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Clustering navigation sequences to create contexts for guiding code navigation

JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE 2013年第8期86卷 2154-2165页

作者： Lee, Seonah Kang, Sungwon Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol Dept Comp Sci Taejon 305701 South Korea

To guide programmer code navigation, previous approaches such as TeamTracks recommend pieces of code to visit by mining the associations between pieces of code in programmer interaction histories. However, these result in low recommendation accuracy. To create more accurate recommendations, we propose NavClus an approach that clusters navigation sequences from programmer interaction histories. NavClus automatically forms collections of code that are relevant to the tasks performed by programmers, and then retrieves the collections best matched to a programmer's current navigation path. This makes it possible to recommend the collections of code that are relevant to the programmer's given task. We compare NavClus' recommendation accuracy with TeamTracks' by simulating recommendations using 4397 interaction histories. The comparative experiment shows that the recommendation accuracy of NavClus is twice as high as that of TeamTracks. (c) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： code navigation Programmer interaction histories Data clustering techniques Data stream mining Context aware code recommender

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Eyes on code: A Study on Developers' code navigation Strategies

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2022年第5期48卷 1692-1704页

作者： Sharafi, Zohreh Bertram, Ian Flanagan, Michael Weimer, Westley Univ Michigan Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA

What code navigation strategies do developers use and what mechanisms do they employ to find relevant information? Do their strategies evolve over the course of longer tasks? Answers to these questions can provide insight to educators and software tool designers to support a wide variety of programmers as they tackle increasingly-complex software systems. However, little research to date has measured developers' code navigation strategies in ecologically-valid settings, or analyzed how strategies progressed throughout a maintenance task. We propose a novel experimental design that more accurately represents the software maintenance process in terms of software complexity and IDE interactions. Using this framework, we conduct an eye-tracking study (n=36) of realistic bug-fixing tasks, dynamically and empirically identifying relevant code areas. We introduce a three-phase model to characterize developers' navigation behavior supported by statistical variations in eye movements over time. We also propose quantifiable notion of "thrashing" with the code as a navigation activity. We find that thrashing is associated with lower effectiveness. Our results confirm that the relevance of various code elements changes over time, and that our proposed three-phase model is capable of capturing these significant changes. We discuss our findings and their implications for tool designers, educators, and the research community.

关键词： navigation Task analysis Computer bugs Tools Maintenance engineering Software Switches code navigation eye tracking human factors software maintenance

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A Qualitative Investigation of Landmarks in Software code navigation 2018

A Qualitative Investigation of Landmarks in Software Code Na...

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2nd International Conference on Compute and Data Analysis (ICCDA)

作者： Reddivari, Sandeep Bhowmik, Tanmay Univ North Florida Sch Comp Jacksonville FL 32224 USA Mississippi State Univ Comp Sci & Engn Mississippi State MS 39762 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450363594

A large body of research is available on software clustering and many tools have been developed to assist software programmers to navigate and easily comprehend large software systems. However, minimal attention has been paid to the area of visual clustering to support code navigation. In this paper, we leverage clustering-based visualization to explore static-dependency-based landmarks present in the code base. Landmarks are important legibility features that developers use as reference points. Our qualitative investigation of a java project reveals developers' reliance on the landmarks during code navigation and shows the promise of using static dependencies to uncover the landmarks in the software space.

关键词： Static dependencies program comprehension code navigation software clustering visual clustering software visualization reverse engineering

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On the Use of Visual Clustering to Identify Landmarks in code navigation 15

On the Use of Visual Clustering to Identify Landmarks in Cod...

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15th IEEE/ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering Research, Management and Applications (SERA)

作者： Reddivari, Sandeep Kotapalli, Mahesh Univ North Florida Sch Comp Jacksonville FL 32224 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781509057566

Recovering the legibility features is key to reverse engineering as the legible software systems can ease developer's code navigation and comprehension. Landmarks are important legibility features that developers use as reference points. In this paper, we leverage visual clustering to explore how landmarks can be identified via static dependencies. Besides organizing software entities with coherent patterns, visual clustering offers additional insights by rigorously rendering a holistic picture of the code base to the two-dimensional space. We contribute a couple of heuristics based on the cluster layout to identify the landmark files. Our visual exploration of Eclipse Mylyn open source Java project reveals developer's reliance on the landmarks during code navigation and shows the promise of using static dependencies to uncover the landmarks in the software space.

