemical recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), but still lacks efficiency due to high waste streams. The aim of this work therefore is to facilitate recycling of ethylene glycol (EG) reactant/solvent and homogeneously dissolved zinc acetate (ZnAc2) catalyst as well as dissolved product bis(2-hydroxyethyl)terephthalate (BHET) in the water-free PET glycolysis process. Through a combined approach of re-dosing and washing we saved 48.6 +/- 0.5% of EG and 50.0 +/- 5.2% of ZnAc2. By incorporating the collection of evaporated EG during BHET drying/re-polymerization, additional 35% of EG could further be saved in each of the five duplicate runs. While applying an optimized washing procedure in the recycling experiments, an equilibrium PET conversion was consistently reached after 150min of reaction time. Furthermore, the overall process yield was maintained at 80.6 +/- 1.8% in the recycling runs and the waste stream generation was reduced to a minimum. This study highlights the viability and environmental advantages of internal recycling, paving the way for a more sustainable and cost-effective PET glycolysis process.

关键词： PET BHET Monomer Catalyst Glycolysis Recycling Integrated process closed-loop

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closed-loop Stimulation Approaches and Memory Consolidation in Animals

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CURRENT SLEEP MEDICINE REPORTS 2025年第1期11卷 1-11页

作者： Reith, Tobias Zhang, Shu Marshall, Lisa Univ Lubeck Inst Expt & Clin Pharmacol & Toxicol Lubeck Germany Ctr Brain Behav & Metab CBBM Lubeck Germany Univ Hosp Schleswig Holstein Lubeck Germany

Purpose of ReviewSleep rhythms - particularly the coupling between cortical slow oscillations, thalamo-cortical spindles and hippocampal ripples - are proposed to contribute to multi-regional interactions crucial for memory consolidation. Animal studies are optimal to assess activity of deeper lying brain structures. Our systematic review, aims to assess animal studies employing closed-loop stimulation in the context of sleep-associated memory consolidation, to compare findings and methodologies, and provide suggestions for future research from a translational *** FindingsResults highlight the functional relevance of temporal coupling between sleep rhythms, but also disclose a high temporal and spatial specificity of responses, and dependence on the firing of neuromodulatory ***-loop stimulation procedures present a means to experimentally investigate causal relationships between network activity and behavior, but also network neuroplasticity. It is suggested to investigate the possibility of substituting visual detection steps by machine learning. Furthermore, the inclusion of female subjects is encouraged.

关键词： Sleep Memory consolidation closed-loop Mice Rat Animal

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Promoting vocabulary learning during sleep at home using closed-loop targeted memory reactivation

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JOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH 2025年 e70000页

作者： Salfi, Federico D'Atri, Aurora Arnone, Benedetto Corigliano, Domenico Amicucci, Giulia Viselli, Lorenzo Naccarato, Federica Festucci, Fabiana Tempesta, Daniela Ferrara, Michele Univ LAquila Dept Biotechnol & Appl Clin Sci Via Vetoio I-67100 Laquila AQ Italy Sapienza Univ Rome Dept Psychol Rome Italy

Targeted memory reactivation represents an established technique for promoting sleep-dependent memory consolidation in laboratory studies. This investigation aimed to test the potentiality of a wearable electroencephalography-based closed-loop targeted memory reactivation system to boost vocabulary learning in home settings. In the evening, 24 adults (23.58 years +/- 3.36 years, 19 females) were asked to learn the Italian translation of 40 pseudowords (test session). Subsequently, participants slept at their home wearing an electroencephalography headband (Dreem 2), and half of the pseudowords were acoustically re-presented (cued) following the real-time detection of slow waves. After the awakening, memory recall of the Italian translations was retested. The stimulation effect was evaluated by comparing the test-retest variations in memory accuracy between cued and uncued pseudowords. Moreover, we assessed the event-related potentials and spectral perturbations induced by the cued stimuli during sleep, comparing the electrophysiological correlates of correctly translated pseudowords with incorrectly translated ones at the retest session. closed-loop targeted memory reactivation increased the translation accuracy for cued pseudowords (+8.6%), while no significant test-retest variation for uncued items was observed (-4.6%). Time-frequency analysis indicated a spectral power increase in the spindle frequency band coinciding with the second positive peak of the sound-elicited slow wave as the correlate of successful morning recall. This study extended the targeted memory reactivation effectiveness in enhancing vocabulary learning to an ecological home environment, providing further support to the role of spindle activity in the targeted memory reactivation effect. A wearable closed-loop targeted memory reactivation system could represent a memory-enhancement tool in real-world settings by promoting the hallmark sleep electroencephalographic rhythms of memory consolidati

