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Collaborative dialogue patterns of pair programming and their impact on programming self-efficacy and coding performance

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BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY 2024年第3期55卷 1060-1081页

作者： Tan, Jinbo Wu, Lei Ma, Shanshan Shandong Normal Univ Fac Educ Jinan Peoples R China Calif Lutheran Univ Digital Learning Thousand Oaks CA USA Calif Lutheran Univ 60 W Olsen Rd Thousand Oaks CA 91360 USA

The purpose of this study was to investigate the collaborative dialogue patterns of pair programming and their impact on programming self-efficacy and coding performance for both slow- and fast-paced students. Forty-six postgraduate students participated in the study. The students were asked to solve programming problems in pairs;those pairs' conversations were recorded when they worked on their tasks. Data analysis methods, including lag sequential analysis, cluster analysis and paired t-test, were employed, and the results showed that (1) four collaborative dialogue patterns emerged: Lecture, Guide, Question and Answer (Q&A), and Inquiry patterns;(2) Guide and Inquiry patterns significantly increased programming self-efficacy for both fast- and slow-paced students while Lecture and Q&A patterns significantly increased programming self-efficacy for slow-paced students but not for fast-paced students;(3) Guide and Inquiry patterns played a significant role in improving coding performance for slow-paced students. The study reveals a complex relationship between collaborative dialogue patterns with programming self-efficacy and coding performance, critically affecting students' pair programming quality. Further details of the findings are also *** notesWhat is already known about this topicPair programming is promising in promoting problem solving and knowledge transfer and is widely used in programming *** are different patterns observed in the pair programming *** dialogue patterns found in "expert-novice" pair programming were derived from a single programming *** this paper addsFour collaborative dialogue patterns of pair programming emerged by increasing the different tasks and experiment duration and expanding the sample size, which further verified the stability of the similar patterns in previous *** collaborative dialogue patterns showed different significant impacts on different students' progra

关键词： coding performance collaborative dialogue pattern pair programming programming self-efficacy

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Quantifying coding performance for pre-processed images 2

Quantifying coding performance for pre-processed images

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Very High Resolution and Quality Imaging II Conference

作者： Algazi, VR Avadhanam, N Estes, RR Univ. of California/Davis (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819424366

Typical objective methods for quantifying image quality, as part of evaluating coder performance, are obtained by computing a single or several numbers as a function of the difference image between the original and coded images. Pre-processing images prior to encoding can remove noise, or unimportant detail, and thus improve the overall performance of the coder. However, the error image obtained with the pre-processed image as a reference is substantially different than the one obtained if the original image is used. In particular, adaptive noise removal, that generally improves the image quality, could be interpreted as introducing noise with respect to the original. This paper addresses the issue of combining the changes in the image due to pre-processing and the degradation due to encoding. The objective is to obtain global quality measures that quantify the value of pre-processing for image coding.

关键词： image quality perceived distortions objective quality vision models coding performance preprocessing

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The Effect of Determining Pair Programming Groups According to Various Individual Difference Variables on Group Compatibility, Flow, and coding performance

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JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL COMPUTING RESEARCH 2021年第1期59卷 41-70页

作者： Demir, Omer Seferoglu, Suleyman Sadi Hakkari Univ Fac Educ Dept Comp Educ & Instruct Technol Hakkari Turkey Hacettepe Univ Fac Educ Dept Comp Educ & Instruct Technol Ankara Turkey

This study's goal was to investigate the effect of homogeneous and heterogeneous pairs in terms of individual differences on group compatibility, flow, and coding performance in pair programming. In line with this goal, five individual difference variables of gender, learning style, friendship, the conscientiousness component of personality traits, and prior knowledge of coding were determined in order to use them in the determination of pairs in pair programming. In the quantitative section of this mixed study, a non-equivalent control group posttest only experimental design was utilized. Sixty-four volunteer university students were included in the study. As a result of the study, it was determined that the homogeneous group experienced a higher level of flow in the case of learning style. On the other hand, in the case of friendship, the homogeneous group experienced a higher level of flow, while the heterogeneous group demonstrated a higher level of coding performance. Concerning the conscientiousness component of personality traits, the heterogeneous group showed a higher level of coding performance. In line with these findings, suggestions for both researchers and practitioners of coding education were made in the full text.