关键词： software clustering program comprehension code navigation visual clustering software exploration layout-based clustering software visualization static dependencies

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Reusing Bugged Source code to Support Novice Programmers in Debugging Tasks

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ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTING EDUCATION 2020年第1期20卷 2-2页

作者： Ardimento, Pasquale Bernardi, Mario Luca Cimitile, Marta De Ruvo, Giuseppe Univ Bari Aldo Moro Bari Italy Giustino Fortunato Univ Via Raffaele Delcogliano 12 I-82100 Benevento Italy Unitelma Sapienza Univ Rome Italy Univ Bari Via Orabona 4 I-70125 Bari Italy Unitelma Sapienza Via Regina Elena 295 I-00161 Rome Italy Via Sangro Termoli Italy

Novice programmers often encounter difficulties performing debugging tasks effectively. Even if modern development environments (IDEs) provide high-level support for navigating through code elements and for identifying the right conditions leading to the bug, debugging still requires considerable human effort. Programmers usually have to make hypotheses that are based on both program state evolution and their past debugging experiences. To mitigate this effort and allow novice programmers to gain debugging experience quickly, we propose an approach based on the reuse of existing bugs of open source systems to provide informed guidance from the failure site to the fault position. The goal is to help novices in reasoning on the most promising paths to follow and conditions to define. We implemented this approach as a tool that exploits the knowledge about fault and bug position in the system, as long as any bug of the system is known. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated through a quasi-experiment that qualitatively and quantitatively evaluates how the debugging performances of the students change when they are trained using the tool.

关键词： Debugging code navigation teaching debugging

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What situational information would help developers when using a graphical code recommender?

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE 2016年 117卷 199-217页

作者： Lee, Seonah Kang, Sungwon Gyeongsang Natl Univ Dept Aerosp & Software Engn 501 Jinju Daero Jinju South Korea Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol Dept Comp Sci 291 Daehak Ro Daejeon South Korea

Developers spend a significant amount of time trying to understand code bases. To aid developers' comprehension of code, researchers have developed software visualization tools. However, the uses of these tools in situ have rarely been investigated. To make matters worse, as studies have revealed, developers seldom use diagramming tools, making such investigations a challenge. To determine the possible uses of such tools in real practice, we conduct a diary study in which eleven developers in real-world developments use a novel visualization tool (a graphical code recommender) for one month. In the study, we ask what information and features the visualization and diagramming tools should provide to aid developers' work according to their situations. The study reveals the situations in which developers would use such visualization and diagramming tools and also the concrete requirements for such tools that would make them useful. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Diary study Design requirement Diagramming tool code navigation Software visualization

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Type-Safety in EA Model Analysis 18

Type-Safety in EA Model Analysis

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18th IEEE International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference (EDOC)

作者： Reschenhofer, Thomas Monahov, Ivan Matthes, Florian Tech Univ Munich Munich Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781479954674

In this paper, we first describe the tension between type-safety and flexibility in EA analysis tools. We then present a web-based system that combines the benefits of static typing with the flexibility of a dynamic and collaborative meta-modeling platform. In particular, we describe the underlying meta-model, the syntax and semantics of the expression language, and derive an associated type system, including polymorphic types, subtyping, and limited type inference. We then demonstrate the benefits of static type-safety for enterprise architects, like syntax highlighting, code completion, code navigation, and refactoring, in particular in presence of dynamic meta-model changes. The paper ends with a description of a case study using the tool for the analysis of the application landscape complexity using data from four German banks.

关键词： Internet banking EA model analysis German banks Web-based system code completion code navigation enterprise architecture expression language landscape complexity polymorphic types static type-safety sub-typing syntax highlighting Adaptation models Analytical models Business Electronic publishing Information services Measurement Semantics Enterprise Architecture Management Enterprise Architecture Model Analysis Type-Safety Web-based systems Electronic Publishing Semantics Information Services banking ANALYSIS MODELS Business Internets semiotics meta-models Superelevation Adaptation models Policies and plans

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Experiences Gamifying Developer Adoption of Practices and Tools 2014

Experiences Gamifying Developer Adoption of Practices and To...