关键词： closed-loop home setting spindle activity targeted memory reactivation vocabulary learning wearable EEG system

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Single-X-Ray Sensitive Energy-Binning Dosimeter for closed-loop Cancer External-Beam Radiotherapy

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IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS 2025年第4期60卷 1423-1436页

作者： Lall, Rahul Lee, Kyoungtae Cunha, Adam Abergel, Rebecca Seo, Youngho Niknejad, Ali M. Anwar, Mekhail Univ Calif Berkeley Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Berkeley CA 94720 USA Univ Calif San Francisco Dept Radiat Oncol San Francisco CA 94158 USA Daegu Gyeongbuk Inst Sci & Technol Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Daegu 42988 South Korea Univ Calif Berkeley Dept Nucl Engn Berkeley CA 94720 USA Univ Calif San Francisco Dept Radiol San Francisco CA 94158 USA

X-ray radiation dose delivered during cancer external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) is nonlinear with the biological effect imparted to cancer cells and neighboring healthy tissues. This oftentimes leads to insufficient damage to cancer cells and excessive damage to the surrounding healthy tissues, both increasing toxicity and the risk of cancer recurrence later in life for many patients. An understanding of X-ray energy deposition at the single-X-ray level is, therefore, necessary to improve the efficacy of cancer radiotherapy. Here, we present a single-X-ray sensitive, energy-binning integrated circuit (IC)-based dosimeter, fabricated in 180 nm CMOS technology, to enable closed-loop cancer radiotherapy for personalized patient treatment. We use small 3 x 3 mu m reverse-biased deep n-well (DNWELL) diodes designed at low capacitive nodes (C-diode), such that the miniscule charge deposition (Q(dep)) from single X-rays at these nodes generates a voltage signal large enough to be sensed (V-diode = Q(dep)/C-diode). In order to enable single-X-ray energy resolution without significant power and area, we implement an analog voltage supply (AVDDH) similar to log resistor grid to create a sensitivity gradient across the 76 x 55 pixel array. The IC-based dosimeter was tested under scenarios consistent with the treatment of shallow lesions (e.g., skin cancer, superficial tumors, intraoperative radiotherapy). The system is highly linear with radiation dose (10-250 cGy) and accurately tracks dose up to 2 cm deep in tissue for 50-, 70-, and 100-kV X-ray beams.

关键词： Cancer Radiation therapy Photonics Energy resolution Electrons Uncertainty Scattering Energy measurement Detectors Biological tissues X-ray dosimeter cancer radiotherapy closed-loop

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A Novel closed-loop Electrical Brain Stimulation Device Featuring Wireless Low-Energy Ultrasound Power and Communication

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NEUROMODULATION 2025年第3期28卷 455-463页

作者： Neimat, Joseph S. Bina, Robert W. Koenig, Steven C. Demirors, Emrecan Guida, Raffaele Burke, Ryan Melodia, Tommaso Jimenez, Jorge Univ Louisville Dept Neurol Surg Louisville KY USA Univ Louisville Dept Bioengn Louisville KY USA Univ Louisville Dept Cardiovasc & Thorac Surg Louisville KY USA Bionet Sonar Newton MA USA

Objectives: This study aimed to indicate the feasibility of a prototype electrical neuromodulation system using a closed-loop energy-efficient ultrasound-based mechanism for communication, data transmission, and recharging. Materials and Methods: closed-loop deep brain stimulation (DBS) prototypes were designed and fabricated with ultrasonic wideband (UsWB) communication technology and miniaturized custom electronics. Two devices were implanted short term in anesthetized G & ouml;ttingen minipigs (N = 2). Targeting was performed using preoperative magnetic resonance imaging, and locations were confirmed postoperatively by computerized tomography. DBS systems were tested over a wide range of stimulation settings to mimic minimal, typical, and/or aggressive clinical settings, and evaluated for their ability to transmit data through scalp tissue and to recharge the DBS system using UsWB. Results: Stimulation, communication, reprogramming, and recharging protocols were successfully achieved in both subjects for amplitude (1V-6V), frequency (50-250 Hz), and pulse width (60-200 mu s) settings and maintained for >= six hours. The precision of pulse settings was verified with <5% error. Communication rates of 64 kbit/s with an error rate of 0.05% were shown, with no meaningful throughput degradation observed. Time to recharge to 80% capacity was <9 minutes. Two DBS systems also were implanted in the second test animal, and independent bilateral stimulation was successfully shown. Conclusions: The system performed at clinically relevant implant depths and settings. Independent bilateral stimulation for the duration of the study with a 4F energy storage and full rapid recharge were achieved. Continuous function extrapolates to six days of continuous stimulation in future design iterations implementing application specific integrated circuit level efficiency and 15F storage capacitance. UsWB increases energy efficiency, reducing storage requirements and thereby enabling device