关键词： coding education cooperative collaborative learning pair programming group compatibility flow experience coding performance

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Fast 3D-HEVC inter coding using data mining and machine learning

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IET IMAGE PROCESSING 2022年第11期16卷 3067-3084页

作者： Zhang, Ruyi Jia, Kebin Yu, Yuan Liu, Pengyu Sun, Zhonghua Beijing Univ Technol Fac Informat Technol 100 Pingleyuan Beijing 100124 Peoples R China

The Three-Dimensional High Efficiency Video coding standard is a video compression standard developed based on the two-dimensional video coding standard HEVC and used to encode multi-view plus depth format video. This paper proposes an algorithm based on eXtreme Gradient Boosting to solve the problem of high inter-frame coding complexity in 3D-HEVC. Firstly, explore the correlation between the division depth of the inter-frame coding unit and the texture features in the map, as well as the correlation between the coding unit division structure between each map and each viewpoint. After that, based on the machine learning method, a fast selection mechanism for dividing the depth range of the inter-frame coding tree unit based on the eXtreme Gradient Boosting algorithm is constructed. Experimental results show that, compared with the reference software HTM-16.0, this method can save an average of 35.06% of the coding time, with negligible degradation in terms of coding performance. In addition, the proposed algorithm has achieved different degrees of improvement in coding performance compared with the related works.

关键词： coding performance reference software HTM-16.0 standard HEVC video compression standard tree codes video coding data mining two-dimensional video inter-frame coding unit data compression learning (artificial intelligence) fast 3D-HEVC inter coding fast selection mechanism inter-frame coding tree unit texture features three-dimensional high efficiency video coding standard machine learning method extreme gradient boosting algorithm coding unit division structure high inter-frame coding complexity

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coding GAIN AND SPATIAL LOCALIZATION PROPERTIES OF DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORM FILTERS FOR IMAGE-coding

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IEE PROCEEDINGS-VISION IMAGE AND SIGNAL PROCESSING 1995年第3期142卷 133-140页

作者： ANDREW, JP OGUNBONA, PO PAOLONI, FJ Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng. Wollongong Univ. Australia

The authors consider coding gain and spatial localisation properties of DWT filters for still image compression. Using a JPEG type quantisation and encoding method several images are compressed using a DWT implemented using various two-band subband filter sets. It is concluded that a relatively high coding gain (relative to a highly correlated source) is necessary, but not sufficient, for good image coding performance. Further, it is observed that low spatial width filters are desirable, particularly in regard to reduced ringing distortion. In terms of the tradeoff between coding gain and spatial localisation, and in terms of actual coding performance, it is shown that biorthogonal filters can outperform orthogonal filters.

关键词： coding performance DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORM FILTERS IMAGE coding IMAGE COMPRESSION SUBBAND FILTERS

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AUTOMATICALLY ASSESSING MPEG coding FIDELITY

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IEEE DESIGN & TEST OF COMPUTERS 1995年第4期12卷 28-33页

作者： LAMBRECHT, CJVD BHASKARAN, V KOVALICK, A KUNT, M Signal Process. Lab. Swiss Federal Inst. of Technol. Lausanne Switzerland Hewlett-Packard Swiss Federal lnstitute of Technology Lausanne Switzerland

As the market and number of products for multimedia applications grow, the need for testing methods and fidelity metrics becomes critical. Testing devices are important for the development and evaluation of multimedia products. This article describes a testing method and prototype that can be used for assessing MPEG coding fidelity.

关键词： MPEG Testing coding performance Synthetic Sequences Quality Assessment coding Fidelity

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Adaptive weighted non-parametric background model for efficient video coding

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NEUROCOMPUTING 2017年 226卷 35-45页

作者： Chakraborty, Subrata Paul, Manoranjan Murshed, Manzur Ali, Mortuza Univ Southern Queensland Sch Management & Enterprise Sinnathamby BlvdPOB 4196 Springfield Cent Qld 4300 Australia Charles Sturt Univ Sch Comp & Math Panorama Ave Bathurst NSW 2795 Australia Federat Univ Sch Informat Technol Northways RdPOB 3191 Gippsland Mail Ctr Vic 3841 Australia

Dynamic background frame based video coding using mixture of Gaussian (MoG) based background modelling has achieved better rate distortion performance compared to the H.264 standard. However, they suffer from high computation time, low coding efficiency for dynamic videos, and prior knowledge requirement of video content. In this paper, we introduce the application of the non-parametric (NP) background modelling approach for video coding domain. We present a novel background modelling technique, called weighted non parametric (WNP) which balances the historical trend and the recent value of the pixel intensities adaptively based on the content and characteristics of any particular video. WNP is successfully embedded into the latest HEVC video coding standard for better rate-distortion performance. Moreover, a novel scene adaptive non parametric (SANP) technique is also developed to handle video sequences with high dynamic background. Being non-parametric, the proposed techniques naturally exhibit superior performance in dynamic background modelling without a priori knowledge of video data distribution.

