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XRcoding: introducing computational thinking and coding in a gamified eXtended reality

SOFTWARE QUALITY JOURNAL 2025年第1期33卷 1-30页

作者： Gerini, Lorenzo Delzanno, Giorgio Guerrini, Giovanna Solari, Fabio Chessa, Manuela Univ Genoa Dept Informat Bioengn Robot & Syst Engn Genoa Italy

Gamification, the integration of game design elements into non-game contexts, has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance engagement and enjoyment in various activities. In parallel, advancements in Virtual Reality (VR) have expanded possibilities for immersive experiences, particularly in learning and training scenarios. This paper introduces XRcoding, a gamified immersive coding system that merges VR and passive haptic technologies with standard block coding approaches. XRcoding aims to enhance the user experience of block coding, particularly in educational settings, by providing intuitive interfaces and engaging activities. Building upon previous research on gamification, VR, and tangible programming, XRcoding offers a novel approach to teaching computational thinking and coding concepts. The paper presents the design and implementation of XRcoding, detailing its components and features. Furthermore, an experimental study is conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of XRcoding in enhancing user experience compared to traditional desktop block coding systems. Results indicate that XRcoding offers a more engaging and immersive experience, contributing to the ongoing exploration of immersive technologies and gamification in educational and training settings.

关键词： Virtual reality eXtended reality Passive haptic Computational thinking coding

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Teaching to whom and with whom: the role of context in developing preservice teachers' self-efficacy for teaching engineering and coding via robotics

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY AND DESIGN EDUCATION 2025年 1-28页

作者： Kidd, Jennifer Gutierrez, Kristie Lee, Min Jung Rhemer, Danielle Pazos, Pilar Kaipa, Krishna Ringleb, Stacie Ayala, Orlando Old Dominion Univ Teaching & Learning Norfolk VA 23529 USA Univ North Dakota Teaching Leadership & Profess Practice Grand Forks ND USA Old Dominion Univ Engn Management & Syst Engn Norfolk VA USA Old Dominion Univ Mech & Aerosp Engn Norfolk VA USA Old Dominion Univ Engn Technol Norfolk VA USA

Due to mandates for the inclusion of engineering and computer science standards for K-6 schools nationwide, there is a need to understand how teacher educators can help develop preservice teachers' (PSTs') teaching self-efficacy in these areas. To provide experience teaching and learning engineering and coding, PSTs in an instructional technology course were partnered with undergraduate engineering students in an electromechanical systems course to teach robotics lessons to fifth graders (10-11 year olds) over Zoom. A multi-case study approach explored teaching self-efficacy development for three preservice teachers during their robotics project experiences using multiple data sources, including surveys, reflections, interviews, and Zoom recordings, which were examined to identify how the project's social and intrapersonal context influenced the development of each PST's teaching self-efficacy for engineering and coding. The PSTs gained teaching self-efficacy through all four sources of teaching self-efficacy, although not all PSTs benefited from all four types, nor did they benefit equally. These sources also influenced the PSTs' intention to integrate engineering and coding into their future classrooms. This study demonstrates the potential of providing PSTs with the opportunity to teach robotics to children during their teacher preparation programs to support the development of their teaching self-efficacy for engineering and coding. When conducted in the context of a college course, such opportunities can be thoughtfully structured to leverage positive interactions with peers and elementary students and to take advantage of low-stakes environments, like afterschool clubs, offering PSTs settings rich in sources of self-efficacy information.

关键词： Engineering education Preservice teacher preparation Teacher self-efficacy Engineering Robotics coding

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coding and coverage for cardiac CT in the era of algorithm-based healthcare procedures and services

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JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY 2025年第1期19卷 93-96页

作者： Santillo, Cara Tullia, Kirsten Frank, Richard A. Frank Healthcare Advisors LLC Gainesville FL USA HeartFlow Inc MPH Hlth Management & Policy Mountain View CA USA Amer Univ Washington Coll Law Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth Payment & Hlth Care Delivery Policy & Head ResAdv Washington DC USA

In order for patients to gain the benefit of innovation in cardiac CT, it is necessary for coding, coverage, and payment to adapt to the novelty of algorithm-based healthcare procedures and services (ABHS). Appendix S to the CPT Code Set, the "AI Taxonomy", enables creation of discrete and differentiable codes for reimbursement of ABHS which has been clinically validated and FDA-labeled. Payment policy in OPPS and PFS is evolving to take account of the unique opportunities and issues arising from the clinical adoption of ABHS.

