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"No Abnormality Detected": A Mixed-Methods Examination of Emergency Department coding practices for People in Suicidal Crisis

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ARCHIVES OF SUICIDE RESEARCH 2025年第1期29卷 163-176页

作者： Mccarthy, Molly Saini, Pooja Nathan, Prof Rajan Ashworth, Emma Mcintyre, Jason Liverpool John Moores Univ Fac Hlth Sch Psychol Liverpool England Cheshire & Wirral Partnership NHS Fdn Trust Chester England

BackgroundAccurate identification of suicidal crisis presentations to emergency departments (EDs) can lead to timely mental health support, improve patient experience, and support evaluations of suicide prevention initiatives. Poor coding practices within EDs are preventing appropriate patient care. Aims of the study are (1) examine the current suicide-related coding practices, (2) identify the factors that contribute to staff decision-making and patients receiving the incorrect code or no *** mixed-methods study was conducted. Quantitative data were collated from six EDs across Merseyside and Cheshire, United Kingdom from 2019 to 2021. Attendances were analyzed if they had a presenting complaint, chief complaint, or primary diagnosis code related to suicidal crisis, suicidal ideation, self-harm or suicide attempt. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with staff holding various ED positions (n = 23).ResultsA total of 15,411 suicidal crisis and self-harm presentations were analyzed. Of these, 21.8% were coded as 'depressive disorder' and 3.8% as 'anxiety disorder'. Absence of an appropriate suicidal crisis code resulted in staff coding presentations as 'no abnormality detected' (23.6%) or leaving the code blank (18.4%). The use of other physical injury codes such as 'wound forearm', 'head injury' were common. Qualitative analyses elucidated potential causes of inappropriate coding, such as resource constraints and problems with the recording *** attending EDs in suicidal crisis were not given a code that represented the chief presentation. Improved ED coding practices related to suicidal crisis could result in considerable benefits for patients and more effective targeting of resources and interventions.

关键词： coding practices emergency departments suicidal crisis

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MLinter: Learning coding practices from Examples Dream or Reality? 30

MLinter: Learning Coding Practices from Examples Dream or Re...

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30th IEEE International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER)

作者： Latappy, Corentin Perez, Quentin Degueule, Thomas Falleri, Jean-Remy Urtado, Christelle Vauttier, Sylvain Blanc, Xavier Teyton, Cedric Univ Bordeaux Bordeaux INP CNRS UMR5800LaBRI F-33400 Talence France Univ Montpellier EuroMov Digital Hlth Motion Ales France IMT Mines Ales Ales France IUF Paris France Promyze Bordeaux France

ISBN: (纸本)9781665452786

coding practices are increasingly used by software companies. Their use promotes consistency, readability, and maintainability, which contribute to software quality. coding practices were initially enforced by general-purpose linters, but companies now tend to design and adopt their own companspecific practices. However, these company-specific practices are often not automated, making it challenging to ensure they are shared and used by developers. Converting these practices into linter rules is a complex task that requires extensive static analysis and language engineering expertise. In this paper, we seek to answer the following question: can coding practices be learned automatically from examples manually tagged by developers? We conduct a feasibility study using CodeBERT, a state-of-the-art machine learning approach, to learn linter rules. Our results show that, although the resulting classifiers reach high precision and recall scores when evaluated on balanced synthetic datasets, their application on real-world, unbalanced codebases, while maintaining excellent recall, suffers from a severe drop in precision that hinders their usability.

关键词： software quality coding practices machine learning CodeBERT

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A Cross-Sectional Study Investigating Primary School Children's coding practices and Computational Thinking Using ScratchJr

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JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL COMPUTING RESEARCH 2022年第1期60卷 220-257页

作者： Kyza, Eleni A. Georgiou, Yiannis Agesilaou, Andria Souropetsis, Markos Cyprus Univ Technol Dept Commun & Internet Studies Media Cognit & Learning Res Grp Limassol Cyprus

There are increasing calls to introduce computational thinking in schools;the arguments in favor call upon research suggesting that even kindergarten children can successfully engage in coding. This contribution presents a cross-sectional study examining the coding practices and computational thinking of fifty-one primary school children using the ScratchJr software;children were organized in two cohorts (Cohort 1: 6-9 years old;Cohort 2: 10-12 years old). Each cohort participated in a six-hour intervention, as part of a four-day summer club. During the intervention children were introduced to ScratchJr and were asked to collaboratively design a digital story about environmental waste management actions, thus adopting a disciplinary perspective to computational thinking. Data analyses examined children's final artifacts, in terms of coding practices and the level of computational thinking demonstrated by each cohort. Furthermore, analysis of selected groups' storyboard interviews was used to shed light on differences between the two cohorts. Results are presented and contrasted across the two age cohorts via a developmental perspective. The findings of this study can be useful in considering the instructional support that is necessary to scaffold the development of primary school children's coding practices and computational thinking.

