In this paper, we state a metatheorem for constructions involving coding. Using the metatheorem, we obtain results on coding a family of sets into a family of relations, or into a single relation. For a concrete examp...
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In this paper, we state a metatheorem for constructions involving coding. Using the metatheorem, we obtain results on coding a family of sets into a family of relations, or into a single relation. For a concrete example, we show that the set of limit points in a recursive ordering of type omega(2) can have arbitrary 2-REA degree. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
A discharge abstract must be completed for each hospitalization. The most time-consuming component of this task is a complete review of the doctors' progress notes to identify and code all diagnoses and procedures...
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A discharge abstract must be completed for each hospitalization. The most time-consuming component of this task is a complete review of the doctors' progress notes to identify and code all diagnoses and procedures. We have developed a clinical database that creates hospital discharge summaries. To compare diagnostic and procedural coding from a clinical database vs. the standard chart review by health records analysts (HRA). All patients admitted and discharged from general medical and surgical services at a teaching hospital in Ontario, Canada. Diagnostic and procedural codes were identified by reviewing discharge summaries generated from a clinical database. Independently, codes were identified by hospital health records analysts using chart review alone. Codes were compared with a gold standard case review conducted by a health records analyst and a doctor. coding accuracy (percentage of codes in gold standard review) and completeness (percentage of gold standard codes identified). The study included 124 patients (mean length of stay 5.5 days;66.4% medical patients). The accuracy of the most responsible diagnosis was 68.5% and 62.9% for the database (D) and chart review (C), respectively (P=0.18). Overall, the database significantly improved the accuracy (D= 8.9% vs. C=74.5%;P=0.02) and completeness (D=63.9% vs. C=36.7%;P<0.0001) of diagnostic coding. Although completeness of procedural coding was similar (D=5.4% vs. C=64.2%;P=NS), accuracy decreased with the database (D=70.3% vs. C=92.2%;P < 0.0001). Mean resource intensity weightings calculated from the codes (D=1.3 vs. C=1.4;P=NS) were similar. coding from a clinical database may circumvent the need for HRAs to review doctors' progress notes, while maintaining the quality of coding in the discharge abstract.
One of the current versions of additive schemes to estimate gas chromatographic retention indices of organic compounds not characterized by these constants assumes their structure to be assembled from simpler precurso...
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One of the current versions of additive schemes to estimate gas chromatographic retention indices of organic compounds not characterized by these constants assumes their structure to be assembled from simpler precursors, and subsequent arithmetical operations are performed with the known indices by the selected schemes. In order to optimize the use of such an algorithm (to confirm the correctness of the selection of structural analogs, to eliminate superposition uncertainty, etc.) it is proposed to use the linear coding system for not complete molecular structures, but only those fragments that mostly affect the chromatographic retention parameters.
The biochemical machinery of living systems obeys kinetic laws, but is driven by Gibbs function flows. Both the kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of Gibbs gain, transmission, and utilization are considered. An informa...
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The biochemical machinery of living systems obeys kinetic laws, but is driven by Gibbs function flows. Both the kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of Gibbs gain, transmission, and utilization are considered. An information-theoretic approach is used to find conditions under which the kinetics encodes the associated Gibbs function flow with the lowest possible error.
Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes for electrodiagnostic procedures include codes for nerve conduction studies, nerve tests with preconfigured arrays, reflex tests, electromyography (EMG), and chemodenervation...
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Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes for electrodiagnostic procedures include codes for nerve conduction studies, nerve tests with preconfigured arrays, reflex tests, electromyography (EMG), and chemodenervation procedures. The codes are updated yearly. For 2012, there are new EMG codes to be used when the patient also receives nerve conduction studies on the same date. coding for bilateral chemodenervation procedures has also been clarified. The CPT codes for neurologic procedures are not defined to include consultation or other evaluation and management services. When appropriate, codes for these services and skills may be submitted along with the codes for any neurologic procedures.
This article explores the theoretical basis of coding within topographic representations, where neurons encoding specific features such as locations, are arranged into maps. A novel type of representation, termed non-...
