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20th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)

作者： Li, Bin Xu, Jizheng Li, Houqiang Univ Sci & Technol China Hefei 230026 Peoples R China Microsoft Res Asia Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781479923410

This paper presents a Lagrange multiplier determination method and Quantization Parameter (QP) refinement algorithm used in the Rate-Distortion Optimization (RDO) process to improve the coding efficiency for Audio Video coding Standard (AVS) (IEEE 1857). This paper investigates the Lagrange multiplier setting problem for different kinds of pictures in the encoding process of AVS. When Lagrange multiplier is determined, to minimize the RD (Rate-Distortion) cost, the optimal QP can be selected by multiple-QP optimization. However, this kind of optimization increases the encoding time significantly. This paper analyzes the relationship between the QP value and Lagrange multiplier in this paper. And then this relationship is applied in the encoding process of AVS to refine the predetermined QP value. The experimental results show that proposed algorithm can lead to significant bit saving compared with the default anchor of AVS. The proposed method improves the coding efficiency without increasing the processing time.

关键词： Lagrange multiplier Quantization parameter AVS coding efficiency

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The noise cancelation effects caused by spike-frequency adaptation in single neurons

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NONLINEAR DYNAMICS 2020年第2期100卷 1825-1835页

作者： Zhang, Hui Yao, Jing Yu, Lianchun Zhang, Yiqi Taiyuan Univ Technol Coll Biomed Engn Taiyuan 030000 Peoples R China Lanzhou Univ Inst Theoret Phys Lanzhou 730000 Peoples R China Gansu Prov Peoples Hosp Anesthesia Surg Dept Lanzhou 730000 Peoples R China

Spike-frequency adaptation, which reduces the firing rate of a neuron during a constant stimulus, is a prominent property observed in many neurons. In this work, we studied the effects of the IAHP spiking adaptation on the information transmission and efficiency of the Morris-Lecar (ML) neuron model in the spike-timing coding scheme. We showed that this kind of adaptation caused non-trivial spiking dynamics when the input rate was high. Under the stimulation of high-rate inputs, although IAHP adaptation neurons could not outperform non-adaptation neurons in terms of information rate, IAHP adaptation neurons yielded higher coding efficiency than non-adaptation neurons. We also found that the noise could enlarge the range of input rates that the adaptation takes effect to enhance coding efficiency. Increasing the calcium-activated K+ current could also extend the range of input rates in which adaptation takes effect. Therefore, we argue that the IAHP adaptation mechanism may play a role of adaptive noise cancelation mechanism in neuronal information processing, i.e., it maintains information transmission when neurons receive low-rate inputs but substantially enhancing coding efficiency for high-rate inputs and highly noise environments by suppressing the spike train variability caused by the noise.

关键词： Morris-Lecar neuron model Spike-frequency adaptation Information entropy coding efficiency

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Optimal Huffman coding Performance of Ad-Hoc Networks Based on Cross-Layer Design

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JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020年第6期36卷 1375-1386页

作者： Mehta, Ridhima Jawaharlal Nehru Univ Sch Comp & Syst Sci New Delhi 110067 India

Effective data compression and sustainable management of limited bandwidth are the fundamental challenges in the design of current ad-hoc wireless networks. Dynamic Huffman coding protocol with optimal prefix-free codewords assigned to network parameters through cross-layer methodology can considerably address these issues for performance enhancement in these networks. In this paper, the entropy based Huffman binary and ternary coding schemes are implemented with cross-layer design in mobile ad-hoc networks. This cross-layer approach for achieving higher adaptivity incorporated four layers of the traditional networking stack. The simulation results demonstrated the performance trade-off between throughput and coding metrics for the proposed cross-layer architecture. Moreover, our proposed model exhibits substantially higher compression ratio and coding efficiency than the other existing methods through the integration of this lossless coding protocol in the developed cross-layer framework.

关键词： ad-hoc network cross-layer design Huffman coding information rate coding efficiency

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Rate-distortion/complexity analysis of HEVC, VVC and AV1 video codecs

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MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2020年第39-40期79卷 29621-29638页

作者： Garcia-Lucas, D. Cebrian-Marquez, G. Cuenca, P. Univ Castilla La Mancha High Performance Networks & Architectures Grp Albacete Spain Univ Politecn Madrid Escuela Tecn Super Ingenieros Informat Madrid Spain

