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IEEE/ASME 10th International Conference on Mechatronic and Embedded Systems and Applications (MESA)

作者： Scherer, Balazs Horvath, Gabor Budapest Univ Technol & Econ Dept Measurement & Informat Syst Budapest Hungary

ISBN: (纸本)9781479922802

Statistics show that in most of the automotive developments the role of the electronics is getting more and more significant. Some say that today, 90 percent of all innovation in the automotive sector are driven by electronics and software. Many of these developments and innovations affect safety critical functions. Standards like ISO 26262 give guidelines for testing electronic control units. Few of these guidelines give specification to the required test coverage for the software of the embedded systems. These requirements are usually based on code coverage metrics. This paper describes a novel integration way of a measurement based code coverage calculation method into a professional HIL (Hardware In the Loop) development system the NI VeriStand. The advantages of this integration compared to the existing separate coverage tools based solutions are introduced in details. The paper also describes the integration process with the challenges and our solutions given to them from the lower logical layer of execution trace data measurement to the presentation of code coverage calculation results.

关键词： code coverage HIL (Hardware-In-the-Loop) testing NI VeriStand LabVIEW ARM Cortex CoreSight Trace

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Feature location using unit test coverage in an agile development environment

Feature location using unit test coverage in an agile develo...

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作者： DeLozier, Gregory S. Kent State University

学位级别：Ph.D.

The research investigates an effective, practical method for locating where software features are actually implemented in source code. The method is specifically aimed at software developed in agile process environments. Locating features in code is critical for almost all software maintenance and evolution activities. For example, given a bug report one must find where the relevant source code is located within the system. This becomes a very difficult task when the software systems contain millions of lines of code. In the method of software reconnaissance, features are located by comparing a code coverage trace of a test invoking the feature of interest with a masking trace that omits invoking the feature. The masking trace is used to hide the parts of the trace not relevant to the feature. In an agile project, invoking tests are integral components and always developed for each release, but masking tests are rarely, if ever, developed. This limits the usefulness of the reconnaissance method. In this dissertation, the agile artifact properties are modeled to determine if the necessary masking tests can be reliably created from combining unit tests written at other times in the agile process. An experiment was conducted to determine if masking tests can be created in this manner, and if the resulting locations identified can be used to significantly improve the performance of professional programmers in tasks involving locating feature implementations in real-world software projects. Using professional software developers as experimental participants, significant improvements in time of feature location, confidence in location, and accuracy of feature location were found over traditional text search when participants used locations derived from this method as a starting point for feature location tasks.

关键词： Computer Science software feature location unit tests agile extreme programming code coverage test coverage

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Generating Software Test Data by Particle Swarm Optimization

Generating Software Test Data by Particle Swarm Optimization

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10th International Conference on Simulated Evolution and Learning (SEAL)

作者： Jia, Ya-Hui Chen, Wei-Neng Zhang, Jun Li, Jing-Jing Sun Yat Sen Univ Sch Informat Sci & Technol Guangzhou 510275 Guangdong Peoples R China Sun Yat Sen Univ Sch Adv Comp Guangzhou 510275 Guangdong Peoples R China Minist Educ Key Lab Machine Intelligence & Adv Comp Beijing Peoples R China MOE Engn Res Ctr Supercomp Engn Software Beijing Peoples R China S China Normal Univ Sch Comp Sci Guangzhou Guangdong Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9783319135632;9783319135625

Search-based method using meta-heuristic algorithms is a hot topic in automatic test data generation. In this paper, we develop an automatic test data generating tool named particle swarm optimization data generation tool (PSODGT). The PSODGT is characterized by the following two features. First, the PSODGT adopts the condition-decision coverage (C/DC) as the criterion of software testing, aiming to build an efficient test data set that covers all conditions. Second, the PSODGT uses a particle swarm optimization (PSO) approach to generate test data set. In addition, a new position initialization technique is developed for PSO. Instead of initializing the test data randomly, the proposed technique uses the previously-found test data that can reach the target condition as the initial positions so that the search speed of PSODGT can be further accelerated. The PSODGT is tested on four practical programs. Experimental results show that the proposed PSO approach is promising.

关键词： Particle swarm optimization Automatic software test case generation Software testing code coverage

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Integrating Testing into Software Engineering Courses Supported by a Collaborative Learning Environment

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ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTING EDUCATION 2014年第3期14卷 18-18页

作者： Clarke, Peter J. Davis, Debra King, Tariq M. Pava, Jairo Jones, Edward L. Florida Int Univ Sch Comp & Informat Sci Miami FL 33199 USA N Dakota State Univ Dept Comp Sci Fargo ND USA Florida A&M Univ Dept Comp & Informat Sci Tallahassee FL USA

As software becomes more ubiquitous and complex, the cost of software bugs continues to grow at a staggering rate. To remedy this situation, there needs to be major improvement in the knowledge and application of software validation techniques. Although there are several software validation techniques, software testing continues to be one of the most widely used in industry. The high demand for software engineers in the next decade has resulted in more software engineering (SE) courses being offered in academic institutions. However, due to the number of topics to be covered in SE courses, little or no attention is given to software testing, resulting in students entering industry with little or no testing experience. We propose a minimally disruptive approach of integrating software testing into SE courses by providing students access to a collaborative learning environment containing learning materials on testing techniques and testing tools. In this article, we describe the learning environment and the studies conducted to measure the benefits accrued by students using the learning environment in the SE courses.