关键词： coding practices computational thinking ScratchJr primary school children cross-sectional design

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Trustworthiness Assessment of Web Applications: Approach and Experimental Study using Input Validation coding practices 30

Trustworthiness Assessment of Web Applications: Approach and...

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30th IEEE International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering (ISSRE)

作者： Lemes, Cristiano Inacio Naessens, Vincent Vieira, Marco Univ Coimbra Dept Informat Engn Coimbra Portugal Katholieke Univ Leuven Fac Engn Technol Technol Campus Ghent Ghent Belgium

ISBN: (纸本)9781728149820

The popularity of web applications and their world-wide use to support business critical operations raised the interest of hackers on exploiting security vulnerabilities to perform malicious operations. Fostering trust calls for assessment techniques that provide indicators about the quality of a web application from a security perspective. This paper studies the problem of using coding practices to characterize the trustworthiness of web applications from a security perspective. The hypothesis is that applying feasible security practices results in applications having a reduced number of unknown vulnerabilities, and can therefore be considered more trustworthy. The proposed approach is instantiated for the concrete case of input validation practices, and includes a Quality Model to compute trustworthiness scores that can be used to compare different applications or different code elements in the same application. Experimental results show that the higher scores are obtained for more secure code, suggesting that it can be used in practice to characterize trustworthiness, also providing guidance to compare and/or improve the security of web applications.

关键词： Software Security Vulnerabilities Trustworthiness Web Applications Assessment coding practices

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Software Development Lifecycle for Energy Efficiency: Techniques and Tools

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ACM COMPUTING SURVEYS 2019年第4期52卷 81-81页

作者： Georgiou, Stefanos Rizou, Stamatia Spinellis, Diomidis Athens Univ Econ & Business Dept Management Sci & Technol Patision 76 Athina 10434 Greece Singular Log SA European R&D Dept Achaias 3 & Trizinias N Kifissia 14564 Greece

Motivation: In modern IT systems, the increasing demand for computational power is tightly coupled with ever higher energy consumption. Traditionally, energy efficiency research has focused on reducing energy consumption at the hardware level. Nevertheless, the software itself provides numerous opportunities for improving energy efficiency. Goal: Given that energy efficiency for IT systems is a rising concern, we investigate existing work in the area of energy-aware software development and identify open research challenges. Our goal is to reveal limitations, features, and tradeoffs regarding energy-performance for software development and provide insights on existing approaches, tools, and techniques for energy-efficient programming. Method: We analyze and categorize research work mostly extracted from top-tier conferences and journals concerning energy efficiency across the software development lifecycle phases. Results: Our analysis shows that related work in this area has focused mainly on the implementation and verification phases of the software development lifecycle. Existing work shows that the use of parallel and approximate programming, source code analyzers, efficient data structures, coding practices, and specific programming languages can significantly increase energy efficiency. Moreover, the utilization of energy monitoring tools and benchmarks can provide insights for the software practitioners and raise energy-awareness during the development phase.

关键词： GreenIT energy efficiency energy optimization energy profiling design patterns parallel programming code refactoring source code analysis coding practices approximate programming software development lifecycle

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The Evolution of C Programming practices: A Study of the Unix Operating System 1973-2015 16

The Evolution of C Programming Practices: A Study of the Uni...

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38th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE)

作者： Spinellis, Diomidis Louridas, Panos Kechagia, Maria Athens Univ Econ & Business Dept Management Sci & Technol Patis 76 GR-10434 Athens Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9781450339001

Tracking long-term progress in engineering and applied science allows us to take stock of things we have achieved, appreciate the factors that led to them, and set realistic goals for where we want to go. We formulate seven hypotheses associated with the long term evolution of C programming in the Unix operating system, and examine them by extracting, aggregating, and synthesising metrics from 66 snapshots obtained from a synthetic software configuration management repository covering a period of four decades. We found that over the years developers of the Unix operating system appear to have evolved their coding style in tandem with advancements in hardware technology, promoted modularity to tame rising complexity, adopted valuable new language features, allowed compilers to allocate registers on their behalf, and reached broad agreement regarding code formatting. The progress we have observed appears to be slowing or even reversing prompting the need for new sources of innovation to be discovered and followed.

