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A Model-Driven Approach for the Management and Enforcement of coding conventions

IEEE ACCESS 2023年 11卷 25735-25754页

作者： Rodrigues Jr, Elder Pereira, Jose D'Abruzzo Montecchi, Leonardo Univ Estadual Campinas Inst Comp BR-13083852 Campinas SP Brazil Univ Coimbra Ctr Informat & Syst Dept Informat Engn P-3030290 Coimbra Portugal Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol Dept Comp Sci N-7034 Trondheim Norway

coding conventions are a means to improve the reliability of software systems, and they are especially useful to avoid the introduction of known bugs or security flaws. However, coding rules typically come in the form of text written in natural language, which makes them hard to manage and to enforce. Following the model-driven engineering principles, in this paper we propose an approach for the management and enforcement of coding conventions using structured models. We define the coding conventions Specification Language (CCSL), a language to define coding rules as structured specifications, from which checkers are derived automatically by code generation. To evaluate our approach, we run a thorough experiment on 8 real open-source projects and 77 coding rules for the Java language, comparing the violations identified by our checkers with those reported by the PMD static analysis tool. The obtained results are promising and confirm the feasibility of the approach. The experiment also revealed that textual coding rules rarely document all the necessary information to write a reliable checker.

关键词： Encoding Codes Domain specific languages Java Static analysis Source coding Security Model-driven development coding standards coding conventions model-driven engineering domain-specific languages static analysis

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Towards a Structured Specification of coding conventions 24

Towards a Structured Specification of Coding Conventions

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IEEE 24th Pacific Rim International Symposium on Dependable Computing (PRDC)

作者： Rodrigues, Elder, Jr. Montecchi, Leonardo Univ Estadual Campinas Inst Comp Campinas SP Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781728149615

coding conventions are a means to improve the reliability of software systems. They can be established for many reasons, ranging from improving the readability of code to avoiding the introduction of security flaws. However, coding conventions often come in the form of textual documents in natural language, which makes them hard to manage and to enforce. Following model-driven engineering principles, in this paper we propose an approach and language for specifying coding conventions using structured models. We ran a feasibility study, in which we applied our language for specifying 215 coding rules from two popular rulesets. The obtained results are promising and suggest that the proposed approach is feasible. However, they also highlight that many challenges still need to be overcome. We conclude with an overview on the ongoing work for generating automated checkers from such models, and we discuss directions for an objective evaluation of the methodology.

关键词： coding standards coding conventions model-driven engineering domain-specific languages static analysis

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Learning Natural coding conventions 22

Learning Natural Coding Conventions

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22nd ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (FSE)

作者： Allamanis, Miltiadis Barr, Earl T. Bird, Christian Sutton, Charles Univ Edinburgh Sch Informat Edinburgh EH8 9AB Midlothian Scotland UCL Dept Comp Sci London England Microsoft Microsoft Res Redmond WA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450330565

Every programmer has a characteristic style, ranging from preferences about identifier naming to preferences about object relationships and design patterns. coding conventions define a consistent syntactic style, fostering readability and hence maintainability. When collaborating, programmers strive to obey a project's coding conventions. However, one third of reviews of changes contain feedback about coding conventions, indicating that programmers do not always follow them and that project members care deeply about adherence. Unfortunately, programmers are often unaware of coding conventions because inferring them requires a global view, one that aggregates the many local decisions programmers make and identifies emergent consensus on style. We present NATURALIZE, a framework that learns the style of a codebase, and suggests revisions to improve stylistic consistency. NATURALIZE builds on recent work in applying statistical natural language processing to source code. We apply NATURALIZE to suggest natural identifier names and formatting conventions. We present four tools focused on ensuring natural code during development and release management, including code review. NATURALIZE achieves 94% accuracy in its top suggestions for identifier names. We used NATURALIZE to generate 18 patches for 5 open source projects: 14 were accepted.

