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Enhancing the clustering process in the category model load profiling

IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION 2015年第7期9卷 655-665页

作者： Panapakidis, Ioannis P. Alexiadis, Minas C. Papagiannis, Grigoris K. Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki Power Syst Lab Sch Elect & Comp Engn GR-54124 Thessaloniki Greece

Load profiling based consumer categorisation is a procedure that involves stages such as the proper representation of the load data, the selection of one or more pattern recognition algorithms, the assessment of their performance, the formation of daily load curve clusters for each consumer and the formation of the final consumer clusters. This study proposes improvements for every stage, while a new stage is introduced to enhance the whole procedure. All the pattern representation techniques of the load profiling related literature are examined together with the most widely used clustering algorithm, namely the K-means. Two novel modified forms of the algorithm are introduced, specially designed by the authors for the problem under study. The aim is to optimally group together similar daily demand patterns to provide exploitable information to the utilities and the retailers for the efficient design and implementation of innovative energy services, targeted to the different consumer categories.

关键词： customer profiles principal component analysis demand side management clustering process category model load profiling consumer categorisation load data pattern recognition algorithms daily load curve clusters innovative energy services

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ESCAPE OF RESOURCES IN A DISTRIBUTED clustering process

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ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS IN PROBABILITY 2010年第none期15卷 442-448页

作者： Van den Berg, Jacob Hilario, Marcelo R. Holroyd, Alexander E. Vrije Univ Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands IMPA Rio De Janeiro Brazil Univ British Columbia Vancouver BC V5Z 1M9 Canada

In a distributed clustering algorithm introduced by Coffman, Courtois, Gilbert and Piret [1], each vertex of Z(d) receives an initial amount of a resource, and, at each iteration, transfers all of its resource to the neighboring vertex which currently holds the maximum amount of resource. In [4] it was shown that, if the distribution of the initial quantities of resource is invariant under lattice translations, then the flow of resource at each vertex eventually stops almost surely, thus solving a problem posed in [2]. In this article we prove the existence of translation-invariant initial distributions for which resources nevertheless escape to infinity, in the sense that the the final amount of resource at a given vertex is strictly smaller in expectation than the initial amount. This answers a question posed in [4].

关键词： clustering process random spanning tree

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An Automated clustering process for Helping Practitioners to Identify Similar EV Charging Patterns across Multiple Temporal Granularities 10

An Automated Clustering Process for Helping Practitioners to...

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10th International Conference on Smart Cities and Green ICT Systems (SMARTGREENS)

作者： Richard, Rene Cao, Hung Wachowicz, Monica Univ New Brunswick People Mot Lab Fredericton NB Canada RMIT Melbourne Vic Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9789897585128

Electric vehicles (EVs) are part of the solution towards cleaner transport and cities. clustering EV charging events has been useful for ensuring service consistency and increasing EV adoption. However, clustering presents challenges for practitioners when first selecting the appropriate hyperparameter combination for an algorithm and later when assessing the quality of clustering results. Ground truth information is usually not available for practitioners to validate the discovered patterns. As a result, it is harder to judge the effectiveness of different modelling decisions since there is no objective way to compare them. In this work, we propose a clustering process that allows for the creation of relative rankings of similar clustering results. The overall goal is to support practitioners by allowing them to compare a cluster of interest against other similar clusters over multiple temporal granularities. The efficacy of this analytical process is demonstrated with a case study using real-world Electric Vehicle (EV) charging event data from charging station operators in Atlantic Canada.

关键词： Agglomerative Hierarchical clustering EV Adoption Charging Infrastructure Usage Patterns clustering process Cluster Validity Indices

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Non-Parametric Seismic Fragility Curves of SDOF Systems Based on a clustering process

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JOURNAL OF EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI 2023年第3期17卷

作者： Yaghmaei-Sabegh, Saman Neekmanesh, Shabnam Univ Tabriz Dept Civil Engn Tabriz Iran

Most non-parametric methods to extract the fragility curves are based on simulated records which not only can impose additional computational efforts, but also may not represent stochastic nature of real ground motion records. Therefore, a new classification-based procedure is proposed in this study to extract the seismic fragility curves using real ground, motion records. Generally, providing an applicable method for record selection to achieve acceptable non-parametric fragility curves with the aim of minimizing the computational efforts can be the main novelty of this study. The proposed non-parametric method which uses a clustering process on the records based on their intensity measure (IM), can considerably decrease the number of required nonlinear analyses. A large group of real ground motion records concluding 12,580 earthquake records is selected as input dataset for extracting the fragility curves. Subsequently, a classification process based on two effective parameters of source to site distance and magnitude is proposed in the framework of the non-parametric method. Results show that the classification process can lead to more accurate curves rather than the one obtained using the whole input data where mean probability difference between the obtained curve and a benchmark fragility curve can be decreased between 2.05% and 4.38% by using a smaller set of records. As another result, the number of 8-12 clusters can lead to comparatively smooth and acceptable fragility curves for real ground motion records. Generally, a significant reduction (over than half) can be reached in the number of required analyses by selecting an appropriate set of records and a suitable number of clusters.