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36th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE)

作者： Snipes, Will Nair, Anil R. Murphy-Hill, Emerson ABB Corp Res Ind Software Syst Raleigh NC 27606 USA NC State Univ Comp Sci Raleigh NC USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450327688

As software development practices evolve, toolsmiths face the continuous challenge of getting developers to adopt new practices and tools. We tested an idea with industrial software developers that adding game-like feedback to the development environment would improve adoption of tools and practices for code navigation. We present results from a pre-study survey of 130 developers' opinions on gamification and motivation, usage data from a study with an intact team of six developers of a game on code navigation practices, and feedback collected in post-study interviews. Our pre-study survey showed that most developers were interested in gamification, though some have strong negative opinions. Study results show that two of the six study developers adjusted their practices when presented with competitive game elements.

关键词： Development Productivity code navigation

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Interactive Diagrams for Software Documentation

Interactive Diagrams for Software Documentation

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2024 IEEE Working Conference on Software Visualization

作者： Stepanek, Adam Kutak, David Kozlikova, Barbora Byska, Jan Masaryk Univ Fac Informat Brno Czech Republic Univ Bergen Dept Informat Bergen Norway

ISBN: (纸本)9798331528492;9798331528485

Getting acquainted with a large codebase can be a daunting task for software developers, both new and seasoned. The description of a codebase and its development should be the purpose of its documentation. However, software documentation, if it exists at all, is usually textual and accompanied only by simple static diagrams. It is also time-consuming to maintain manually. Even an API reference, which can be generated automatically from the codebase itself, has many drawbacks. It is limited to what it can extract from the codebase, is cumbersome to navigate, and fails to capture the interwoven nature of code. We explore an alternative approach centered around a node-link diagram representing the structure of a codebase. The diagram is interactive and filterable, providing details on demand. It is designed for automation, relying on static analysis of the codebase, and thus produces results quickly and offers a viable alternative to missing or outdated documentation. To evaluate this approach, we implemented a prototype named Helveg that is able to analyze and visualize C# code. Testing with five professional programmers provided feedback on the approach's benefits and challenges, which we discuss in detail.

关键词： software visualization software documentation API reference code navigation interactive diagram

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Quantifying Program Comprehension with Interaction Data 14

Quantifying Program Comprehension with Interaction Data

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14th Annual International Conference on Quality Software (QSIC)

作者： Minelli, Roberto Mocci, Andrea Lanza, Michele Kobayashi, Takashi Univ Lugano Fac Informat REVEAL Lugano Switzerland Tokyo Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781479971978

It is common knowledge that program comprehension takes up a substantial part of software development. This "urban legend" is based on work that dates back decades, which throws up the question whether the advances in software development tools, techniques, and methodologies that have emerged since then may invalidate or confirm the claim. We present an empirical investigation which goal is to confirm or reject the claim, based on interaction data which captures the user interface activities of developers. We use interaction data to empirically quantify the distribution of different developer activities during software development: In particular, we focus on estimating the role of program comprehension. In addition, we investigate if and how different developers and session types influence the duration of such activities. We analyze interaction data from two different contexts: One comes from the ECLIPSE IDE on Java source code development, while the other comes from the PHARO IDE on Smalltalk source code development. We found evidence that code navigation and editing occupies only a small fraction of the time of developers, while the vast majority of the time is spent on reading & understanding source code. In essence, the importance of program comprehension was significantly underestimated by previous research.

关键词： Java Smalltalk human computer interaction software engineering source code (software) user interfaces ECLIPSE IDE Java source code development PHARO IDE Smalltalk source code development code editing code navigation interaction data program comprehension software developer user interface activities software development techniques software development tools Browsers History Inspection Maintenance engineering navigation Software IDE Interaction data Program Comprehension Program Understanding Quantification Reverse engineering computer software Software Tools Java Java programming language Smalltalk IDE IDE gene Maintenance engineering Browsers Software design User Interface Device Component computer human interaction navigation Software engineering

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