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Conference on Enhanced and Synthetic Vision 1999

作者： Brooks, G USAF Adv Guidance Div RL Munit Directorate Eglin AFB FL 32542 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819431656

coarse-coding is the transformation of raw data using a small number of broadly overlapping filters. These filters may exist in time, space, color, or other information domains. Inspired by models of natural vision processing, intensity and color information has been previously encoded and successfully decoded using coarse coding(1). The color and intensity of objects within test images were successfully retrieved after passing through only two coarse filters arranged in a checkerboard fashion. It was shown that a consequence of such a filter is a natural edge enhancement of the objects within the image. coarse-coding is considered here in a signal processing frequency domain and in a sensory spectral filtering domain. Test signals include single frequency, multiple frequency, and signals with broad frequency content. Gaussian-based filters are used to discriminate between different signals of arbitrary frequency content The effects of Gaussian shape changes and spectral contrasting techniques are demonstrated. Consequences in filter parameter selection are further discussed.

关键词： coarse coding broadband filters vision processing vision filters vision models early vision

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(coarse coding of shape fragments) plus (retinotopy) ≈ representation of structure

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SPATIAL VISION 2000年第2-3期13卷 255-264页

作者： Edelman, S Intrator, N Cornell Univ Dept Psychol Ithaca NY 14853 USA Brown Univ Inst Brain & Neural Syst Providence RI 02912 USA

The ability to deal with object structure - to determine what is where in a given object, rather than merely to categorize or identify it - has been hitherto considered the prerogative of 'structural description' approaches, which represent shapes as categorical compositions of generic parts taken from a small alphabet. In this note, we propose a simple extension to a theoretically motivated and extensively tested appearance-based model of recognition and categorization, which should make it capable of representing object structure. We describe a pilot implementation of the extended model, survey independent evidence supporting its modus operandi, and outline a research program focused on achieving a range of object processing capabilities, including reasoning about structure, within a unified appearance-based framework.

关键词： object recognition view-based representation coarse coding structure binding by retinotopy

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Path Integration Mechanism with coarse coding of Neurons

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NEURAL PROCESSING LETTERS 2011年第3期34卷 277-291页

作者： Kim, DaeEun Lee, Jiwon Yonsei Univ Biol Cybernet Lab Sch Elect & Elect Engn Seoul 120749 South Korea

Many animals can return home accurately after exploring for food using their own homing navigation algorithm. Path integration plays a critical role in homing navigation. It is believed that animals are able to recognize their relative location from the nest by accumulating both distance and direction experienced during their travel. We tested possible patterns of neuronal organization for a path integration mechanism. The neural networks consisted of a circular array of neurons, following population coding. We describe here a neural model of path integration involving a relatively small number of neurons and discuss how well the model operates for homing navigation. Robotic simulations suggest that a neural structure with only a few sensor neurons can successfully handle the path integration needed for homing navigation.

关键词： Path integration Homing navigation coarse coding Population coding Circular array neurons

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Generalisation of a novel implicit treatment for coarse coding deficit in right hemisphere brain damage: A single-participant experiment

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APHASIOLOGY 2012年第5期26卷 689-708页

作者： Tompkins, Connie A. Scharp, Victoria L. Meigh, Kimberly M. Blake, Margaret Lehman Wambaugh, Julie Univ Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA Univ Houston Houston TX USA Univ Utah Salt Lake City UT USA VA Salt Lake City Healthcare Syst Salt Lake City UT USA

Background: This manuscript reports generalisation effects of Contextual Constraint Treatment for an adult with right hemisphere brain damage (RHD). Contextual Constraint Treatment is designed to stimulate inefficient language comprehension processes implicitly, by providing linguistic context to prime, or constrain, the intended interpretations of treatment stimuli. The study participant had a coarse coding deficit, defined as delayed mental activation of particularly distant semantic features of words (e. g., rotten as a feature of "apple"). Treatment effects were expected to generalise to auditory comprehension of narrative discourse, and perhaps to figurative language interpretation, because coarse coding has been hypothesised and/or demonstrated to support these abilities. Aims: This treatment study aimed to induce generalisation of Contextual Constraint Treatment in an adult with RHD with inefficient coarse coding. Methods & Procedures: The participant in this study was a 75-year-old man with RHD and a coarse coding deficit. A single-participant experimental design across behaviours (stimulus lists) was used to document performance in baseline, treatment, and follow-up phases. Treatment consisted of providing brief, spoken context sentences to prestimulate, or constrain, intended interpretations of stimulus items. The participant made no explicit associations or metalinguistic judgements about the constraint sentences or stimulus words;rather these contexts served only as implicit primes. Probe tasks were adapted from prior work on coarse coding in RHD. The dependent measure was the percentage of responses that met predetermined response time criteria. There were two levels of contextual constraint, Strong and Moderate. Treatment for each item began with the provision of the Strong constraint context, to minimise the production or reinforcement of erroneous or exceedingly slow responses. Generalisation was assessed to a well-standardised measure of narrative d