关键词： coding conventions naturalness of software

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Cdc :: Cyber :: Comm :: Cdcnet :: Arh6325 Advanced Comm Systems Development coding conventions Jul84

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2016年

Cdc :: Cyber :: Comm :: Cdcnet :: Arh6325 Advanced Comm Systems Development coding conventions Jul84 by published by

关键词： acsd coding acso coding advanced arh6325 cdcnet code coding coding conventions common common deck common decks conventions conventions april cyber cyber implementation cybil cybil handbook deck decks development implementation language parameter procedure source code type

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Cjj: a subset of C++ compliant with Java

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SCIENCE OF COMPUTER PROGRAMMING 2002年第2-3期42卷 229-271页

作者： Tonella, P Potrich, A Ctr Ric Sci & Tecnol ITC Irst Trent Italy

The C++ programming language offers a wide range of coding alternatives to programmers. Some language characteristics inherited from C are potential sources of problems during the evolution of a system. Global variables, arbitrary branches, pointers, memory management instructions and macro directives are examples of them. The resulting code may be difficult to understand, maintain and test, if such language features are used without proper discipline. The Java language was designed with the explicit goal of excluding all troublesome features that can be found in C++, by disregarding some of them (e.g., globals), and disciplining other ones (e.g., pointers). For several companies the migration to Java is not strategically feasible. Nevertheless, the adoption of its philosophy within C++ code could help improve the quality of the software. In this paper a subset of C++, named Cjj, is defined which is compliant with Java, in that it enforces a Java-like programming style, while forbidding all C++ constructs that are in contrast with it. A tool for the verification of the compliance of an input source with Q was developed. It verifies if any of the constraints defining Cjj is violated. (C) 2,002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： code analysis programming languages coding conventions

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Using triple graph grammars to realise incremental round-trip engineering

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IET SOFTWARE 2016年第6期10卷 173-181页

作者： Buchmann, Thomas Westfechtel, Bernhard Univ Bayreuth Appl Comp Sci 1 Univ Str 30 D-95440 Bayreuth Germany

Model-driven software engineering is supported with the help of model transformations. At present, the technology for defining and executing uni-directional batch transformations seems to be fairly well developed, while bidirectional and incremental transformations are more difficult to handle. In this study, the authors present a bidirectional and incremental transformation tool for round-trip engineering between class diagrams and Java source code. Unlike other approaches, the tool may work with arbitrary Java code rather than only with source code following specific coding conventions. For its realisation, they selected triple graph grammars (TGGs) because they allow to generate bidirectional incremental transformations from a single set of undirected rules. When applying TGGs, they observed several strengths and weaknesses which are also discussed in this study.

关键词： bidirectional incremental transformations unidirectional batch transformations model-driven software engineering class diagrams Java model transformations undirected rules Formal languages and computational linguistics bidirectional transformation tool Software engineering techniques incremental round-trip engineering software engineering TGG Java source code graph grammars triple graph grammars coding conventions Object-oriented programming High level languages incremental transformation tool source code (software)

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Styler: learning formatting conventions to repair Checkstyle violations

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EMPIRICAL SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2022年第6期27卷 1-36页

作者： Loriot, Benjamin Madeiral, Fernanda Monperrus, Martin Univ Technol Compiegne Compiegne France KTH Royal Inst Technol Stockholm Sweden KTH Royal Inst Technol Software Technol Stockholm Sweden

Ensuring the consistent usage of formatting conventions is an important aspect of modern software quality assurance. To do so, the source code of a project should be checked against the formatting conventions (or rules) adopted by its development team, and then the detected violations should be repaired if any. While the former task can be automatically done by format checkers implemented in linters, there is no satisfactory solution for the latter. Manually fixing formatting convention violations is a waste of developer time and code formatters do not take into account the conventions adopted and configured by developers for the used linter. In this paper, we present Styler, a tool dedicated to fixing formatting rule violations raised by format checkers using a machine learning approach. For a given project, Styler first generates training data by injecting violations of the project-specific rules in violation-free source code files. Then, it learns fixes by feeding long short-term memory neural networks with the training data encoded into token sequences. Finally, it predicts fixes for real formatting violations with the trained models. Currently, Styler supports a single checker, Checkstyle, which is a highly configurable and popular format checker for Java. In an empirical evaluation, Styler repaired 41% of 26,791 Checkstyle violations mined from 104 GitHub projects. Moreover, we compared Styler with the IntelliJ plugin CheckStyle-IDEA and the machine-learning-based code formatters Naturalize and CodeBuff. We found out that Styler fixes violations of a diverse set of Checkstyle rules (24/25 rules), generates smaller repairs in comparison to the other systems, and predicts repairs in seconds once trained on a project. Through a manual analysis, we identified cases in which Styler does not succeed to generate correct repairs, which can guide further improvements in Styler. Finally, the results suggest that Styler can be useful to help developers repair Checkstyle

