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Checking enforcement of integrity constraints in database applications based on code patterns

JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE 2011年第12期84卷 2253-2264页

作者： Zhang, Hongyu Tan, Hee Beng Kuan Zhang, Lu Lin, Xi Wang, Xiaoyin Zhang, Chun Mei, Hong Tsinghua Univ Key Lab Informat Syst Secur Minist Educ Beijing 100084 Peoples R China Tsinghua Natl Lab Informat Sci & Technol Beijing 100084 Peoples R China Nanyang Technol Univ Singapore 639798 Singapore Peking Univ Minist Educ Key Lab High Confidence Software Technol Beijing 100871 Peoples R China

Integrity constraints (including key, referential and domain constraints) are unique features of database applications. Integrity constraints are crucial for ensuring accuracy and consistency of data in a database. It is important to perform integrity constraint enforcement (ICE) at the application level to reduce the risk of database corruption. We have conducted an empirical analysis of open-source PHP database applications and found that ICE does not receive enough attention in real-world programming practice. We propose an approach for automatic detection of ICE violations at the application level based on identification of code patterns. We define four patterns that characterize the structures of code implementing integrity constraint enforcement. Violations of these patterns indicate the missing of integrity constraint enforcement. Our work contributes to quality improvement of database applications. Our work also demonstrates that it is feasible to effectively identify bugs or problematic code by mining code patterns in a specific domain/application area. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Integrity constraint enforcement code patterns PHP Static analysis code quality

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On Twitter Bots Behaving Badly: A Manual and Automated Analysis of Python code patterns on GitHub

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JOURNAL OF WEB ENGINEERING 2020年第8期18卷 801-835页

作者： Millimaggi, Andrea Daniel, Florian Politecn Milan Via Ponzio 34-5 I-20133 Milan Italy

Bots, i.e., algorithmically driven entities that behave like humans in online communications, are increasingly infiltrating social conversations on the Web. If not properly prevented, this presence of bots may cause harm to the humans they interact with. This article aims to understand which types of abuse may lead to harm and whether these can be considered intentional or not. We manually review a dataset of 60 Twitter bot code repositories on GitHub, derive a set of potentially abusive actions, characterize them using a taxonomy of abstract code patterns, and assess the potential abusiveness of the patterns. The article then describes the design and implementation of a code pattern recognizer and uses the pattern recognizer to automatically analyze a dataset of 786 Python bot code repositories. The study does not only reveal the existence of 28 communication-specific code patterns - which could be used to assess the harmfulness of bot code - but also their consistent presence throughout all studied repositories.

关键词： Bots Harm Abuse code patterns Pattern recognition GitHub Twitter Python

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Detecting Infeasible Branches Based on code patterns

Detecting Infeasible Branches Based on Code Patterns

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Software Evolution Week / IEEE Conference on Software Maintenance, Reengineering, and Reverse Engineering (CSMR-WCRE)

作者： Ding, Sun Zhang, Hongyu Tan, Hee Beng Kuan Nanyang Technol Univ Singapore 639798 Singapore Tsinghua Univ Beijing 100084 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781479937523

Infeasible branches are program branches that can never be exercised regardless of the inputs of the program. Detecting infeasible branches is important to many software engineering tasks such as test case generation and test coverage measurement. Applying full-scale symbolic evaluation to infeasible branch detection could be very costly, especially for a large software system. In this work, we propose a code pattern based method for detecting infeasible branches. We first introduce two general patterns that can characterize the source code containing infeasible branches. We then develop a tool, called Pattern-based method for Infeasible branch Detection (PIND), to detect infeasible branches based on the discovered code patterns. PIND only performs symbolic evaluation for the branches that exhibit the identified code patterns, therefore significantly reduce the number of symbolic evaluations required. We evaluate PIND from two aspects: accuracy and efficiency. The experimental results show that PIND can effectively and efficiently detect infeasible branches in real-world Java and Android programs. We also explore the application of PIND in measuring test case coverage.