关键词： Language comprehension Language comprehension treatment Language therapy Right hemisphere Brain damage coarse coding

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Contextual Constraint Treatment for coarse coding deficit in adults with right hemisphere brain damage: Generalisation to narrative discourse comprehension

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NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL REHABILITATION 2015年第1期25卷 15-52页

作者： Blake, Margaret Lehman Tompkins, Connie A. Scharp, Victoria L. Meigh, Kimberly M. Wambaugh, Julie Univ Houston Dept Commun Sci & Disorders Houston TX 77204 USA Univ Pittsburgh Dept Commun Sci & Disorders Pittsburgh PA USA Univ Utah Salt Lake City UT USA VA Salt Lake City Healthcare Syst Salt Lake City UT USA

coarse coding is the activation of broad semantic fields that can include multiple word meanings and a variety of features, including those peripheral to a word's core meaning. It is a partially domain-general process related to general discourse comprehension and contributes to both literal and non-literal language processing. Adults with damage to the right cerebral hemisphere (RHD) and a coarse coding deficit are particularly slow to activate features of words that are relatively distant or peripheral. This manuscript reports a pre-efficacy study of Contextual Constraint Treatment (CCT), a novel, implicit treatment designed to increase the efficiency of coarse coding with the goal of improving narrative comprehension and other language performance that relies on coarse coding. Participants were four adults with RHD. The study used a single-subject controlled experimental design across subjects and behaviours. The treatment involved pre-stimulation, using a hierarchy of strong and moderately biased contexts, to prime the intended distantly related features of critical stimulus words. Three of the four participants exhibited gains in auditory narrative discourse comprehension, the primary outcome measure. All participants exhibited generalisation to untreated items. No strong generalisation to processing non-literal language was evident. The results indicate that CCT yields both improved efficiency of the coarse coding process and generalisation to narrative comprehension.

关键词： Brain damage coarse coding Language therapy Right hemisphere Language comprehension treatment

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Fuzzy logic and coarse coding using programmable logic devices

Fuzzy logic and coarse coding using programmable logic devic...

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Conference on the Bio-Inspired/Biomimetic Sensor Technologies and Applications

作者： Brooks, Geoffrey Florida State Univ Tallahassee FL 32306 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819475879

Naturally-occurring sensory signal processing algorithms, such as those that inspired fuzzy-logic control, can be integrated into non-naturally-occurring high-performance technology, such as programmable logic devices, to realize novel bio-inspired designs. Research is underway concerning an investigation into using field programmable logic devices (FPLD's) to implement fuzzy logic sensory processing. A discussion is provided concerning the commonality between bio-inspired fuzzy logic algorithms and coarse coding that is prevalent in naturally-occurring sensory systems. Undergraduate design projects using fuzzy logic for an obstacle-avoidance robot has been accomplished at our institution and other places;numerous other successful fuzzy logic applications can be found as well. The long-term goal is to leverage such biomimetic algorithms for future applications. This paper outlines a design approach for implementing fuzzy-logic algorithms into reconfigurable computing devices. This paper is presented in an effort to connect with others who may be interested in collaboration as well as to establish a starting point for future research.