关键词： Experimentation Course management code coverage software testing unit testing testing tutorials

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Designing multi-agent unit tests using systematic test design patterns-(extended version)

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ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 2013年第9期26卷 2128-2142页

作者： Khamis, Mohamed A. Nagi, Khaled Egypt Japan Univ Sci & Technol Dept Comp Sci & Engn Alexandria 21934 Egypt Univ Alexandria Fac Engn Dept Comp & Syst Engn Alexandria Egypt

Software agents are the basic building blocks in many software systems especially those based on artificial intelligence methods, e.g., reinforcement learning based multi-agent systems (MASs). However, testing software agents is considered a challenging problem. This is due to the special characteristics of agents which include its autonomy, distributed nature, intelligence, and heterogeneous communication protocols. Following the test-driven development (TDD) paradigm, we present a framework that allows MAS developers to write test scenarios that test each agent individually. The framework relies on the concepts of building mock agents and testing common agent interaction design patterns. We analyze the most common agent interaction patterns including pair and mediation patterns in order to provide stereotype implementation for their corresponding test cases. These implementations serve as test building blocks and are provided as a set of ready-for-reuse components in our repository. This way, the developer can concentrate on testing the business logic itself and spare him/her the burden of implementing tests for the underlying agent interaction patterns. Our framework is based on standard components such as the JADE agent platform, the JUnit framework, and the eclipse plug-in architecture. In this paper, we present in details the design and function of the framework. We demonstrate how we can use the proposed framework to define more stereotypes in the code repository and provide a detailed analysis of the code coverage for our designed stereotype test code implementations. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Multi-agent unit tests Test-driven development Mock agent Agent social design patterns code generation code coverage

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Design and implementation of a dynamic symbolic execution tool for windows executables

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JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE-EVOLUTION AND PROCESS 2013年第12期25卷 1249-1272页

作者： Chen, Ting Zhang, Xiao-song Zhu, Cong Ji, Xiao-li Guo, Shi-ze Wu, Yue Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Sch Comp Sci & Engn Chengdu 611731 Peoples R China Inst North Elect Equipment Beijing 100191 Peoples R China

Dynamic symbolic execution, or DSE for short, has become a promising technique in software testing. However, the implementation details of DSE have not been described in depth in existing works. Although some open-source DSE tools are available nowadays, to design and implement a specific DSE tool from scratch is necessary for some reasons. To this end, we implement a Smart Fuzzing Tool for Windows Native Executables, or SMAFE for short, which utilizes Pin and STP for instrumentation and constraint solving, respectively. Advantages of Pin and STP make SMAFE portable. The major contribution of this paper is our detailed description of the implementation of DSE, including symbolization of inputs, tracking of symbols, synchronization of overlapped symbols, environment modeling, and so on. A practical case study validates the effectiveness of SMAFE. Then, the experiments with two benchmark sets present that the code coverage is above 90% on average. Benefits from this paper are at least twofold: moderating learning curve for scholars and shortening the development circle for practitioners. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： software testing automated test generation dynamic symbolic execution implementations code coverage

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Covering and Uncovering Equivalent Mutants

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SOFTWARE TESTING VERIFICATION & RELIABILITY 2013年第5期23卷 353-374页

作者： Schuler, David Zeller, Andreas Univ Saarland D-66123 Saarbrucken Germany

Mutation testing measures the adequacy of a test suite by seeding artificial defects (mutations) into a program. If a test suite fails to detect a mutation, it may also fail to detect real defectsand hence should be improved. However, there are also mutations that keep the program semantics unchanged and thus cannot be detected by any test suite. Such equivalent mutants must be weeded out manually, which is a tedious task. In this paper, we examine whether changes in coverage can be used to detect non-equivalent mutants: If a mutant changes the coverage of a run, it is more likely to be non-equivalent. In a sample of 140 manually classified mutations of seven Java programs with 5000 to 100000 lines of code, we found that (i) the problem is serious and widespreadabout 45% of all undetected mutants turned out to be equivalent;(ii) manual classification takes timeabout 15min per mutation;(iii) coverage is a simple, efficient and effective means to identify equivalent mutantswith a classification precision of 75% and a recall of 56%;and (iv) coverage as an equivalence detector is superior to the state of the art, in particular violations of dynamic invariants. Our detectors have been released as part of the open-source JAVALANCHE framework;the data set is publicly available for replication and extension of experiments. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： mutation testing code coverage dynamic analysis