关键词： coding conventions Linter Format checker Checkstyle Formatting violations Automatic repair

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Using MedDRA for adverse events in cancer trials: Experience, caveats, and advice

引用

DRUG INFORMATION JOURNAL 2001年第3期35卷 845-852页

作者： Tremmel, LT Scarpone, L PRA Int Data Management & Anal Eatontown NJ 07724 USA

The Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) will be the standard coding dictionary for adverse events in the future. We will report our experience with MedDRA Version 2.1 in coding and analysis of adverse events from two cancer trials. We will highlight differences between MedDRA and conventional, dictionaries such as coding Symbols for a Thesaurus of Adverse Reaction Terms (COSTART), and we will summarize our experience with licensing, installation, and browsing and coding software for this novel dictionary. We will focus on our experience with MedDRA's extreme specificity: Slightly different verbatim terms are prone to be coded to different preferred terms and even entirely different system organ classes. This can have serious implications for statistical analysis that will also be discussed We will develop recommendations on how these issues can be avoided by appropriate steps from clinical trial monitoring through data management to the statistical analysis plan.

关键词： MedDRA coding conventions incidence rates cancer trials special search categories

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Suggesting Accurate Method and Class Names 2015

Suggesting Accurate Method and Class Names

引用

10th Joint Meeting of the European Software Engineering Conference (ESEC) / ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (FSE)

ISBN: (纸本)9781450336758

Descriptive names are a vital part of readable, and hence maintainable, code. Recent progress on automatically suggesting names for local variables tantalizes with the prospect of replicating that success with method and class names. However, suggesting names for methods and classes is much more difficult. This is because good method and class names need to be functionally descriptive, but suggesting such names requires that the model goes beyond local context. We introduce a neural probabilistic language model for source code that is specifically designed for the method naming problem. Our model learns which names are semantically similar by assigning them to locations, called embeddings, in a high-dimensional continuous space, in such a way that names with similar embeddings tend to be used in similar contexts. These embeddings seem to contain semantic information about tokens, even though they are learned only from statistical co-occurrences of tokens. Furthermore, we introduce a variant of our model that is, to our knowledge, the first that can propose neologisms, names that have not appeared in the training corpus. We obtain state of the art results on the method, class, and even the simpler variable naming tasks. More broadly, the continuous embeddings that are learned by our model have the potential for wide application within software engineering.

关键词： coding conventions naturalness of software

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Identifying Code Quality Issues for Undergraduate Students Using Static Analysis and NLP

Identifying Code Quality Issues for Undergraduate Students U...

引用

International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence (CSCI)

作者： Irnhmed, Essa Ceh-Varela, Edgar Kilgore, Scott Eastern New Mexico Univ Dept Math Sci Portales NM 88130 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350361513;9798350372304

This study presents a detailed analysis of coding standards in the context of university-level programming courses. Focusing on the challenges faced by students in understanding and applying these standards, the study utilized the CheckStyle tool for Java programming and Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques, such as Doc2Vec, for error categorization. The analysis revealed common issues, such as spacing problems and non-compliance with naming conventions, exacerbated by factors like tight schedules and limited grading emphasis. Importantly, this paper serves as an exploratory study utilizing advanced natural language processing methods, shedding light on students' complexities in adhering to coding standards.

关键词： coding conventions Static Code Analysis CheckStyle Natural Language Processing Doc2Vec

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