关键词： Seismic fragility curve real ground motion database non-parametric method intensity measure (IM) clustering process source to site distance moment magnitude

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Implementation of price-based demand response programs through a load pattern clustering process

Implementation of price-based demand response programs throu...

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MedPower 2014

作者： I.P. Panapakidis S.I. Frantza G.K. Papagiannis Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki GR

ISBN: (纸本)9781510814097

This study addresses the problem of the optimal design of price-based Demand Response (DR) programs such as Real-Time Pricing (RTP) utilizing the load profiling tool. The proposed model corresponds to a profit maximization problem of a retailer that serves a group of residential consumers. Through a clustering process the consumers are grouped together in several clusters. For each cluster a dynamic tariff is offered that is specially design to fit to the typical load pattern of the cluster. The sensitivity of the demand over the offered selling price is modeled through a price responsive demand function. Apart from implementing different demand functions, the flexibility of the proposed model offers a selection of different clustering algorithms and different retailer pricing policy.

关键词： Demand Response Load Profiling Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming Retailer Profit Maximization Demand-Responsive load pattern clustering process clustering algorithms Mixed integer linear programming

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Consensus reaching for large-scale group decision making: A gain-loss analysis perspective

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EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS 2025年 272卷

作者： Zhong, Xiangyu Cao, Jing Yi, Wentao Du, Zhijiao Fuzhou Univ Sch Econ & Management Fuzhou 350108 Fujian Peoples R China Xiangtan Univ Sch Publ Adm Xiangtan 411105 Hunan Peoples R China Hunan Univ Finance & Econ Sch Business Adm Changsha 410205 Hunan Peoples R China Sun Yat Sen Univ Business Sch Shenzhen 518107 Guangdong Peoples R China

Large-scale group decision making (LSGDM) is increasingly prevalent in practical scenarios, with consensus reaching being a crucial aspect that concerns the effectiveness and efficiency of the decision-making process. This paper proposes an innovative consensus reaching method for LSGDM, adopting a novel perspective that focuses on gains and losses. First, the gains and losses of experts during the clustering process are computed using recognition increment and representativeness decrement, which are combined to determine their utility. By ensuring that experts receive a high level of utility, a clustering method is proposed to categorize a large number of experts into distinct clusters. Then, an optimization model is presented to determine the weights of clusters, with the objective of maximizing the utility of clusters. Next, a feedback mechanism is developed, grounded in the concept of gains and losses, to enhance consensus levels. During the feedback adjustment process, the gains and losses of clusters are assessed based on changes in consensus levels and the adjustment costs incurred when clusters modify their information. These gains and losses are combined to determine the utility of clusters, serving as the foundation for designing the feedback mechanism. Finally, an application example of blockchain platform selection is presented, along with comparative analyses to validate the proposed method.

关键词： Large-scale group decision making (LSGDM) Consensus reaching process (CRP) clustering process Cluster weights Gain-loss

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Super-reduced Polyoxometalates in Aqueous Solution: Historical Perspectives and Current Challenges

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EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2025年第12期28卷

作者： Falaise, Clement Univ Paris Saclay Inst Lavoisier Versailles UVSQ UMR CNRS 8180 45 Ave Etats Unis F-78035 Versailles France

Polyoxometalates (POMs) represent a versatile class of molecular metal oxides often described as "electron reservoir" or "electron sponge" due to their remarkable ability to store and transfer electrons. These properties make them highly attractive for applications in electrochemical-energy storage systems, such as batteries or supercapacitors. This contribution reports the historical milestones and modern advancements of the super-reduced POMs in aqueous solution, focusing on systems constructed from molybdenum and tungsten centers. Particular attention is given to the pioneering work of Souchay and his students, who, between the 1960s and 1980s, published a series of articles (originally in French) that highlighted the exceptional super-reducibility of Keggin-type POMs. The aim of this work is to guide researchers interested in using POMs for electrochemical energy storage applications, and to identify future challenges in the chemistry of super-reduced POMs.

