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The Software Industry's "Clean Water Act" Alternative

IEEE SECURITY & PRIVACY 2012年第3期10卷 24-31页

作者： Martin, Robert A. Christey, Steven M. MITRE Informat & Comp Technol Div Mclean VA USA MITRE Secur & Informat Operat Div Mclean VA USA

With water, we trust that qualities harmful to its intended use aren't present. To avoid a regulatory solution to problems with contaminants that endanger software's intended use, the industry needs to implement processes and technical methods for examining software for the contaminants that are most dangerous given its intended use. By finding systematic and verifiable ways to identify remove, and verify contaminated software, software providers can improve customers' confidence in systems and possibly avoid regulatory solutions.

关键词： Source Code Static Analysis Vulnerability Severity Security Weakness Risk Risk Management Software Flaws Design Mistakes coding errors Security Mistakes Code Assessment Application Security Operational Impact Prioritization

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SAW device implementation of a weighted stepped chirp code signal for direct sequence spread spectrum communications systems

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2000年第4期47卷 967-973页

作者： Carter, SE Malocha, DC Univ Cent Florida Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci Orlando FL 32816 USA

This paper introduces a new weighted stepped chirp code signal for direct sequence spread spectrum (DS/SS) communications systems. This code signal uses the truncated cosine series functions as the chip functions, and it is the result of discretizing a continuous wave (CW) chirp that results in enhanced performance versus a pseudonoise (PN) code and equivalent performance and easier implementation than a CW chirp. This code signal will be shown to have improved compression ratio (CR) and peak sidelobe level (PSL) versus a PN code with identical code length and chip length. It also will be shown to have a similar CR and PSL compared to a CW chirp with identical pulse length and frequency deviation. The code signal is implemented on surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices that will be used as the code generator at the transmitter and the correlator at the receiver. The design considerations for the SAW device implementation of the code signal are discussed, including the effects of intersymbol interference. Experimental data is presented and compared to the predicted results for 8 different SAW devices examining the effects of code length (9 or 13 chips), weighting (uniform, cosine-squared, and Hamming), and sampling on the performance of the code signal.

关键词： chirp modulation coding errors intersymbol interference pseudonoise codes spread spectrum communication surface acoustic wave correlation surface acoustic wave signal processing BER CW chirp discretization DS/SS communications systems Hamming weighting S Chirp modulation Hamming weight surface acoustic wave signal processing Surface Acoustic Wave Device direct sequence spread spectrum Bit error rate COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS coding errors pseudonoise codes intersymbolic interference Spread spectrum communication Code generation

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NECESSARY AND SUFFICIENT CONDITIONS FOR UNIDIRECTIONAL BYTE ERROR LOCATING CODES

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IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATIONS AND COMPUTER SCIENCES 1994年第8期E77A卷 1246-1252页

作者： JIANG, SX FUJIWARA, E Tokyo Inst of Technology Tokyo Japan

The byte error locating codes specify the byte location in which errors are occurred without indicating the precise location of erroneous bit positions. This type of codes is considered to be useful for fault isolation and reconfiguration in the fault-tolerant computer systems. In this paper, difference between the code function of error-location and that of error-correction/error-detection is clarified. With using the concepts of unidirectional byte distance, unordered byte number and ordered byte number, the necessary and sufficient conditions of the unidirectional byte error locating codes are demonstrated.

关键词： coding errors

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Digital parity and the composition of the nucleotide alphabet

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IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY MAGAZINE 2006年第1期25卷 54-61页

作者： Mac Dónaill, DA Univ Dublin Trinity Coll Sch Chem Dublin 2 Ireland

In retrospect, a potential role for error coding in shaping the nucleotide alphabet seems obvious, and yet, with two notable exceptions, it appears to have been largely ignored; Szathmary recognized in his paper the relationship between donor-acceptor (D/A) patterns and replication errors (1992), while Yockey implicitly implied a role for error coding in nucleotide transmission, assigning 5-b representations to nucleotides (1992). Unfortunately, these assignments had no physicochemical basis, being based on mapping the natural alphabet to a code employed in an error-coding text. The model outlined in this paper melds these approaches, embracing a role for error coding, but one based on hydrogen/lone-pair patterns. The attraction of the error-coding description is that it offers a strikingly simple explanation of nature\'s choice of alphabet from among the set of potential nucleotides; optimal alphabets correspond to those in which the purine/pyrimidine feature relates to the D/A pattern as a parity bit. When this error-coding approach is coupled with chemical constraints, the natural alphabet of A, C, G, and T emerges as the optimal solution for nucleotides.