With the advent of smartphones and tablets, the amount of online video traffic has increased enormously. This, together with the growing popularity of high-definition video, motivated the development of the High efficiency Video coding (HEVC) standard, released in 2013, with the aim of achieving a 50% bitrate reduction with respect to its predecessor, namely H.264/MPEG-4 Advanced Video coding (AVC). However, new contents with greater resolutions and requirements arise every day, making it necessary to reduce the bitrate to a further extent. In this regard, the efforts to become the leading video codec in the market resulted in two main contenders: the Joint Video Experts Team (JVET), which leads the development of the Versatile Video coding (VVC) standard, and the Alliance for Open Media (AOMedia), which spearheads the AOMedia Video 1 (AV1) project. In this context, this paper presents a rate-distortion/complexity analysis of HEVC, VVC and AV1 main video codecs using objective measures of assessment in order to analyze their real capabilities. The analysis, which was done using well-defined test conditions, reveals that VVC considerably outperforms both HEVC and AV1 in terms of coding efficiency.

关键词： HEVC VVC AV1 Computational time coding efficiency

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Algorithms for Fast Implementation of 4-Point Integer Sine Type Vii Transformswithout Multiplication and Separable Directional Adaptive Transforms for Intra Prediction in Image/Video coding

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CYBERNETICS AND SYSTEMS ANALYSIS 2020年第1期56卷 159-170页

作者： Hnativ, L. O. Luts, V. K. Natl Acad Sci Ukraine VM Glushkov Inst Cybernet Kiev Ukraine

The separable directional adaptive integer cosine and sine type VII transforms with 4x4 blocks are proposed for intra prediction in image and video coding. Algorithms for fast implementation of 2D 4-point separable directional integer cosine and sine transforms are developed. These algorithms require 7 times fewer multiplication operations and provide higher compression ratio than the well-known algorithms. Two order-4 integer sine type VII transforms are proposed, and algorithms are developed for fast implementation of 4-point integer sine type VII transforms, which require integer operations only. As compared to the known algorithm, these algorithms can significantly reduce the number of multiplication operations or avoid them at all. These integer sine transforms are very close to discrete sine type VII transform and have a higher compression ratio than the well-known sine transform accepted in standard H.265 does.

关键词： discrete cosine transform discrete sine transform integer cosine transform integer sine transform mode-dependent directional transform separate directional adaptive transform factorization fast transform coding efficiency intra prediction video coding H 264 H 265

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A Review of Emerging Video Codecs: Challenges and Opportunities 35

A Review of Emerging Video Codecs: Challenges and Opportunit...

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35th International Conference on Image and Vision Computing New Zealand (IVCNZ)

作者： Punchihewa, Amal Bailey, Donald Massey Univ Ctr Res Image & Signal Proc Palmerston North New Zealand

ISBN: (纸本)9781728185798

This paper presents a review of video codecs that are in use and currently being developed, the codec development process, current trends, challenges and opportunities for the research community. There is a paradigm shift in video coding standards. Concurrently, multiple video standards are standardised by standardising organisations. At the same time, royalty free video compression standards are being developed and standardised. Introduction of enhancement-layer-based coding standards will extend the lifetime of legacy video codecs finding middle ground in improved coding efficiency, computational complexity and power requirements. The video coding landscape is changing that is challenged by emergence of multiple video coding standards for different use cases. These may offer some opportunities for coding industry, especially for New Zealand researchers serving niche markets in video games, computer generated videos and animations.

关键词： video coding compression MPEG ITU computational complexity coding efficiency

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Efficient coding of experimental holograms using speckle denoising

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SIGNAL PROCESSING-IMAGE COMMUNICATION 2021年 96卷 116306-116306页

作者： Bernardo, Marco, V Fonseca, Elsa Pinheiro, Antonio M. G. Fiadeiro, Paulo T. Pereira, Manuela Inst Telecomunicacoes IT Covilha Portugal Fiber Mat & Environm Technol FibEnTech UBI Covilha Portugal Univ Beira Interior UBI P-6201001 Covilha Portugal

Lossy compression for Experimental Holograms (EH) and Computer-Generated Holograms (CGH) using standardized coding solutions is a highly efficient process provided that these solutions can be applied to the object plane. This compression efficiency reveals to be more relevant in CGH. Speckle noise mainly affects reconstructed EH, and to less extent reconstructed CGH. In the current work, the reduction of speckle noise of EH is proposed to improve the coding efficiency of the hologram compression scheme. The compression scheme defines a base layer where a 2D version of the object is coded with an image codec standard. When speckle noise reduction is performed before any compression, efficient compression is obtained for both CGH and EH. Since speckle noise reduction is performed only on amplitude data, without affecting the phase information of the reconstructed hologram, it is still possible to render 3D features such as depth map, multi-view or to recover holographic interference patterns for further 3D visualization.