关键词： Infeasible branch test case coverage code patterns program analysis

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Visualizing code patterns in Novice Programmers 18

Visualizing Code Patterns in Novice Programmers

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23rd Western Canadian Conference on Computing Education

作者： Bulmer, Jeff Pinchbeck, Angie Hui, Bowen Univ British Columbia Dept Comp Sci Vancouver BC Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781450358057

Many researchers have investigated the difficulties faced by novice programmers. However, these approaches have so far focused primarily on the identification and correction of common syntax errors, or that of topic difficulty in the CS1 curriculum. Meanwhile, poor coding practices adopted by students have gone mostly unaddressed. While these practices may not necessarily lead to erroneous code, they may nonetheless indicate areas of difficulty and lead to poorly structured programs. To address these issues, our project examines students' coding habits and common errors in CS1 exercises gathered from 77 first-year students. This data was collected in real time so that we may later reconstruct the thought process of the student while solving the programming exercises. To assist our analysis, we built a code visualizer that animates the programming process dynamically and summarizes error metrics simultaneously. Our ultimate goal is to use the code visualizer to help either an instructor or a student to identify poor programming practices during the coding process. With the error metrics gathered, an instructor can inspect potential improvements in coding behaviors for an individual student at a given point in time or over time, and identify bad coding habits common to populations of students.

关键词： Source code snapshot analysis programming session trace analysis code patterns programming behavior error diagnosis CS1 code metrics learning analytics self-regulation

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Deductive glue code synthesis for embedded software systems based on code patterns

Deductive glue code synthesis for embedded software systems ...

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9th IEEE International Symposium on Object and Component-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing

作者： Liu, Jian Fu, Jicheng Zhang, Yansheng Bastani, Farokh Yen, I-Ling Tai, Ann Chau, Savio Univ Texas Dept Comp Sci Richardson TX 75083 USA

ISBN: (纸本)076952561X

Automated code synthesis is a constructive process that can be used to generate programs from specifications. It can, thus, greatly reduce the software development cost and time. The use of formal code synthesis approach for software generation further increases the dependability of the system. Though code synthesis has many potential benefits, the synthesis techniques are still limited. Meanwhile, components are widely used in embedded system development. Applying code synthesis to component based software development (CBSD) process can greatly enhance the capability of code synthesis while reducing the component composition efforts. In this paper, we discuss the issues and techniques for applying deductive code synthesis techniques to CBSD. For deductive synthesis in CBSD, a rule base is the key for inferring appropriate component composition. We use the code patterns to guide the development of rules. code patterns have been proposed to capture the typical usages of the components. Several general composition operations have been identified to facilitate systematic composition. We present the technique for rule development and automated generation of new patterns from existing code patterns. A case study of using this method in building a real-time control system is also presented.

关键词： real-time system code patterns automated code synthesis deductive code synthesis

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On Twitter Bots Behaving Badly: Empirical Study of code patterns on GitHub 19th

On Twitter Bots Behaving Badly: Empirical Study of Code Patt...

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19th International Conference on Web Engineering (ICWE)

作者： Millimaggi, Andrea Daniel, Florian Politecn Milan Via Ponzio 34-5 I-20133 Milan Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783030192747;9783030192730

Bots, i.e., algorithmically driven entities that behave like humans in online communications, are increasingly infiltrating social conversations on the Web. If not properly prevented, this presence of bots may cause harm to the humans they interact with. This paper aims to understand which types of abuse may lead to harm and whether these can be considered intentional or not. We manually review a dataset of 60 Twitter bot code repositories on GitHub, derive a set of potentially abusive actions, characterize them using a taxonomy of abstract code patterns, and assess the potential abusiveness of the patterns. The study does not only reveal the existence of 31 communication-specific code patterns - which could be used to assess the harmfulness of bot code - but also their presence throughout all studied repositories.

关键词： Bots Harm Abuse code patterns GitHub Twitter

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code patterns for agent-oriented programming 09

Code patterns for agent-oriented programming

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International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems

作者： Peter Novak Wojciech Jamroga Clausthal University of Technology

ISBN: (纸本)9780981738161

The mainstream approach to design of BDI-inspired agent programming languages is to choose a set of agent-oriented features with a particular semantics and their subsequent implementation in the programming language interpreter. The language designer's choices thus impose strong constraints on the architecture of the implemented agents as well as only a limited toolbox of high-level language constructs for encoding the agent program.