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AURORA: AUtomatic RObustness coverage Analysis Tool

AURORA: AUtomatic RObustness coveRage Analysis Tool

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6th IEEE International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation (ICST)

作者： Gargantini, Angelo Guarnieri, Marco Magri, Eros Univ Bergamo Dip Ing Informaz & Metodi Matemat Bergamo Italy ETH Inst Informat Secur Zurich Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9780769549682

code coverage is usually used as a measurement of testing quality and as adequacy criterion. Unfortunately, code coverage is very sensitive to modifications of the code structure, and, therefore, we can achieve the same degree of coverage with different testing effort by writing the same program in syntactically different ways. For this reason, code coverage can provide the tester with misleading information. In order to understand how a testing criterion is affected by code structure modifications, we have introduced a way to measure the sensitivity of coverage to code changes by means of code-to-code transformations. However the manual execution of the robustness analysis is tedious, time consuming and error prone. In order to solve these issues we present AURORA, a tool that automates the robustness analysis process and leverages the capabilities offered from several existing tools. AURORA has an extendible architecture that concretely supports the tester in the execution of the robustness analysis. Due to this extendible architecture, each user can personalize the robustness analysis to his/her needs. AURORA allows the user to add new transformations by using TXL, which is a programming language specifically designed to support source transformation tasks. It performs the coverage evaluation by using existing code coverage tools and is based on the use of the JUnit framework.

关键词： code coverage Testing Criteria code Transformations coverage Robustness

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Equivalence Checking Between SLM and TLM Using coverage Directed Simulation

Equivalence Checking Between SLM and TLM Using Coverage Dire...

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13th International Conference on Computer-Aided Design and Computer Graphics (CAD/Graphics)

作者： Hu, Jian Li, Tun Li, Sikun Natl Univ Def Technol Sch Comp Sci Changsha Hunan Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781479925766

The always increasing complexity of digital system makes designers start the design from more abstract System Level Modeling (SLM). However, the SLM arouses a new challenge for verification engineer to guarantee the functional equivalence between SLM specifications and Transaction Level Modeling (TLM) or other lower level implementations. This paper proposes a novel method for equivalence checking between SLM and TLM based on coverage directed simulation. In the proposed method, firstly quality measurements based on both code and functional coverage are used to generate simulation stimuli for SLM. Then the generated stimuli are used to simulate the SLM and TLM designs concurrently. Finally, equivalence checking is carried out based on the simulation results of the selected observing variables. With the proposed method, we can check the equivalence between SLM and TLM designs more efficiently with less simulation cost. The promising experimental results show the efficiency of our method.

关键词： System Level Modeling Transaction Level Modeling Equivalence Checking code coverage functional coverage

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Targeted and Depth-first Exploration for Systematic Testing of Android Apps 13

Targeted and Depth-first Exploration for Systematic Testing ...

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2013 ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Object Oriented Programming Systems Languages

作者： Azim, Tanzirul Neamtiu, Iulian Univ Calif Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450323741

Systematic exploration of Android apps is an enabler for a variety of app analysis and testing tasks. Performing the exploration while apps run on actual phones is essential for exploring the full range of app capabilities. However, exploring real-world apps on real phones is challenging due to non-determinism, non-standard control flow, scalability and overhead constraints. Relying on end-users to conduct the exploration might not be very effective: we performed a 7-user study on popular Android apps, and found that the combined 7-user coverage was 30.08% of the app screens and 6.46% of the app methods. Prior approaches for automated exploration of Android apps have run apps in an emulator or focused on small apps whose source code was available. To address these problems, we present A(3)E, an approach and tool that allows substantial Android apps to be explored systematically while running on actual phones, yet without requiring access to the app's source code. The key insight of our approach is to use a static, taint-style, dataflow analysis on the app bytecode in a novel way, to construct a high-level control flow graph that captures legal transitions among activities (app screens). We then use this graph to develop an exploration strategy named Targeted Exploration that permits fast, direct exploration of activities, including activities that would be difficult to reach during normal use. We also developed a strategy named Depth-first Exploration that mimics user actions for exploring activities and their constituents in a slower, but more systematic way. To measure the effectiveness of our techniques, we use two metrics: activity coverage (number of screens explored) and method coverage. Experiments with using our approach on 25 popular Android apps including BBC News, Gas Buddy, Amazon Mobile, YouTube, Shazam Encore, and CNN, show that our exploration techniques achieve 59.39-64.11% activity coverage and 29.53-36.46% method coverage.

关键词： Languages Reliability Verification Google Android GUI testing Systematic exploration Test case generation code coverage Greybox testing Dynamic analysis Taint analysis

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