关键词： Digital Holography Data compression coding efficiency Speckle noise

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A Method of Codec Comparison and Selection for Good Quality Video Transmission Over Limited-Bandwidth Networks

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SENSORS 2021年第13期21卷 4589-4589页

作者： Klink, Janusz Wroclaw Univ Sci & Technol Dept Telecommun & Teleinformat PL-50370 Wroclaw Poland

Finding a proper balance between video quality and the required bandwidth is an important issue, especially in networks of limited capacity. The problem of comparing the efficiency of video codecs and choosing the most suitable one in a specific situation has become very important. This paper proposes a method of comparing video codecs while also taking into account objective quality assessment metrics. The author shows the process of preparing video footage, assessing its quality, determining the rate-distortion curves, and calculating the bitrate saving for pairs of examined codecs. Thanks to the use of the spline interpolation method, the obtained results are better than those previously presented in the literature, and more resistant to the quality metric used.

关键词： video quality assessment dynamic adaptive streaming MPEG DASH coding efficiency codec comparison spline interpolation H 264 (AVC) H 265 (HEVC) AV1

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Color technology is not necessary for rich and efficient color language

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COGNITION 2022年 229卷 105223页

作者： Wnuk, Ewelina Verkerk, Annemarie Levinson, Stephen C. Majid, Asifa Univ Warsaw Inst English Studies PL-00681 Warsaw Poland UCL Dept Anthropol London WC1H0BW England Saarland Univ Dept Language Sci & Technol D-66123 Saarbrucken Germany Radboud Univ Nijmegen NL-6500 HD Nijmegen Netherlands Max Planck Inst Psycholinguist Language & Cognit Dept NL-6500 AH Nijmegen Netherlands Univ Oxford Dept Expt Psychol Oxford OX26GG Oxon England Radboud Univ Nijmegen POB 9103 NL-6500 HD Nijmegen Netherlands

The evolution of basic color terms in language is claimed to be stimulated by technological development, involving technological control of color or exposure to artificially colored objects. Accordingly, technologically "simple " non-industrialized societies are expected to have poor lexicalization of color, i.e., only rudimentary lexica of 2, 3 or 4 basic color terms, with unnamed gaps in the color space. While it may indeed be the case that technology stimulates lexical growth of color terms, it is sometimes considered a sine qua non for color salience and lexicalization. We provide novel evidence that this overlooks the role of the natural environment, and people's engagement with the environment, in the evolution of color vocabulary. We introduce the Man-iq-nomadic hunter-gatherers with no color technology, but who have a basic color lexicon of 6 or 7 terms, thus of the same order as large languages like Vietnamese and Hausa, and who routinely talk about color. We examine color language in Maniq and compare it to available data in other languages to demonstrate it has remarkably high consensual color term usage, on a par with English, and high coding efficiency. This shows colors can matter even for non-industrialized societies, suggesting technology is not necessary for color language. Instead, factors such as perceptual prominence of color in natural environments, its practical usefulness across communicative contexts, and symbolic importance can all stimulate elaboration of color language.

关键词： Basic color terms Secondary color terms coding efficiency Cross-cultural codability Color technology Color salience

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In-Loop Filter with Dense Residual Convolutional Neural Network for VVC 3

In-Loop Filter with Dense Residual Convolutional Neural Netw...

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IEEE 3rd International Conference on Multimedia Information Processing and Retrieval (IEEE MIPR)

作者： Chen, Sijia Chen, Zhenzhong Wang, Yingbin Liu, Shan Wuhan Univ Sch Comp Sci Wuhan Peoples R China Wuhan Univ Sch Remote Sensing & Informat Engn Wuhan Peoples R China Tencent Media Lab Shenzhen Peoples R China Tencent Media Lab Palo Alto CA USA

ISBN: (数字)9781728142722

ISBN: (纸本)9781728142722

In-loop filters are usually used to remove artifacts or further improve coding performance in lossy video compression. Encouraged by the superior performance of deep learning on image restoration, a dense residual convolutional neural network (DRN) based in-loop filter is proposed in this paper for Versatile Video coding (VVC). The proposed network utilizes residual learning module, dense shortcuts and bottleneck layers, to solve the problems of gradient vanishing, encourage features reuse and save computational resources, respectively. We present the modifications of DRN in terms of network structure, training materials and training process for the trade off between computational complexity and coding efficiency, and valid the effectiveness of the modifications based on the experimental results. Besides, the proposed framework outperforms the VVC reference software with three coding configurations.

关键词： in-loop filtering video compression coding efficiency network complexity

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