In 2015, the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine developed a low risk for cesarean delivery definition based on administrative claims-based diagnosis codes described by the International Classification of Diseases, Ni...
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In 2015, the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine developed a low risk for cesarean delivery definition based on administrative claims-based diagnosis codes described by the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification. The Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine definition is a clinical enrichment of 2 available measures from the Joint Commission and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality measures. The Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine measure excludes diagnosis codes that represent clinically relevant risk factors that are absolute or relative contraindications to vaginal birth while retaining diagnosis codes such as labor disorders that are discretionary risk factors for cesarean delivery. The introduction of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification in October 2015 expanded the number of available diagnosis codes and enabled a greater depth and breadth of clinical description. These coding improvements further enhance the clinical validity of the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine definition and its potential utility in tracking progress toward the goal of safely lowering the US cesarean delivery rate. This report updates the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine definition of low risk for cesarean delivery using International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification coding.
Redundancy of the universal coding by nonequivalent symbols for Markov sources given by matrices of transient probabilities with a fixed number of different rows is found. As a consequence, the estimates of redundancy...
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Redundancy of the universal coding by nonequivalent symbols for Markov sources given by matrices of transient probabilities with a fixed number of different rows is found. As a consequence, the estimates of redundancy for Markov sources with memory s and for Mealy Markov sources given by a graph are obtained. The rate of decrease in redundancy dependent on the graph characteristics, the length of the coded unit, and the channel bandwidth capacity is established.
Space-time coding radar has been recently proposed and *** is a radar framework which can perform transmit beamforming at the ***,the range resolution decreases when the number of the transmit element increases.A suba...
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Space-time coding radar has been recently proposed and *** is a radar framework which can perform transmit beamforming at the ***,the range resolution decreases when the number of the transmit element increases.A subarray-based space-time coding(sub-STC)radar is explored to alleviate the range resolution *** the proposed radar configuration,an identical waveform is transmitted and it introduces a small time offset in different *** multidimensional ambiguity function of sub-STC radar is defined by considering resolutions in multiple domains including the range,Doppler,angle and probing *** on properties of the multi-dimensional ambiguity function of the sub-STC radar with regard to the spatial coverage,resolution performance and low sidelobes are also *** reveal that the range resolution and low sidelobes performance are improved with the proposed approach.
This review article provides a summary of current correct coding for in office surgical procedures. The relevant Current Procedural Terminology codes are covered and tips and guidance provided for their correct use. A...
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This review article provides a summary of current correct coding for in office surgical procedures. The relevant Current Procedural Terminology codes are covered and tips and guidance provided for their correct use. Also, where applicable, facility versus nonfacility reimbursement policy and the associated implications for physicians practicing in hospital-based clinics are discussed.
Synaptic transmission in the neocortex is dynamic, such that the magnitude of the postsynaptic response changes with the history of the presynaptic activity. Therefore each response carries information about the tempo...
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Synaptic transmission in the neocortex is dynamic, such that the magnitude of the postsynaptic response changes with the history of the presynaptic activity. Therefore each response carries information about the temporal structure of the preceding presynaptic input spike train. We quantitatively analyze the information about previous interspike intervals, contained in single responses of dynamic synapses, using methods from information theory applied to experimentally based deterministic and probabilistic phenomenological models of depressing and facilitating synapses. We show that for any given dynamic synapse, there exists an optimal frequency of presynaptic spike firing for which the information content is maximal;simple relations between this optimal frequency and the synaptic parameters are derived. Depressing neocortical synapses are optimized for coding temporal information at low firing rates of 0.5-5 Hz, typical to the spontaneous activity of cortical neurons, and carry significant information about the timing of up to four preceding presynaptic spikes. Facilitating synapses, however, are optimized to code information at higher presynaptic rates of 9-70 Hz and can represent the timing of over eight presynaptic spikes.
Jastorff J, Begliomini C, Fabbri-Destro M, Rizzolatti G, Orban GA. coding observed motor acts: Different organizational principles in the parietal and premotor cortex of humans. J Neurophysiol 104: 128-140, 2010. Firs...