关键词： Cardiac CT CPT Appendix S AI Taxonomy OPPS HOPPS [hospital outpatient prospective payment system] PFS [physician fee schedule] Bundling Practice expense Reimbursement coding Coverage Payment AI Algorithms Algorithm-based healthcare procedures and services Clinical validation Clinical meaningfulness

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Development of coding method for traceability identification of cigarette oil pollution based on preparation of multi-emission fluorescent quantum dots by ligand modulation method

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ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA 2025年 1345卷 343733页

作者： Li, Zijuan Liu, Jiahui Yao, Muzi Zheng, Songjin Chen, Jiaojiao Sun, Shuo Zhao, Haiyang Zhang, Zhiwu Zhang, Jianlong Lv, Xuan Yin, Jinjin Zhangjiakou Cigarette Factory Co Ltd Zhangjiakou 075000 Peoples R China Tianjin Univ Sci & Technol Coll Chem Engn & Mat Sci Tianjin 300457 Peoples R China China Tobacco Hebei Ind Co Ltd Shijiazhuang 050051 Peoples R China

Background: The appearance of cigarettes produces oil spots with different sizes and shapes affect the sensory quality of cigarettes, which are caused by the oil leakage in the production of cigarettes. In the actual production of cigarettes, the mechanical components of the cigarette production line use oil in a very large number of locations, and the processing section was very long. In the event of oil contamination of cigarettes, it is a challenge to ascertain the precise location of oil leakage in mechanical components. Results: Herein, we constructed a coding system based on multi-emission fluorescent nano-quantum dots as the markers to identify the cigarette oil contamination. CdSe/ZnS quantum dots with emission peaks at 553 nm, 568 nm, and 595 nm were obtained by CdSe quantum dots with epitaxial growth of the ZnS shell layer based on oleic acid (OA) and oleylamine (OLA) as ligand in the growth process of CdSe nanocrystals, CdSe quantum dots with emission peaks at 636 nm were prepared by combining the ligand action of OA and OLA with the stepwise growth method. The coding system would be allowed to mark 15 different oil-used points with the same oil, encoded by four quantum dots in permutations. Furthermore, the coding system has a detection of as low as 0.136 cm2 oil spot area, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the detection signal can attain a value exceeding 3.36. Significance: The successful construction of this coding system provides a reference for multipoint localization tracer technology in industry. This study provides the cigarette industry with a simple detection, prominent signal, and multiple options of marking scheme for oil traceability and identification detection method and technical means to solve the problem of oil contamination of cigarettes due to oil leakage phenomenon at oilusing points.

关键词： coding Oil pollution traceability Fluorescent labeling Rapid detection

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Acoustic antenna based on arbitrarily curved coding metasurface for three-dimensional beamforming

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MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING 2025年 232卷

作者： Du, Xing-Yue Chen, A. -Li Wang, Yue-Sheng Beijing Jiaotong Univ Inst Engn Mech Beijing 100044 Peoples R China Tianjin Univ Dept Mech Tianjin 300350 Peoples R China

Acoustic antennas with arbitrarily curved configurations have demonstrated flexibility and conformal adaptation in many applications, which are difficult to be matched with planar metasurfaces. Avoiding the constraints imposed by the high design cost of complex feed systems for conventional acoustic antennas, we propose here a design approach for coding metasurfaces with arbitrarily curved configurations to realize beamforming in arbitrary directions. The digitalization and programmability of coding notions provides a more convenient and intelligent approach for metasurface design and allows for the flexible modulation of the wavefield with only a limited variety of units. The three-dimensional (3D) far-field radiation form of the arbitrarily curved coding metasurface (ACCM) is derived theoretically, which characterizes the relationship between the expected radiation and coding patterns. The discrete particle swarm optimization (DPSO) algorithm is used as a reverse design channel for the coding patterns to realize the specific wavefield. Full wave simulations for ACCMs are implemented by the finite element method. The influences and advantages of the curved configurations for metasurface are discussed. Experimental verifications are also performed for the ACCM. The results show that the ACCM implements the acoustic wave antenna well by combining the coding concept with the reverse optimization design. The present study provides an important theoretical guidance for design of novel acoustic antenna devices.