关键词： Background model coding efficiency coding performance HEVC Non-parametric model Video coding

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Spatial coefficient partitioning for lossless wavelet image coding

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IEE PROCEEDINGS-VISION IMAGE AND SIGNAL PROCESSING 2002年第6期149卷 365-369页

作者： Cheung, KW Po, LM City Univ Hong Kong Dept Elect Engn Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China

In pyramidal wavelet representation, an image is decomposed into multiresolution and multifrequency subbands with sets of tree-structured coefficients, Le. a spatial orientation tree which consists of coefficients at different resolutions and different orientations but associated with the same spatial location. The magnitudes of the coefficients in these trees measure the signal activity level of the corresponding spatial areas. A novel coefficient partitioning algorithm is introduced for splitting the coefficients into two sets using a spatial orientation tree data structure. By splitting the coefficients, the overall theoretical entropy is reduced due to the different probability distributions for the two coefficient sets. In the spatial domain, it is equivalent to identifying smooth regions of the image. A lossless coder based on this spatial coefficient partitioning has a better coding performance than other wavelet-based lossless image coders such as S + P and JPEG-2000.

关键词： .wavelet coefficient JPEG-LS high-frequency coding performance wavelet image coding algorithms lossless image image coders SCP

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Early termination algorithm for the depth modeling mode in three-dimensional extension of high-efficiency video coding

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2016年第5期25卷 1-4页

作者： Lei, Haiwei Wang, Anhong Liu, Wenyi Liang, Jie North Univ China Key Lab Instrumentat Sci & Dynam Measurement Minist Educ Xueyuan Rd Taiyuan 030051 Peoples R China Taiyuan Univ Sci & Technol Inst Digital Media & Commun Waliu Rd Taiyuan 030024 Peoples R China Simon Fraser Univ Sch Engn Sci 8888 Univ Dr Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada

The depth modeling mode (DMM) is a new coding tool in the three-dimensional extension of high-efficiency video coding (3D-HEVC) standard to improve the coding of depth maps. In DMM, the current depth block is partitioned into two nonrectangular partitions and each partition is predicted by a constant partition value (CPV). A searching algorithm for the optimal CPVs has been provided in the 3D-HEVC reference software, which, however, has high complexity and is time-consuming. This letter shows that the distortion function in DMM is convex and proposes a fast early termination algorithm for searching the optimal CPVs without losing its optimality. Theoretical analysis of the method is provided, and experimental results show that our method can save 20% of search time with the same coding performance. (C) 2016 SPIE and IS&T

关键词： coding performance depth modeling depth map high efficiency video coding

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Low resolution region discriminator for wavelet coding

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ELECTRONICS LETTERS 2001年第12期37卷 748-749页

作者： Syed, YF Rao, KR Cable Televis Labs Louisville CO 80027 USA Univ Texas Dept Elect Engn Arlington TX 76019 USA

A wavelet block chain (WBC) method is used in the initial coding of the low-low subband created by a wavelet transform to separate and label homogenous regions of the image which require no additional overhead in the bitstream. This information is then used to enhance the coding performance in a modified wavelet based coder. This method uses a two stage ZTE/SPIHT entropy coder (called a homogenous connected-region interested ordered transmission coder) to create a bitstream with properties of progressive transmission, scalability, and perceptual optimisation after a minimum bit rate is reached. Simulation results show good scalable low bit rate (0.04-0.4bpp) compression, comparable to a SPIHT coder, but with better perceptual quality due to use of the region based information acquired by the WBC method.

关键词： perceptual quality low-low subband minimum bit rate Integral transforms in numerical analysis wavelet coding perceptual optimisation wavelet block chain bitstream Codes homogenous regions entropy codes region based information image coding two stage ZTE/SPIHT entropy coder Computer vision and image processing techniques wavelet transforms homogenous connected-region interested ordered transmission coder Image and video coding progressive transmission low resolution region discriminator image resolution coding performance scalability

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