关键词： closed-loop Brain stimulation ultrasound Wireless Neuromodulation

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Engineered promoter-free insulin-secreting cells provide closed-loop glycemic control

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LIFE SCIENCES 2025年 371卷 123587页

作者： Li, Yumin He, Cong Younis, Doulathunnisa Ahamed Ni, Chengming Liu, Rui Sun, Zilin Lin, Hao Wang, Yuxin Zhu, Pengyu Xiao, Zhongdang Sun, Bo Southeast Univ Sch Biol Sci & Med Engn State Key Lab Digital Med Engn Nanjing 210096 Jiangsu Peoples R China UConn Hlth Sch Med Dept Immunol 263 Farmington Ave Farmington CT 06030 USA Jiangsu Second Normal Univ Coll Life Sci & Chem Key Lab Innovat Applicat Bioresources & Funct Mol Nanjing 210013 Peoples R China Southeast Univ Zhongda Hosp Sch Med Inst DiabetDept Endocrinol Nanjing 210008 Jiangsu Peoples R China Southeast Univ Zhongda Hosp Sch Med Dept Clin Sci & Res Nanjing 210009 Peoples R China Univ Suwon Coll Nat Sci Dept Genet Engn Kyunggi Do 445743 South Korea

Diabetes mellitus is currently a priority health issue worldwide, but existing therapies suffer from insufficient donors, inability to provide glucose-dependent endogenous insulin secretion, transplantation risks, and immune rejection. Especially, reported engineered cells are mostly promoter-induced glucose-independent insulin producing cells. Here we constructed a closed-loop of insulin secretion with glucose-dependent IRES to achieve glucose-sensitive endogenous insulin secretion. Those cells successfully reversed hyperglycemia in diabetic mice for at least 60 days after transplantation without any significant immune rejection, demonstrating that our constructed engineered cellular grafts have good biocompatibility. Our findings hold great promise in the field of diabetes treatment and provide a new, glucose-dependent genetic engineering approach to insulin production, which is expected to solve many of the current problems faced in the clinical treatment of diabetes mellitus.

关键词： FGF2IRES CRISPR/Cas9 Diabetes Insulin insulin-producing cells closed-loop

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closed-loop Solar Tracking Control Strategy to Correct Drift in a CPV System Using Image Processing

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PROCESSES 2025年第4期13卷

作者： Gonzalez-Camarillo, Hector Perez-Rabago, Carlos A. Calleja-Valdez, Ramiro Perez-Enciso, Ricardo Arturo Garcia-Gutierrez, Rafael Estrada-Gasca, Claudio A. Galindo-Luna, Yuridiana R. Univ Nacl Autonoma MexicoPriv Xochicalco Inst Energias Renovables Temixco 62580 Mexico Univ Sonora Fac Interdisciplinaria Ingn Dept Ingn Quim & Met Blv Encinas & Rosales Hermosillo 83000 Mexico Univ Sonora Fac Interdisciplinaria Ingn Dept Ingn Ind Blv Encinas & Rosales Hermosillo 83000 Mexico Univ Sonora Fac Interdisciplinaria Ciencias Exactas & Nat Dept Fis Blv Encinas & Rosales Hermosillo 83000 Mexico Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa Dept Ingn Proc & Hidraul Div Ciencias Basicas & Ingn Ave Ferrocaril San Rafael Atlixco 186Col Leyes Re Ciudad De Mexico 09310 Mexico

Tracking the apparent movement of the sun with high precision is crucial in dual-axis tracking systems for solar concentration applications. It is important to develop control strategies to reduce losses by solar radiation displacement (drift) on the receiver and improve the solar concentration system. In concentrated photovoltaics, a high-precision tracking control is required to keep the concentration point. This paper compares open-loop and closed-loop solar tracking control strategies to solve drift problems and correct azimuth and elevation angles in a non-image reflective FRESNEL solar concentrator. The open-loop strategy consists of a programming code to calculate the apparent sun position, sending command signals to the actuator systems in azimuth and elevation tracker axes. In the open-loop strategy, the actual position of the sun is not verified. A closed-loop strategy with a visual monitoring device is proposed here to detect the sun's position in real time. This can be simultaneously compared with a fixed reference to evaluate drift through time, calculate the generated error, and send feedback signals to correct azimuth and elevation angles. With this configuration, displacement containment of the solar point concentration projection was +/- 0.00215 m in the azimuth direction and +/- 0.0027 m in the elevation direction on the receiver.

关键词： solar energy solar tracking control strategy closed-loop

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