关键词： Acoustic antenna Far-field scattering Reverse design Curved metasurface coding

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"Ease, comfort, and control": Ideologies of design in software coding

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AI & SOCIETY 2025年 1-14页

作者： Spitzmueller, Juergen Univ Vienna Dept Linguist Vienna Austria

This paper provides an explorative investigation into how the development of software (front- and backends) is framed by reflexive assumptions, ascriptions, and expectations as to how software should be 'designed' to provide the user with 'good', 'transparent' and 'controllable' handling of applications or software environments. Drawing on metapragmatic theory, the notions of ideologies of communication, ideologies of communification, and particularly ideologies of design, the paper unfolds how software designers draw on, and struggle upon, specific notions of graphic transparency, simplicity, and elegance which are densely linked with language and media ideologies about 'effective communication' as well as with specific ideas and ideals of community building and maintenance (e.g., drawing on 'empowerment' and 'inclusiveness') that are envisioned to be bound to specific forms of ('open', 'inviting', and fully user- 'controllable') design and communication. The case in point is a major free and open-source software project that aims to provide a comprehensive free desktop environment including software libraries and a comprehensive software ecosystem, the GNOME project that is currently among the most prominent desktop environments on the Linux operation system. In theoretical terms, the paper contributes to the current discussion in sociolinguistics, linguistic anthropology, and media studies about design as a social value and semiotic device and the opening of metapragmatics towards non-linguistic semiotic resources.

关键词： Metapragmatics Ideologies of design Ideologies of communication Ideologies of communification Open source coding

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I'm not giving up on you: Exploring the roles of politicized trust and critical agency in the Scratch coding trajectory of two Black boys

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JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN SCIENCE TEACHING 2025年第4期62卷 1073-1102页

作者： Worsley, Ti'Era Tan, Edna Northern Virginia Community Coll Informat & Engn Technol Div Annandale VA 22003 USA Univ North Carolina Dept Teacher Educ & Higher Educ Greensboro NC USA

This article looks at how a Black informal STEM educator supported two Black boys' learning opportunities in coding, specifically investigating how the establishment of politicized trust between the informal STEM educator and youth supported their development of critical agency. Using the dual lenses of socio-spatial relationality and politicized trust, we explore how the socio-spatial relationality of place, materials, and educator-youth interactions allowed for the shifting of power dynamics that were foundational to supporting youth in navigating a coding process that centered who they were and their interests, in the moment. We employ participatory design research aimed at reducing power dynamics by remediating who has power within a setting, grounded in dismantling and disrupting traditional power hierarchies through actively involving the community in the design process. We present two case studies that map the learning trajectories of Donovan and Jabria, two middle-school aged Black boys. Their learning trajectories include the following phases: tensions related to coding with Scratch, pivotal interaction with the educator, and development of critical agency. We unpack how the socially produced space supported Donovan, Jabria, and Worsley to critically read the world of coding, rewrite coding through political action, and establish politicized trust. Throughout this process, we see through Donovan and Jabria's interactions they were constantly editing and producing their interactions with coding which led to newly created learning opportunities by developing their critical agency in coding. Four main points were identified: continuous access to materials, sustained engagement to reimagine possibilities, understanding that all disengagement is not equal, and being explicit in communicating expectations followed by concrete action. Across these points, the salience of relational politicized trust between educator and youth was a cross cutting thread.

关键词： Black boys coding informal STEM learning politicized trust socio-spatial relationality

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'That connection with community… it is just a positive thing': Mentoring autistic adolescents participating in community coding programmes

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AUSTRALIAN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY JOURNAL 2025年第2期72卷 e70012页

作者： Milbourn, Ben Cairns, Lilian Cartwright, Caitlin Painter, Siobhan Wedgewood, Caitlin Girdler, Sonya Curtin Univ Curtin Sch Allied Hlth Perth WA 6102 Australia Ctr Neurodev Disorders KIND Ctr Psychiat Res Karolinska Inst & Stockholm Hlth Care Serv Dept Womens & Childrens Hlth Stockholm Sweden Univ Western Australia Sch Allied Hlth Perth WA Australia

