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29th IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (IEEE ISCC)

作者： Medina, Francesco Molteni, Maria Chiara Di Scala, Antonio Jose Nava, Lorenzo Politecn Torino Dipartimento Automat & Informat Turin Italy Secur Pattern Vimercate Italy Politecn Torino Dipartimento Sci Matemat Turin Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9798350354249;9798350354232

This work focuses on analyzing the efficiency of a purely Rust-written Kyber library for ARM Cortex-M4 microcontrollers. The analysis includes performance comparisons with a C-written Kyber library, as well as the identification and resolution of minor issues within the Rust-written Kyber library. Contributions to the library include proposed solutions for unhandled TRNG exceptions, enhancements in code quality, and improvements in code coverage, all of which have been approved by the library maintainers and released.

关键词： ML-KEM Rust code analysis ARM Cortex-M4 Crystals-Kyber post-quantum cryptography random number generator lattice-based cryptography code coverage

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A Comparative Analysis of Ant Colony Optimization for its Applications into Software Testing

A Comparative Analysis of Ant Colony Optimization for its Ap...

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International Conference on Innovative Applications of Computational Intelligence on Power Energy and Controls with their Impact on Humanity (CIPECH)

作者： Vats, Prashant Mandot, Manju Gosain, Anjana Banasthali Univ AIMACT Tonk Rajasthan India JRN Rajasthan Vidyapith Udaipur Rajasthan India USICT GGSIPU New Delhi India

ISBN: (纸本)9781479958726

Ant Colony Optimization are meta-heuristic algorithms that uses the search based algorithms as their base. It applies the natural phenomenon of finding the best possible path by the Ants that is covering the minimum distance from the food source to the ant colony, which will be followed by the rest of the ants, resulting into the optimized path. This phenomenon can be applied to provide optimized solutions to solve some complex computational problems. In this paper, we have carried out a review for the applications of the Ant colony Optimization algorithms in context to various level of the Software Testing, thus proving their worth in providing solutions to the various aspects of the Software Testing.

关键词： Optimized Metaheuristic code coverage Pheromone Swarm Intelligence

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AURORA: AUtomatic RObustness coverage Analysis Tool

AURORA: AUtomatic RObustness coveRage Analysis Tool

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6th IEEE International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation (ICST)

作者： Gargantini, Angelo Guarnieri, Marco Magri, Eros Univ Bergamo Dip Ing Informaz & Metodi Matemat Bergamo Italy ETH Inst Informat Secur Zurich Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9780769549682

code coverage is usually used as a measurement of testing quality and as adequacy criterion. Unfortunately, code coverage is very sensitive to modifications of the code structure, and, therefore, we can achieve the same degree of coverage with different testing effort by writing the same program in syntactically different ways. For this reason, code coverage can provide the tester with misleading information. In order to understand how a testing criterion is affected by code structure modifications, we have introduced a way to measure the sensitivity of coverage to code changes by means of code-to-code transformations. However the manual execution of the robustness analysis is tedious, time consuming and error prone. In order to solve these issues we present AURORA, a tool that automates the robustness analysis process and leverages the capabilities offered from several existing tools. AURORA has an extendible architecture that concretely supports the tester in the execution of the robustness analysis. Due to this extendible architecture, each user can personalize the robustness analysis to his/her needs. AURORA allows the user to add new transformations by using TXL, which is a programming language specifically designed to support source transformation tasks. It performs the coverage evaluation by using existing code coverage tools and is based on the use of the JUnit framework.

关键词： code coverage Testing Criteria code Transformations coverage Robustness

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Equivalence Checking Between SLM and TLM Using coverage Directed Simulation

Equivalence Checking Between SLM and TLM Using Coverage Dire...

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13th International Conference on Computer-Aided Design and Computer Graphics (CAD/Graphics)

作者： Hu, Jian Li, Tun Li, Sikun Natl Univ Def Technol Sch Comp Sci Changsha Hunan Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781479925766

The always increasing complexity of digital system makes designers start the design from more abstract System Level Modeling (SLM). However, the SLM arouses a new challenge for verification engineer to guarantee the functional equivalence between SLM specifications and Transaction Level Modeling (TLM) or other lower level implementations. This paper proposes a novel method for equivalence checking between SLM and TLM based on coverage directed simulation. In the proposed method, firstly quality measurements based on both code and functional coverage are used to generate simulation stimuli for SLM. Then the generated stimuli are used to simulate the SLM and TLM designs concurrently. Finally, equivalence checking is carried out based on the simulation results of the selected observing variables. With the proposed method, we can check the equivalence between SLM and TLM designs more efficiently with less simulation cost. The promising experimental results show the efficiency of our method.