关键词： DNA biochemistry coding errors molecular biophysics physical chemistry 5-b nucleotide representations digital parity donor-acceptor patterns error coding hydrogen/lone-pair patterns nucleotide alphabet nucleotide transmission physicochemistry purine pyri

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The 'top 10' urological procedures: a study of hospital episodes statistics 1998-99

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BJU INTERNATIONAL 2002年第1期90卷 1-6页

作者： Lee, F Patel, HRH Emberton, N UCL Sch Med Inst Urol & Nephrol London W1W 7EY England

Objective To summarize the Urological procedures recorded in Hospital Episodes Statistics (HES. 1998-99) and to examine the accuracy of coding and HES. Materials and methods Data on the 10 commonest urological procedures from the Department or Health website (***,.uk/hes) were extracted, summarized and presented. Results Urethral catheterization, endoscopic procedures on the bladder, prostate, urethra and ureter (excluding ureteric stone extraction), minor open procedures on the foreskin and the vas, bladder instillation, extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy and prostatic biopsy are the 10 commonest procedures, according to finished consultant episodes. There is published evidence that the data from coding and HES are not completely accurate. Conclusion This study highlights shortfalls in the HES data (1998-99) which may directly affect the funding of urological services.

关键词： Hospital Episodes Statistics coding errors urology

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Error performance of Tunstall coding

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ELECTRONICS LETTERS 1999年第23期35卷 2021-2022页

作者： Briffa, JA Buttigieg, V Univ Malta Dept Commun & Comp Engn Msida 06 MSD Malta

The error performance of the Tunstall code is analysed, and a relevant metric defined. Several parameters in the encoding process are considered, with the objective of minimising the effect of errors without sacrificing compression. The results obtained show that the error performance may be significantly improved without loss of compression.

关键词： Tunstall code data compression source coding source coding algorithm Codes variable length codes error statistics coding errors

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Influence of interleaver on minimum turbo code distance

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ELECTRONICS LETTERS 1999年第17期35卷 1456-1458页

作者： Wu, KY Li, H Wang, YM Xidian Univ ISN Natl Key Lab 105 Xian 710071 Shaanxi Peoples R China

The influence of interleavers on the performance of turbo odes is investigated.

关键词： ML decoding weight distribution turbo codes partial decoding steps error coefficient reduction Codes permutation function error statistics turbo code performance interleaver Information theory probability coding errors minimum turbo code distance

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Error-resilient image and video coding for wireless communication systems

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ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING JOURNAL 1998年第4期10卷 181-190页

作者： Redmill, DW Bull, DR Chung-How, JT Kingsbury, NG Univ Bristol Dept Elect & Elect Engn Ctr Commun Res Bristol BS8 1UB Avon England Univ Cambridge Dept Engn Cambridge CB2 1PZ England

Current techniques for coding images and video sources with resilience to channel errors can remove much of the need for complex high-redundancy channel coding and provide a graceful degradation of performance with decreasing channel quality. The main function of these error-resilient techniques is to reduce the propagation of errors within the decoded data. Two main techniques are discussed in detail in this paper: the error-resilient entropy code (EREC) and pyramid vector quantisation (PVQ). The paper concludes with a brief comparison of the relative merits of these systems and areas for further consideration.