Introduction: Little is known regarding the experiences of mentoring autistic adolescents. The aim of the study was to explore the process of mentoring autistic youth participating in community coding programmes through the perspective of mentors and facilitators. Method: A descriptive qualitative research design was used involving focus groups or one-on-one interviews with mentors (n = 5) and facilitators (n = 5) volunteering at two community coding programmes in Western Australia and Victoria. Data were thematically analysed through an iterative process. Consumer and Community InvolvementAn autistic individual was involved in piloting the discussion guide for the semi-structured interviews. Findings: Thematic analysis identified three primary themes, including (1) the mentoring process;(2) Mentor outcomes including sub-themes of development of mentor attributes, professional development and personal wellbeing and satisfaction;and (3) support needs and opportunities. Conclusion: Practical supports and training within community coding clubs may aid mentors and facilitators in supporting the needs of autistic youth in the community. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: In this project, we explored the views of mentors and facilitators of community coding clubs for autistic adolescents. The community clubs were run on Saturdays for 2-4 hours during school term time. A total of 10 participants (five mentors and five facilitators) agreed to meet with the research team to discuss their experiences. We found that mentors and facilitators needed support to develop their mentoring skills which helped them to grow, made them feel better and gave them a feeling of satisfaction. Our study showed the importance of understanding autism spectrum and supporting mentors and facilitators. We showed how mentoring programmes are an emerging approach that occupational therapists can engage with to better support autistic youth with their strengths and passions.

关键词： belonging coding community programmes mentoring strength-based approaches

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Effect of the 5E model enriched with coding and digital game design activities on gifted students' academic achievement and problem-solving skills

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EDUCATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES 2025年 1-32页

作者： Bozan, Ibrahim Taslidere, Erdal Minist Educ Antalya Turkiye Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy Univ Fac Educ Dept Basic Educ TR-15030 Burdur Turkiye

coding and digital game design activities have been used in recent years to contribute to students' academic achievement and twenty-first century skills. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the 5E model enriched with coding and digital game design activities (5EECD) on gifted students' academic achievement and problem-solving skills. A quasi-experimental design with pre-test post-test control group was used in the research. The sample of the study consists of 80 3rd grade gifted primary school students studying at a Science and Art Center affiliated to the Ministry of National Education in T & uuml;rkiye. The study was completed in a five-week treatment period. The experimental group studied the force and motion concept with the 5EECD and the control group studied it with the proposed conventional method. Academic Achievement Test and Problem-Solving Skills Scale were used as pre and post-tests as measuring tools. The data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. The descriptive statistics results revealed that the experimental group students showed higher performances in science achievement and problem-solving skills. Inferentially, MANCOVA results showed that the 5EECD had a statistically significant effect on the collective dependent variables of the academic achievement and problem-solving skills. The ANCOVA findings also supported the above outcomes and it indicated that each of the academic achievement and problem-solving skills of experimental group was significantly higher than those of the control group. Therefore, the findings of the current research suggest that the 5EECD would be used for 3rd grade gifted students' science education.

关键词： coding Digital game design 5E Model Gifted students Problem-solving skills

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Moving beyond the rhetoric: integrating coding into the English curriculum in Australian primary schools

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AUSTRALIAN EDUCATIONAL RESEARCHER 2025年第1期52卷 803-839页

作者： Woo, Karen Falloon, Garry Macquarie Univ Macquarie Sch Educ Macquarie Pk Australia Federat Univ Australia Inst Educ Arts & Community Mt Helen Australia

coding and computational thinking are being hailed as the new literacy for the twenty-first century, and have become increasingly common in schools world-wide. At the same time, the sector is facing a global shortage of technology teachers, and technology lessons are frequently being delivered by non-specialist teachers. Therefore, some have suggested integrating coding into other curricula as a practical solution for non-specialist teachers to deliver outcomes in both Digital Technologies and their own subject areas, whilst also developing general capabilities. To better understand the benefits and practicality of integrating coding into the English curriculum, we present a detailed case study of an Australian Year 5/6 classroom where students engaged in learning units integrating both Digital Technologies and English curriculum outcomes. We explored the nature of students' interdisciplinary learning and general capabilities development through two learning units in which they coded animated narratives (CANs). We also built understanding of how non-specialist teachers in regular classrooms can develop the necessary technological, pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK) to facilitate cross-curricular learning involving coding, and at the same time, promote general curriculum capabilities. Findings challenge the commonly held assumption that integrating coding can be a universal solution to specialist staff shortages and an overcrowded curriculum, and reveal the challenges faced by non-specialist teachers and school organisations that need to be overcome for successful implementation. However, they also indicate that when these challenges are met, integrated approaches can result in interdisciplinary learning, high levels of student engagement, and provide effective environments for general capability development.

关键词： coding General capabilities Collaboration Problem solving TPACK School environment

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