关键词： System Level Modeling Transaction Level Modeling Equivalence Checking code coverage functional coverage

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An Empirical Analysis of the Correlation between CK Metrics, Test coverage and Mutation Score 19

An Empirical Analysis of the Correlation between CK Metrics,...

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19th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems (ICEIS)

作者： da Cruz, Robinson Crusoe Eler, Marcelo Medeiros Univ Sao Paulo Sch Arts Sci & Humanities Sao Paulo Brazil Ctr Univ Planalto Araxa UNIARAXA Araxa Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9789897582486

In this paper we investigate the correlation between test coverage, mutation score and object-oriented systems metrics. First we conducted a literature review to obtain an initial model of testability and existing object-oriented metrics related to testability. Thus we selected four open source system whose test cases were available and calculated the correlation between the metrics collected and the line coverage, branches coverage and mutation score. Preliminary results show that some CK metrics, which are strongly related to system's design, influence mainly line coverage and mutation score, thus they can influence systems testability.

关键词： Testability Testing Metrics CK code coverage Mutation Score

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Are Mutants a Valid Substitute for Real Faults in Software Testing? 22

Are Mutants a Valid Substitute for Real Faults in Software T...

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22nd ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (FSE)

作者： Just, Rene Jalali, Darioush Inozemtseva, Laura Ernst, Michael D. Holmes, Reid Fraser, Gordon Univ Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Waterloo Waterloo ON Canada Univ Sheffield Sheffield S Yorkshire England

ISBN: (纸本)9781450330565

A good test suite is one that detects real faults. Because the set of faults in a program is usually unknowable, this definition is not useful to practitioners who are creating test suites, nor to researchers who are creating and evaluating tools that generate test suites. In place of real faults, testing research often uses mutants, which are artificial faults-each one a simple syntactic variation-that are systematically seeded throughout the program under test. Mutation analysis is appealing because large numbers of mutants can be automatically-generated and used to compensate for low quantities or the absence of known real faults. Unfortunately, there is little experimental evidence to support the use of mutants as a replacement for real faults. This paper investigates whether mutants are indeed a valid substitute for real faults, i.e., whether a test suite's ability to detect mutants is correlated with its ability to detect real faults that developers have fixed. Unlike prior studies, these investigations also explicitly consider the conflating effects of code coverage on the mutant detection rate. Our experiments used 357 real faults in 5 open-source applications that comprise a total of 321,000 lines of code. Furthermore, our experiments used both developer-written and automatically-generated test suites. The results show a statistically significant correlation between mutant detection and real fault detection, independently of code coverage. The results also give concrete suggestions on how to improve mutation analysis and reveal some inherent limitations.

关键词： Test effectiveness real faults mutation analysis code coverage

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Mind the Gap: The Difference Between coverage and Mutation Score Can Guide Testing Efforts 34

Mind the Gap: The Difference Between Coverage and Mutation S...

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34th IEEE International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering (ISSRE)

作者： Jain, Kush Kalburgi, Goutamkumar Tulajappa Le Goues, Claire Groce, Alex Carnegie Mellon Univ Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA No Arizona Univ Flagstaff AZ USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350315943

An "adequate" test suite should effectively find all inconsistencies between a system's requirements/specifications and its implementation. Practitioners frequently use code coverage to approximate adequacy, while academics argue that mutation score may better approximate true (oracular) adequacy coverage. High code coverage is increasingly attainable even on large systems via automatic test generation, including fuzzing. In light of all of these options for measuring and improving testing effort, how should a QA engineer spend their time? We propose a new framework for reasoning about the extent, limits, and nature of a given testing effort based on an idea we call the oracle gap, or the difference between source code coverage and mutation score for a given software element. We conduct (1) a large-scale observational study of the oracle gap across popular Maven projects, (2) a study that varies testing and oracle quality across several of those projects and (3) a small-scale observational study of highly critical, well-tested code across comparable blockchain projects. We show that the oracle gap surfaces important information about the extent and quality of a test effort beyond either adequacy metric alone. In particular, it provides a way for practitioners to identify source files where it is likely a weak oracle tests important code.