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Jastorff J, Begliomini C, Fabbri-Destro M, Rizzolatti G, Orban GA. coding observed motor acts: Different organizational principles in the parietal and premotor cortex of humans. J Neurophysiol 104: 128-140, 2010. First published May 5, 2010;doi:10.1152/jn.00254.2010. Understanding actions of conspecifics is a fundamental social ability depending largely on the activation of a parieto-frontal network. Using functional MRI (fMRI), we studied how goal-directed movements (i.e., motor acts) performed by others are coded within this network. In the first experiment, we presented volunteers with video clips showing four different motor acts (dragging, dropping, grasping, and pushing) performed with different effectors (foot, hand, and mouth). We found that the coding of observed motor acts differed between premotor and parietal cortex. In the premotor cortex, they clustered according to the effector used, and in the inferior parietal lobule (IPL), they clustered according to the type of the observed motor act, regardless of the effector. Two subsequent experiments in which we directly contrasted these four motor acts indicated that, in IPL, the observed motor acts are coded according to the relationship between agent and object: Movements bringing the object toward the agent (grasping and dragging) activate a site corresponding approximately to the ventral part of the putative human AIP (phAIP), whereas movements moving the object away from the agent (pushing and dropping) are clustered dorsally within this area. These data provide indications that the phAIP region plays a role in categorizing motor acts according to their behavioral significance. In addition, our results suggest that in the case of motor acts typically done with the hand, the representations of such acts in phAIP are used as templates for coding motor acts executed with other effectors.
We construct a template with two ribbons that describes the topology of all periodic orbits of the geodesic flow on the unit tangent bundle to any sphere with three cone points with hyperbolic metric. The construction...
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We construct a template with two ribbons that describes the topology of all periodic orbits of the geodesic flow on the unit tangent bundle to any sphere with three cone points with hyperbolic metric. The construction relies on the existence of a particular coding with two letters for the geodesics on these orbifolds.
The coding process can be confusing to medical professionals; understanding how to do so correctly will optimize reimbursement and keep the provider safe from potential economic and medicolegal problems. This article ...
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The coding process can be confusing to medical professionals; understanding how to do so correctly will optimize reimbursement and keep the provider safe from potential economic and medicolegal problems. This article reviews the coding and valuation processes and provides specific examples to aid the in how to correctly report procedures.
The primary aim of this study was to determine and compare the receptive field (RF) characteristics and response properties of single mechanosensitive nerve fibers innervating the glabrous skin of the forepaw and hind...
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The primary aim of this study was to determine and compare the receptive field (RF) characteristics and response properties of single mechanosensitive nerve fibers innervating the glabrous skin of the forepaw and hindpaw of the raccoon. The action potentials of 129 median nerve fibers and 61 posterior tibial nerve fibers were recorded in response to punctate mechanical stimuli varying in location and intensity. The stimuli were delivered to six standard test sites on digit 1 and the contiguous pads of each paw. Attempts were made to classify each fiber according to its rate of adaptation to sustained stimulation: the RF of each fiber was mapped using a standard series of stimulus intensities. The results indicated that the response properties of individual fibers were highly complex and depended on the location and intensity of stimulation. 1) The distributions of absolute threshold were not different for the median or tibial nerve fibers or for different classes of fibers based on adaptation rate. A distal to proximal increase in threshold was found for each paw, suggesting a corresponding gradient of sensitivity across the glabrous skin. 2) Threshold RF areas did not vary across either paw nor did they differ between the two paws. Suprathreshold RFs were quite large relative to expected tactile activity and displayed complex features. 3) Response properties such as adaptation rate, on- and off-responses, were found to vary with both stimulus location and intensity. It was concluded that the responses of individual nerve fibers could not uniquely encode any stimulus parameter tested, and that the properties of single fibers could not account for apparent differences in tactile acuity across each paw or between the two paws.
Context. The utilization of poison center data for research and surveillance depends on the complete and accurate coding of the data. Objective. The intent of this study was to describe the coding that Texas poison ce...
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Context. The utilization of poison center data for research and surveillance depends on the complete and accurate coding of the data. Objective. The intent of this study was to describe the coding that Texas poison centers used to identify calls relating to the recent H1N1 outbreak and the extent to which the coding accurately identified the calls. Methods. Cases were all H1N1 calls added to the six Texas poison centers' common database during April 28-September 30, 2009. Cases were selected by identifying all records that had the required H1N1 code or text in the FreeArea1, Substance Verbatim, or PoisIndex code fields or had the terms "swine" or "H1N1" anywhere within the Notes field. The proportion of fields that were coded correctly was determined for each field alone and all three combined and for each of the six poison centers and by 2-month period. Results. Of the 222 H1N1 calls identified, the FreeArea1 field was coded correctly in 67.1% cases, Substance Verbatim field in 73.9%, PoisIndex code field in 73.9%, all three fields together in 45.9%, and none of the three fields in 9.0%. Correct coding of all three fields ranged from 29.7 to 65.5% between the poison centers. All three fields were coded correctly in 49.7% of the April-May calls, 38.5% of June-July calls, and 29.6% of the August-September calls. Discussion. All three of the fields were coded correctly in less than half of the H1N1 calls;however, at least one of the fields was useful in identifying 91% of the calls. Correct coding rates varied widely between the poison centers and declined over time. Conclusions. Use of three different fields to code H1N1 calls identified the majority of such calls received. However, dependence on a single field would have missed a number of calls.
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