Social interaction and conversation is an essential aspect of human behavior, yet existing methods for coding conversations are outdated, and often can only be used in contrived research settings. The Taxonomy of Dyad...
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Social interaction and conversation is an essential aspect of human behavior, yet existing methods for coding conversations are outdated, and often can only be used in contrived research settings. The Taxonomy of Dyadic Conversation (TDC) is a coding system designed to code dyadic interactions in natural settings by labeling the utterances and turns taken within an interaction using speech categories. The TDC was used to code child-caregiver and adult-adult conversations in a children's museum and during a public forum, respectively. Results supported hypotheses that predicted adult-adult interactions would contain more Declarative Statement and Acknowledgment utterances than child-caregiver interactions, while child-caregiver interactions contained fewer Conversational Turns, as well as more Command and Encouragement utterances. Results also indicated high levels of inter-rater reliability. The potential for additions and modifications to be applied to the standard TDC is discussed.
Background: The notion of person-centered care has been important in investigating relationships between people with dementia and paid carers, and measures are available to assess this. It has been suggested that pers...
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Background: The notion of person-centered care has been important in investigating relationships between people with dementia and paid carers, and measures are available to assess this. It has been suggested that person-centered care may be a useful construct to apply to understand family-care relationships. However, no measures of person-centered care in this context exist. The study aimed to develop an observational measure of person-centered care for this purpose. Method: First, a coding system incorporating a range of behaviors that could be considered person-centered or non-person-centered was constructed. Examples included a code relating to whether the person with dementia was involved in planning a task, and a code relating to how the spouse responded to confusion/distress. Second, 11 couples, where one partner had a dementia, were recruited and videotaped cooperating on an everyday task. The system was applied to the care-giving spouse's behaviors, labeling examples of behavior as person-centered or non-person-centered. The final step involved assessing the inter-rater reliability of the system. Results: The system captured nine categories of behavior, which were each divided into person-centered and non-person-centered types. The system had good reliability (Cohen's. coefficients were: 0.65 for category and whether behaviors needed to be placed in a category;0.81 for category excluding the decision about whether behaviors needed to be placed in a category;and 0.79 in relation to whether behaviors were person-centered or non-person-centered.) Conclusions: Although the small sample size limits the implications of the results, the system is a promising quantitative measure of spousal person-centered care.
The paper discusses development issues of surgical procedures coding systems for use at the national and international levels within the health information systems. The work was carried out using the Russian and forei...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781614994237;9781614994220
The paper discusses development issues of surgical procedures coding systems for use at the national and international levels within the health information systems. The work was carried out using the Russian and foreign experiences, including international standard ISO/FDIS 1828:2012. The development system structure contains basic categories of medical entities (axes): surgical deed and surgical subdeed, objects, site and interventional equipment. Abdominal surgeries (528 procedures) were entered in the coding system database and structured according defined categories.
Background: Classification of disease and interventions in traditional medicine (TM) is necessary for standardised coding of information. Currently, in Iran, there is no standard electronic classification system for d...
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Background: Classification of disease and interventions in traditional medicine (TM) is necessary for standardised coding of information. Currently, in Iran, there is no standard electronic classification system for disease and interventions in TM. Objective: The current study aimed to develop a national framework for the classification of disease and intervention in Persian medicine based on expert opinion. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 2018. The existing systems for the classification of disease and interventions in TM were reviewed in detail, and some of the structural and content characteristics were extracted for the development of the classification of Iranian traditional medicine. Based on these features, a self-administered questionnaire was developed. Study participants (25) were experts in the field of Persian medicine and health information management in Tehran medical universities. Results: Main axes for the classification of disease and interventions were determined. The most important applications of the classification system were related to clinical coding, policymaking, reporting of mortality and morbidity data, cost analysis and determining the quality indicators. Half of the participants (50%) stated that the classification system should be designed by maintaining the main axis of the World Health Organization classification system and changing the subgroups if necessary. A computer-assisted coding system for TM was proposed for the current study. Conclusion: Development of this classification system will provide nationally comparable data that can be widely used by governments, national organisations and academic researchers.
Medical coding systems fulfil many tasks. In general, they enable the retrieval, annotation and analysis of information. There is no dedicated coding system for the histopathological assessment of medical kidney biops...
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Medical coding systems fulfil many tasks. In general, they enable the retrieval, annotation and analysis of information. There is no dedicated coding system for the histopathological assessment of medical kidney biopsies. The aim of the project "Kidney biopsy codes for pathologists" (KBC) is to establish a coding system for non-neoplastic kidney diseases that allows the coding of any diagnosis and/or any microscopic pattern of injury. In an expert workshop, the principles of the KBC system were defined. Based on expertise and experience and by analyzing domain-specific documents, a terminology with synonyms and parent-child relationships was defined. Subsequently, an internal project review process and a second expert workshop were conducted. The KBC currently consists of 576 active terms, of which 168 belong to a compact coding group and 408 to a detailed coding group. The KBC structure is multi-hierarchical with a disease concept axis, a pattern of injury axis and the possibility to specify additional attributes. The concepts are grouped by kidney compartments. A comprehensive coding system for non-neoplastic kidney diseases is now established. The KBC project aims to collaborate with SNOMED International to create a defined subgroup in SNOMED CT. If KBC can be integrated into an existing framework, such as SNOMED CT, this would ensure the maintenance and administration and facilitate a broad, international review process.