关键词： Polyoxometalates Electrochemistry Super-reduction Metal-metal bonds clustering process

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Formation process of empty and metal-containing fullerenes - Molecular dynamics and FT-ICR studies

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FULLERENE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 1999年第4期7卷 621-636页

作者： Maruyama, S Yamaguchi, Y Kohno, M Yoshida, T Univ Tokyo Dept Engn Mech Tokyo Japan Univ Tokyo Inst Engn Res Tokyo Japan

The formation mechanism of empty and metal-containing fullerene was studied through MD (molecular dynamics) simulations and FT-ICR (Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance) mass spectroscopy of laser vaporized carbon cluster. Multi-body classical potential functions for metal-carbon and metal-metal interactions were constructed based on DFT (density functional theory) calculations of various forms of small clusters MCn and M-n (M = La, Sc, Ni). Using the modified Brenner potential for carbon-carbon interaction, the clustering process starting from 500 isolated carbon atoms and 5 metal atoms in gas phase was simulated under the controlled temperature condition at 3000K. The difference of clustering process of La@C-n, Sc@C-n and NiCn were compared with empty fullerene formation simulation. FT-ICR mass spectrometer directly connected to the laser vaporization cluster beam source was implemented in order to experimentally study the clustering process. The increase of cluster nozzle pressure roughly corresponded to the later stage of the molecular dynamics simulation. The FT-ICR mass spectra of metal-carbon composite clusters were compared for various sample materials used for are-discharge generation of metal-containing fullerene and SWNT (single-wall carbon nanotube);La, Y, Sc, Gd, Ce, Ca, and Ni-Y. Positive La-C, Y-C, Sc-C, Gd-C, Ce-C binary clusters commonly showed strong MC2n+ signal in the range of 36 < 2n with intense magic numbers at MC44+, MC50+ and MC60+. It was speculated that the even-numbered clusters corresponded to the annealed random caged clusters observed in the MD simulation.

关键词： Fullerenes Metals Molecular dynamics Computer simulation Mass spectrometry Carbon Laser beams Vaporization Probability density function Atoms Temperature Electric arcs Nanotubes Formation process Metal containing fullerenes Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectroscopy Laser vaporized carbon cluster Density functional theory Brenner potential clustering process Multi body classical potential functions empty Nanotubes Molecular Dynamics laser beams Vaporization clustering process Metals Probability density function Atoms Clusters Fullerenes formation process density functional theory

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Nucleation and growth in freely expanding gases

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PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS 1998年第3-4期254卷 389-410页

作者： Schmelzer, JWP Labudde, D Ropke, G Univ Rostock Fachbereich Phys D-18051 Rostock Germany

A model is developed for the description of clustering processes in first-order phase transformations in freely expanding gases. The theory results in a set of first-order differential equations describing the evolution of the cluster size distribution, the time dependence of the thermodynamic parameters of the system like particle density, pressure, temperature as well as of the rate of expansion of the gas. The model considerations do not require as a basic preposition the assumption of an isentropic expansion of the gas. Therefore, based on the theoretical approach developed, the effect of clustering on the entropy and other thermodynamic state functions of the system can be studied in detail. Solutions of the set of equations are given and possible applications (expansion of atomic, molecular and nucleonic gases) are discussed. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Expand clustering process NUCLEAT TIME DEPENDENCE Thermodynamics Gases Phase transtormations size distribution Expansion Differential equations

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Short-range order and diffusion processes in the Na_1-xBi_xF_1+2x anion-excess solid solution

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MATERIALS LETTERS 2002年第3期53卷 138-144页

作者： El Omari, M Hafidi, E El Omari, M Abaouz, A Yacoubi, A Reau, JM Sénégas, J ICMCB F-33608 Pessac France Moulay Ismail Univ Fac Sci Dept Chem Meknes Morocco

The F- diffusion processes within the anion-excess solid solution Na1-xBixF1+2x with fluorite-type structure have been studied by F-19-NMR investigation. Two types of fluoride ions, F-n and F', are distinguished in the F-19-NMR spectra of rigid lattice at low temperature (T = 175 K) and the distribution of fluoride ions among the two sites is determined by deconvolution of the experimental spectra. The short-range order in these materials is analogous to the clustering process observed in the K1-xBixF1+2x solid solution. It corresponds to an order between cubic entities and cubooctaedral clusters. Two diffusion mechanisms are identified on both sides of a T-r temperature. The first one at T < T-r corresponds to an F- ions exchange inside cubic or cubooctaedral clusters independently, and the second at T > T-r to an F- exchange between cubic and cubooctaedral clusters. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： F- diffusion F-19-NMR investigation Fluorite-type structure clustering process

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