关键词： error-resilient video coding ARQ protocol channel coding Pattern recognition PVQ error propagation performance error-resilient image coding Codes channel errors channel quality EREC entropy codes video sources error-resilient entropy code image coding Optical information, image and video signal processing pyramid vector quantisation decoded data Computer vision and image processing techniques radiocommunication wireless communication systems vector quantisation coding errors video coding

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VARIABLE ERROR CONTROLLING SCHEMES FOR INTELLIGENT ERROR CONTROLLING SYSTEMS

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IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATIONS AND COMPUTER SCIENCES 1994年第8期E77A卷 1281-1288页

作者： SASAKI, T KOHNO, R IMAI, H Kanagawa Univ Yokohama-shi Japan

Recently, a lot of research works have been carried out regarding intelligent communication. If the final information sink is assumed as a human being, a communication channel can be used more effectively when encoders/decoders work ''intelligently'' or take into account of the semantics of information to be sent. We have been studying error-controlling systems based on different importance of segmental information. The system divides the information input into segments to which individual importance can be assigned. The segments are individually encoded by appropriate error-correcting codes (ECCs) which correspond to their importance among codes with different error-correcting capabilities. For the information that difference of the importance is systematically aligned, conventional UEP (unequal error protection) codes can be applied, but we treat the case that alignment of the importance of the information source is not systematically aligned. Since the system uses multiple ECCs with different (n,k,d) parameters, information regarding what length of the next codeword is required for decoding. We propose error controlling schemes using multiple ECCs;the first scheme and the second scheme use the obvious codelength identifying information. In the second scheme, information bits are sorted so that segments with the same importance can be encoded by an ECC with the same error-correcting capability. The third scheme is a main proposal in this paper and uses Variable Capability coding scheme (VCC) which uses some ECCs having different error-correcting capabilities and codelengths. A sequence encoded by the VCC is separable into appropriate segments without obvious codelength identifying information when the channel error probability is low. Subsequently, we evaluate these schemes by coderate when (1) error correcting capability (2) codelength identifying capability are the same. One of the feature of VCC is the capability of resuming from propagative errors because erro

关键词： coding errors

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The impact of G.826 on the performance of transport systems

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IEEE-ACM TRANSACTIONS ON NETWORKING 1996年第4期4卷 604-614页

作者： Smith, PJ Shafi, M TELECOM NEW ZEALAND LTD FUNDAMENTAL PLANNINGWELLINGTONNEW ZEALAND

Study Group XIII of the ITU-TS has recently approved a new performance recommendation G.826 which the ITU-R has recommended as a standard for satellite systems in recommendation S.1062. G.826 establishes guidelines on the performance levels of digital systems operating at or above primary rate, These performance levels are stated in terms of block error rates, In this paper, we discuss the impact of the block-based error performance objectives on the performance of transport systems, However, the impact of G.826 is difficult to evaluate directly since the performance recommendations are not given in terms of bit-error rate (BER) values, Hence, we present a procedure to convert block error rates to BER. This conversion is based on the statistical modeling of the error process and includes an analysis of bursty errors as well as random errors, Rather than using the equivalent BER values as simple thresholds, we produce BER against time distributions which satisfy G.826 and can be used as masks for a comparison with measured data and also for route design, It is shown that these masks are a crucial tool in any Study of G.826 and contain useful information for system design and planning, Indeed it is shown that false conclusions can be drawn if the masks are not used, Finally, the impact of G.826 is discussed with particular reference to apportionment strategies, system margins, signal processing, and error correction schemes.

关键词： Telecommunication Network Routing Digital Communication Planning Error Statistics Statistical Analysis Signal Processing Error Correction Codes coding errors Transport Systems Performance Study Group XIII Recommendation S 1062 Performance Recommendation G 826 ITU Digital Systems Primary Rate Block Error Rates Block Based Error Performance Objectives Bit Error Rate BER Statistical Modeling Bursty errors Random errors Time Distributions Measured Data Route Design System Design System Planning Signal Processing Error Correction Schemes System Margins Bit Error Rate Error Analysis Digital Systems Satellite Broadcasting Telecommunications Guidelines Time Measurement Signal Processing Error Correction Relays

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