Transactive communication means that learners refer to, build upon, and develop the contributions of their learning partners. Thereby, learners jointly construct knowledge about the learning topic. In research, transa...
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Transactive communication means that learners refer to, build upon, and develop the contributions of their learning partners. Thereby, learners jointly construct knowledge about the learning topic. In research, transactive communication is measured predominantly by transcription and coding of audio or video material. This approach is relatively resource-intensive and may be limited in its validity due to a lack of information about learners' nonverbal behaviors and their engagement with the learning material. This study examines how to measure transactive communication as a key feature of knowledge co-construction. At two points of measurement, various forms of transactive communication were measured during ninth graders' partner work through self-report using a questionnaire (N = 516), low-inference coding of transcribed audio recordings (n = 246), and a high-inference observation procedure (n = 92). Additionally, knowledge acquisition and liking of the learning partner were assessed. Reliability and validity of the measurement methods were tested. For the high-inferential rating, observer agreement was moderate to excellent. For the coding of transactivity, interrater agreement was moderate to good. Factor analyses revealed a 1-factor solution of the forms of transactive communication for all three measurement methods. Transactivity measured by the coding of the transcripts correlated with the observation procedure, while both methods were unrelated to the self-report. Moreover, coding and self-report were not related to knowledge acquisition. In contrast, there was a moderate correlation between the high-inference rating of transactivity and knowledge acquisition. The results indicate that transactivity can be measured reliably and validly using the high-inference observation procedure.
BackgroundIt can be challenging for support staff to develop meaningful moments of interaction with people with profound intellectual disabilities. Gathering information on observable behaviour characterising such mea...
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BackgroundIt can be challenging for support staff to develop meaningful moments of interaction with people with profound intellectual disabilities. Gathering information on observable behaviour characterising such meaningful moments is expected to be *** staff-client dyadic interactions were videotaped for 30 min. During reviewing the recording, staff members indicated which moments of interaction they experienced as meaningful. Per dyad, one meaningful moment was microanalytically coded via a developed coding system, and behaviourally *** coding system reliably coded behaviour at the micro level. Exploratory results indicated that looking, movement and touching were most shown, and that staff displayed this behaviour more frequently than their clients. Both exhibited behaviours substantially more often during meaningful moments than at their *** with profound intellectual disabilities are more engaged during meaningful moments of interaction compared to at their onset. In daily practice, cultivating circumstances increasing their involvement is important.
The interactions between athletes, parents, and coaches outside of the immediate training and competition environments can shape sport participants' overall experiences. Accordingly, researchers have explored nove...
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The interactions between athletes, parents, and coaches outside of the immediate training and competition environments can shape sport participants' overall experiences. Accordingly, researchers have explored novel approaches that enable the investigation of experiences that occur beyond the sport activity itself. Technological innovations, combined with careful ethical considerations, have led to the development of research methods that can be used to assess participant conversations in their natural sport and social environments. This article introduces sport researchers to the Electronically Activated Recorder (EAR), an ambulatory ecological assessment method that provides access to daily social interactions among athletes, parents, and coaches within and beyond the immediate sport activity (e.g. commute to/from activity, locker rooms, hotels). The EAR software is embedded within a portable device (e.g. Android device) and is programmed to record brief segments of audio from participants' daily lives. In addition to discussing the utility of this approach for sport contexts, we introduce the Audio coding system for Social Environments in Sport (ACSSES), which was developed to assess the interactions captured from athletes' natural sport and social environments using the EAR. Evidence for the reliability and validity of the ACSSES, the associated coder training protocol, and proposed implications for research are discussed.
The paper presents a brief review of the rail defect coding systems, which were recommended by the International Union of Railways during the period from 1959 to today. The recommended classification and numbering of ...
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The paper presents a brief review of the rail defect coding systems, which were recommended by the International Union of Railways during the period from 1959 to today. The recommended classification and numbering of RCF rail defects, defined in the document IRS 70712 from 2018, were critically analysed. In addition, harmonisation of European standards and IRS 70712 was found necessary by the authors. The paper points out that appropriate attention was paid neither to the combination of several types of RCF rail defects nor to the occurrence of these defects in the sensitive track zones such as switches, crossings, expansion joints, and insulated rail joints. Authors propose that Infrastructure Managers should supplement the Handbook of rail defects with RCF defects that occur on the railway network under their control. Moreover, the authors present the experience regarding RCF defects on the Serbian railway network.
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