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This article explores the theoretical basis of coding within topographic representations, where neurons encoding specific features such as locations, are arranged into maps. A novel type of representation, termed non-specific, where each neuron does not encode specific features is also postulated. In common with the previously described distributed representations [Rolls, E.T., Treves, A., 1998. Neural Networks and Brain Function. Oxford University Press, Oxford], topographic representations display an exponential relationship between stimuli encoded and both number of neurons and maximum firing rate of those neurons. The non-specific representations described here display a binomial expansion between the number of stimuli encoded and the sum of the number of neurons and the maximum firing rate;therefore groups of non-specific neurons usually encode less stimuli than equivalent topographic layers of neurons. Lower and higher order sensory regions of the brain use either topographic or distributed representations to encode information. It is proposed that non-specific representations may occur in regions of the brain where different types of information may be represented by the same neurons, as occurs in the prefrontal cortex. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Effective October 1, 2007, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services has changed its methodology for determining the diagnosis-related group for hospitalized patients. In an effort to more accurately reflect seve...
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Effective October 1, 2007, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services has changed its methodology for determining the diagnosis-related group for hospitalized patients. In an effort to more accurately reflect severity of illness, the 538 diagnosis-related groups have been converted to 745 new Medicare severity diagnosis-related groups. In addition, selected hospital-acquired complications not identified as present on admission will no longer be reimbursed. The changes will have profound effects on reimbursement for hospitalizations. To minimize financial losses under the new rules, hospitals and physicians will have to devote significant resources and attention to improved documentation. This article will discuss the new payment system, the physician's role in ensuring that all clinically important diagnoses are captured by coding specialists, and strategies that can be employed to respond proactively to the challenge. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:124-130. (C) 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
作者：
Surer, PaulUNESP
IBILCE Dept Matemat Sao Jose Do Rio Preto Brazil
We develop a theory that allows us to code dynamical systems induced by primitive substitutions continuously as shifts of finite type in many different ways. The well-known prefix-suffix coding turns out to correspond...
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We develop a theory that allows us to code dynamical systems induced by primitive substitutions continuously as shifts of finite type in many different ways. The well-known prefix-suffix coding turns out to correspond to one special case. We precisely analyse the basic properties of these codings (injectivity, coding of the periodic points, properties of the presentation graph, interaction with the shift map). A lot of examples illustrate the theory and show that, depending on the particular coding, several amazing effects may occur. The results give new insights into the theory of substitution dynamical systems and might serve as a powerful tool for further researches.
Let alpha be in the two-dimensional torus T (2) = R (2)/Z (2). Assume that the translation map T : x -> x + alpha acts ergodically. We present a symbolic coding of the map T which shares several properties with the...
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Let alpha be in the two-dimensional torus T (2) = R (2)/Z (2). Assume that the translation map T : x -> x + alpha acts ergodically. We present a symbolic coding of the map T which shares several properties with the Sturmian coding of a one-dimensional translation. The symbolic dynamical system is metrically isomorphic to the geometric dynamical system (T (2), T). The coding is of quadratic growth complexity and 2-balanced. Moreover, there is a geometric underpinning, the coding is related to a fundamental domain for the action of Z (2) on R (2) and also to bounded remainder sets.
Total poly(A)+ mRNA was isolated from mengovirus-infected [mouse] Ehrlich ascites tumor cells at various times postinfection and quantitated in a cell-free system derived from uninfected ascites cells. Basic proteins ...
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Total poly(A)+ mRNA was isolated from mengovirus-infected [mouse] Ehrlich ascites tumor cells at various times postinfection and quantitated in a cell-free system derived from uninfected ascites cells. Basic proteins were separated from acidic proteins by carboxymethyl cellulose chromatography. At the end of the infectious cycle, 8 h postinfection, the cellular contents of most mRNA coding for basic ribosomal proteins are still between 70-90% of those measured at the beginning of infection or in uninfected cells. The rapid shutoff of host protein synthesis after mengovirus infection of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells cannot be the consequence of the inactivation of host template RNA.
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