关键词： C coding style coding practices Unix BSD FreeBSD

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Industry practices and Event Logging: Assessment of a Critical Software Development Process 37

Industry Practices and Event Logging: Assessment of a Critic...

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IEEE/ACM 2nd International Workshop on Software Architecture and Metrics (SAM)

作者： Pecchia, Antonio Cinque, Marcello Carrozza, Gabriella Cotroneo, Domenico Univ Naples Federico II Dipartimento Ingn Elettr & Tecnol Informaz Via Claudio 21 I-80125 Naples Italy Critiware Srl I-80121 Naples Italy Selex ES SpA I-00195 Rome Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781479919345

Practitioners widely recognize the importance of event logging for a variety of tasks, such as accounting, system measurements and troubleshooting. Nevertheless, in spite of the importance of the tasks based on the logs collected under real workload conditions, event logging lacks systematic design and implementation practices. The implementation of the logging mechanism strongly relies on the human expertise. This paper proposes a measurement study of event logging practices in a critical industrial domain. We assess a software development process at Selex ES, a leading Finmeccanica company in electronic and information solutions for critical systems. Our study combines source code analysis, inspection of around 2.3 millions log entries, and direct feedback from the development team to gain process-wide insights ranging from programming practices, logging objectives and issues impacting log analysis. The findings of our study were extremely valuable to prioritize event logging reengineering tasks at Selex ES.

关键词： Source code analysis event logging development process coding practices industry domain

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Modelling nonlinear information behaviour: transferability and progression

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JOURNAL OF DOCUMENTATION 2012年第6期68卷 784-805页

作者： Foster, Allen Urquhart, Christine Aberystwyth Univ Aberystwyth Dyfed Wales

Purpose - This paper aims to report on a project aimed at moving Foster's nonlinear model of information seeking behaviour forwards from an empirically based model focused on one setting and towards one that is robustly transferable and enables testing of the model in other information-seeking situations. Design/methodology/approach - The method utilised recoding of the original dataset, comparison of code decisions, and testing of the code book on a second dataset. Findings - The results of the coding confirm the structure and interactions in version one of the model. The dynamic and nonlinear nature of information seeking is confirmed, as are the coy processes and contextual dimensions of the original model with some extension and refinement of coding. Practical implications - Changes to the model include new scales of extent and intensity, refinement of code descriptions, and extension of some elements to include multidisciplinary theories. Collectively these changes enable testing of the model in other information situations and opportunities for further research. Originality/value - The results incorporate a number of enhancements that have been developed since the original Foster model was created;cognitive dimensions relating to personality and learning are enhanced and the codes essential to the revised Foster model are described along with a code book. The paper concludes by highlighting areas for further research.

关键词： Behavioural model Information-seeking Naturalistic inquiry Development coding practices Qualitative code book Behaviour Modelling

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Penetration test: A case study on remote command execution security hole

Penetration test: A case study on remote command execution s...

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International Conference on Digital Information Management

作者： Mohammad, S. Pourdavar, Soulmaz Department of Industry IT Group K.n.Toosi University of Technology Tehran Iran

ISBN: (纸本)9781424475728

This paper offers a fresh perspective on the aspect of application security, highlighting a sample attack that is not currently being protected against. Here is a case study which discussed identifying poor coding practices that render Web applications vulnerable to attacks such as remote command execution. Given the increased focus on the need for application security, it is now to be hoped that the issue will receive greater attention in new software releases. In this research a case study is discussed on the basilic software which has a great usability in the publication and educational web sites in Europe. Although this is a useful software, the research identified some security holes on the application and offers a proof on vulnerability of the software and a solution for this problem is explained. ©2010 IEEE.

关键词： Europe Penetration Test Remote Command Execution Security hole Vulnerability Web applications Web sites basilic software coding practices educational web sites encoding invasive software penetration test publication web sites remote command execution security hole software releases software vulnerability

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