关键词： natural sensory design natural sensory systems fuzzy-logic control coarse coding

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Fine analog coding minimizes information transmission

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NEURAL NETWORKS 1996年第1期9卷 15-24页

作者： Softky, WR National Institutes of Health USA

One measure of the computational power of a single unit in a network is the rate at which ii can transfer information. Because that rate depends both on the unit's analog resolution and on its speed, many types of units may reach their optimum information flow when they operate very fast, with only coarse or binary resolution at each time step (this occurs because the information rate scales linearly with speed or bandwidth, but only logarithmically with analog resolution). Furthermore, calculations for a mean-square-limited channel with Gaussian noise show that the optimum information rate for the best possible analog code ir only about 30% better than the optimum rate for the simplest binary code. For the biologically realistic case of an irregular neural spike train, a binary code carries about two orders of magnitude more information than an analog rate-code using the same spikes, and is equally consistent with neurophysiology. Thus, neural networks that optimally transfer information would probably use a binary (or coarse analog) code, rather than the high-resolution, real-valued codes usually explored.

关键词： information infomax analog binary coding noise signal-to-noise coarse coding

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RESOLUTION OF BINARY coding OF REAL-VALUED VECTORS BY HYPERRECTANGULAR RECEIPTIVE FIELDS

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CYBERNETICS AND SYSTEMS ANALYSIS 2005年第5期41卷 635-646页

作者： Rachkovsky, D. A. Slipchenko, S. V. Frolov, A. A. Gusek, D. Int Sci Educ Ctr Informat Technol & Syst Kiev Ukraine Russian Acad Sci Inst Higher Nervous Act & Neurophysiol Moscow Russia Acad Sci Czech Republ Inst Informat Prague Czech Republic

Schemes of binary coding of real-valued vectors are considered. Hyperrectangular receptive fields such as RSC and Prager randomly distributed fields and CMAC regular fields are analyzed. Theoretical and experimental e... 详细信息

关键词： neural network distributed coding coarse coding receiptive field hyperrectangle RSC scheme Prager scheme CMAC scheme

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3D object recognition from static 2D views using multiple coarse data channels

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IMAGE AND VISION COMPUTING 1999年第11期17卷 845-858页

作者： Toth, L Culverhouse, PF Univ Plymouth Ctr Intelligent Syst Sch Elect Commun & Elect Engn Plymouth PL4 8AA Devon England

A 3D object recognition system is described that employs novel multiresolution representation and coarse encoding of feature information. Modifications are bought to classic feature extraction methods by proposing the use of wavelet transform maxima for directing the actions of feature extraction modules. The reasons behind the use of a multi-channel architecture are described, together with the description of the feature extraction and coarse modules. The targeted field of application being automatic categorisation of natural objects, the proposed system is designed to run on ordinary hardware platforms and to process an input in a short timeframe. The system has been evaluated on a variety of 2D views of a set of 5 synthetic objects designed to present various degrees of similarity, as being rated by a panel of human subjects. Parallels between these ratings and the system's behaviour are drawn. Additionally a small set of photomicrographs of fish larvae has been used to assess the system's performance when presented with very similar, non-rigid shapes. For comparison, the parameters extracted from each image were fed into two categorisers, discriminant analysis and multilayer feedforward neural network with backpropagation of error. Experimental evidence is presented which demonstrates the efficacy of the methods. The satisfactory categorisation performances of the system are reported, and conclusions are drawn about the system's behaviour. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： viewer-centred representation a trous transform coarse coding discriminant analysis neural networks self-organising maps

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Field computation in natural and artificial intelligence

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INFORMATION SCIENCES 1999年第1-2期119卷 73-89页

作者： MacLennan, BJ Univ Tennessee Dept Comp Sci Knoxville TN 37916 USA

We review the concepts of field computation, a model of computation that processes information represented as spatially continuous arrangements of continuous data. We show that many processes in the brain are described usefully as field computation. Throughout we stress the connections between field computation and quantum mechanics, especially including the important role of information fields, which represent by Virtue of their form rather than their magnitude. We also show that field computation permits simultaneous nonlinear computation in linear superposition. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： field computation continuum computation analog computation quantum computer quantum computation information field information superposition diffusion continuous representation subsymbolic Hilbert space Bohm Hiley pribram active information computational map cortical map phase phase encoding convolution Gabor wavelet uncertainty principle coherent state quantum mechanics logon multiresolution direction field field computer radial basis function RBF coarse coding pragmatics pragmatic information quantum potential symbol discrete optical computing optical computer molecular computing molecular computer

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