关键词： agent-oriented programming ai code patterns description level: methodologies and languages focus: agent programming languages inspiration source: robotics temporal logic

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Advancements in automated program repair: a comprehensive review

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KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2025年 1-47页

作者： Dikici, Sena Bilgin, Turgay Tugay Bursa Tech Univ Comp Engn Dept Bursa Turkiye

This review paper presents a comprehensive examination of automated program repair (APR) and its significant contribution to the field of modern software engineering. It elucidates how APR methodologies markedly mitigate manual debugging needs by automating the detection and resolution of software glitches. The study encompasses an in-depth exploration of three primary categories of APR techniques: template-based, machine learning, and deep learning approaches, drawing from an exhaustive evaluation of 41 APR tools. Each category showcases distinct strategies for managing diverse software errors, underscoring the breadth and effectiveness of current APR methodologies. Template-based APR solutions utilize pre-established patterns to efficiently tackle common coding issues, while machine learning-driven approaches dynamically devise repair strategies from historical bug-fix datasets. Deep learning methods extend error rectification boundaries by delving into the semantic context of code, yielding more precise adjustments. The ongoing advancement of APR technologies necessitates researchers to address critical challenges, including the integration of semantic-syntactic analyses, mitigation of data scarcity, optimization of cross-platform tools, development of context-aware approaches, enhancement of fault localization and patch validation processes, and establishment of standardized performance evaluation metrics. This comprehensive analysis underscores the pivotal role of APR in enhancing software efficiency and reliability, representing significant progress in software development and maintenance practices.

关键词： Automated program repair Software bugs Machine learning Deep learning code patterns

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Mining Semantic Loop Idioms

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2018年第7期44卷 651-668页

作者： Allamanis, Miltiadis Barr, Earl T. Bird, Christian Devanbu, Premkumar Marron, Mark Sutton, Charles Univ Edinburgh Edinburgh EH8 9YL Midlothian Scotland Microsoft Res Cambridge England UCL London WC1E 6BT England Microsoft Res Redmond WA 98052 USA Univ Calif Davis Davis CA 95616 USA Alan Turing Inst London NW1 2DB England

To write code, developers stitch together patterns, like API protocols or data structure traversals. Discovering these patterns can identify inconsistencies in code or opportunities to replace these patterns with an API or a language construct. We present coiling, a technique for automatically mining code for semantic idioms: surprisingly probable, semantic patterns. We specialize coiling for loop idioms, semantic idioms of loops. First, we show that automatically identifiable patterns exist, in great numbers, with a large-scale empirical study of loops over 25MLOC. We find that most loops in this corpus are simple and predictable: 90 percent have fewer than 15LOC and 90 percent have no nesting and very simple control. Encouraged by this result, we then mine loop idioms over a second, buildable corpus. Over this corpus, we show that only 50 loop idioms cover 50 percent of the concrete loops. Our framework opens the door to data-driven tool and language design, discovering opportunities to introduce new API calls and language constructs. Loop idioms show that LINQ would benefit from an Enumerate operator. This can be confirmed by the exitence of a StackOverflow question with 542k views that requests precisely this feature.

关键词： Data-driven tool design idiom mining code patterns

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Mining control patterns from Java program corpora

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JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2004年第1期20卷 57-83页

作者： Chen, DJ Hwang, CC Huang, SK Chen, DTK Natl Chiao Tung Univ Dept Comp Sci & Informat Engn Hsinchu 300 Taiwan Fordham Univ Dept Comp & Informat Sci Bronx NY USA Acad Sinica Inst Informat Sci Taipei 115 Taiwan

Java programming, based on the Object-Oriented (OO) paradigm, has played a major role in program design and implementation due to the fact that it is extensible, maintainable, and reusable in software system construction. Experiences with using Java programming have indicated that there also exist disadvantages with respect to its execution inefficiency and complicated runtime behaviors. code-patterns are statically recurring structures specifically related to a programming language. They can be used in parallel to help programmer design software systems to solve particular problems. In opposition to the role of code-patterns in assisting compilation, control-pattems are dynamically recurring structures invoked during program execution time. They can be used to understand the run-time behaviors of OO-programs with respect to the underlying architecture, such as Java-VM. A control pattern describes the model of control transfer among objects during OO program execution. In this paper, several control patterns are proposed and discussed. We have analyzed and collected several control patterns from several Java program corpora. The experimental results show that control patterns do exist and provide information for quantitative analysis. Simple patterns, compound patterns, and complex patterns have different ratios depending on their source programs. Collected control patterns can be used to provide guidelines for Java programmers so that they can write more effective Java programs.

关键词： OOP control patterns data mining Java VM code patterns benchmark design program optimization static and dynamic analysis

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