关键词： code coverage oracle strength mutation testing

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Will My Tests Tell Me If I Break This code? 1

Will My Tests Tell Me If I Break This Code?

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1st International Workshop on Continuous Software Evolution and Delivery (CSED)

作者： Niedermayr, Rainer Juergens, Elmar Wagner, Stefan CQSE GmbH Garching Germany Univ Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450341578

Automated tests play an important role in software evolution because they can rapidly detect faults introduced during changes. In practice, code-coverage metrics are often used as criteria to evaluate the effectiveness of test suites with focus on regression faults. However, code coverage only expresses which portion of a system has been executed by tests, but not how effective the tests actually are in detecting regression faults. Our goal was to evaluate the validity of code coverage as a measure for test effectiveness. To do so, we conducted an empirical study in which we applied an extreme mutation testing approach to analyze the tests of open-source projects written in Java. We assessed the ratio of pseudo-tested methods (those tested in a way such that faults would not be detected) to all covered methods and judged their impact on the software project. The results show that the ratio of pseudo-tested methods is acceptable for unit tests but not for system tests (that execute large portions of the whole system). Therefore, we conclude that the coverage metric is only a valid effectiveness indicator for unit tests.

关键词： Regression Testing Test Suite Effectiveness code coverage Mutation Testing

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Pharmacy residents' experiences and attitudes toward participation in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) events at academic medical centers

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Hospital Pharmacy 2011年第11期46卷 864-875页

作者： Delmonte, Marcy Clark, John Eshelman School of Pharmacy University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Carrboro NC 27510 605 Jones Ferry Road MM13 United States University of Michigan Hospitals and Health Centers University of Michigan College of Pharmacy Ann Arbor MI United States

Purpose: To investigate practices related to pharmacy residents' involvement in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) events and attitudes of pharmacy residents toward their ***: An online survey was sent to pharmacy residents using the University HealthSystem Consortium (UHC) e-mail listserv. Data were obtained from residents currently participating in CPR events as well as those not participating. The objectives of this study were to (a) determine the number of residents currently participating in CPR events, (b) describe their responsibilities and the training opportunities made available to them, and (c) describe residents' attitudes toward their training and overall ***: A total of 253 pharmacy residents completed the survey (44% response rate), with the majority being in their PGY1 year. Eighty-nine percent reported involvement in CPR events, with 82% reporting required participation. Although 52% of CPR participants reported feeling only "somewhat prepared" to attend CPR events, most felt useful to the CPR team. CPR participants were significantly more likely to "strongly agree" or "agree" that all pharmacy residents should be required to participate in CPR events (86% vs 46%;P < .001) and that CPR team members see pharmacy residents as important participants (69% vs 43%;P = .013). When asked if they would support initiating pharmacy resident CPR participation at their institution, the majority of nonparticipants "strongly agreed" or "agreed."Conclusion: Most residents participating in CPR events recognize the value of their services and view participation in CPR events as an important part of their residency experience. © 2011 Thomas Land Publishers, Inc.

关键词： cardiopulmonary resuscitation code coverage CPR pharmacy residency survey

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Differential coverage: automating coverage analysis 14

Differential coverage: automating coverage analysis

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14th IEEE Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation (ICST)

作者： Cox, Henry MediaTek USA Woburn MA 01801 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781728168364

While it is easy to automate coverage data collection, it is a time consuming/difficult/expensive manual process to analyze the data so that it can be acted upon. The goal of the approaches discussed in here is to reduce the cost and barrier to entry of using coverage data analysis in large-scale projects by categorizing and prioritizing coverage changes to avoid the need for manual review at every release or on every build. Differential coverage and date binning are methods of combining coverage data and project/file history to determine if goals have been met and to identify areas of unexercised code which should be reviewed. These methods can be applied to any coverage metric which can be associated with a location - statement, function, expression, toggle, etc. - and to any language, including both software (C++, Python, etc.) and hardware description languages (SystemVerilog, VHDL). The approach is realized in diffeov(1), a recently released open-source tool.

关键词： code coverage automation software development continuous integration

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