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NEW coding technique TO OBTAIN MULTILEVEL COMPUTER-GENERATED HOLOGRAMS IN ONE-STEP

OPTICAL ENGINEERING 1993年第9期32卷 2227-2232页

作者： LEMELIN, G LESSARD, RA Univ. Laval (Canada) Univ. Laval (Canada)

We used a binary coding scheme based on optical density inside a basic cell to produce a smooth multilevel phase pattern on a photoresist film. This technique, which is as simple as a contact copy, is very easy to control for our type of computer-generated holograms. Preliminary results show that a good blazed profile can be obtained with minimum equipment at low cost. Specialized transmission holograms produced with this technique showed a 40% diffraction efficiency and good quality for 632.8-nm radiation.

关键词： COMPUTER-GENERATED HOLOGRAMS coding technique HOLOGRAPHIC RECORDING MATERIAL PLANAR HOLOGRAMS

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Opinions of Future Prospective Teachers on coding technique

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN LEARNING

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN LEARNING 2020年第23期15卷 63-73页

作者： Sekyere-Asiedu, Daniel Kosarenko, Nikolay Yergazina, Aliya A. Petunina, Nina A. Yarullina, Alfiya Sh Sidorenko, Grigoriy G. Near East Univ Dept Comp Informat Syst Mersin 10 Nicosia North Cyprus Turkey Plekhanov Russian Univ Econ Dept State Legal & Criminal Law Disciplines 36 Stremyannyi Pereulok Moscow 115093 Russia Baishev Univ Dept Foreign Languages & Literature 302A Zhubanov Bros St Aktobe Kazakhstan IM Sechenov First Moscow Med Univ Sechenov Univ Edocrinol Dept 8 Trubetskaya St Moscow 119991 Russia Kazan Fed Univ Yelabuga Russia Financial Univ Govt Russian Federat Dept Risk Anal & Econ Secur 49 Leningradsky Prospect Moscow 125993 Russia Kazan Volga Reg Fed Univ Elabuga Inst Dept English Philol & Intercultural Commun 89 Kazanskaya St Yelabuga 423600 Russia

The use of technology in education has increased rapidly in recent years, and one of these is coding training. Rapid changes have been observed in coding education in recent years. Many countries have added coding-related lessons to their curricula. There are studies about coding education that realise the learning of individuals at a very young age. This rapid change raises many questions for researchers. In this rapidly developing age, the views of prospective teacher candidates on coding are very important. With this study, it is aimed to discover the thoughts of prospective teachers of the Computer and Instructional Technologies Education department on coding education. For this purpose, qualitative data were obtained from 25 pre-service Computer and Instructional Technologies Education teacher candidates with case study method in Northern Cypriot, Russian and Kazakhstani universities. Selections were made based on volunteering among the pre-service teachers who took coding lessons. In this study, the data were collected with the semi-structured interview technique, which was developed considering the purpose of the research. Qualitative content analysis was used in the analysis of the data obtained. The results obtained in the research process revealed that the needs of pre-service teachers regarding the coding education were lacking and the number of coding courses should be increased.

关键词： Education learning robotic programme technology method computer coding technique

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Hamster: A Fast Synchronous Byzantine Fault Tolerant Protocol

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION FORENSICS AND SECURITY 2025年 20卷 2664-2676页

作者： Fu, Ximing Li, Mo Zeng, Qingming Li, Tianyang Yang, Shenghao Guan, Yonghui Liu, Chuanyi Harbin Inst Technol Shenzhen Sch Comp Sci & Technol Shenzhen 518055 Peoples R China Peng Cheng Lab Shenzhen 518066 Peoples R China Chinese Univ Hong Kong Sch Sci & Engn Shenzhen 518172 Peoples R China Harbin Inst Technol Sch Comp Sci & Technol Harbin 150001 Peoples R China Shenzhen Growth Ring Technol Co Ltd Shenzhen 518000 Peoples R China Minist Emergency Management Key Lab Cyberspace & Data Secur Beijing 100013 Peoples R China

This paper presents Hamster, a novel synchronous Byzantine Fault Tolerant protocol that achieves high throughput and weaker dependency on synchrony. Specifically, Hamster is the first to introduce coding techniques into synchronous BFT, addressing the challenges posed by higher fault tolerance requirements and significantly reducing communication complexity. Consequently, Hamster achieves linear throughput gains as the number of nodes increases, surpassing Sync HotStuff. Additionally, with minor modifications, Hamster can operate effectively in mobile sluggish environments, further reducing its dependency on strict synchrony. We implement Hamster, and experimental results highlight its performance advantages. Specifically, Hamster achieves 2.5x the throughput of Sync HotStuff in a network of 9 nodes, with this gain growing to 10x as the network scales to 65 nodes. This increasing throughput advantage makes Hamster more applicable to large-scale distributed systems.

关键词： Byzantine fault tolerance coding technique synchronous mobile sluggish safety liveness Byzantine fault tolerance coding technique synchronous mobile sluggish safety liveness

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SPEECH AND CHANNEL coding FOR DIGITAL LAND-MOBILE RADIO

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IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS 1988年第2期6卷 332-345页

作者： MCLAUGHLIN, MJ RASKY, PD IIT CHICAGOIL 60616

Absfract-Toward the goal of providing digital radio services, this paper describes the joint development of a medium bit rate speech coder along with an effective channel coding technique to provide a robust, spectrally efficient, high quality mobile communication system. The speech coder employed is a subband coder operating at 12 kbit/s which, in the absence of channel errors, provides speech quality comparable to current analog land-mobile radio systems. In addition, the subband coder design incorporates a unique coding of the side information to facilitate the use of forward error-correction coding without the need to code the entire bit stream. The use of excessive overhead for redun- dancy is avoided while still mitigating the harsh effects of frequent channel errors. These techniques have been employed in an experi- mental FDMA digital land-mobile radio system. The combined speech and channel coder operates at 15 kbit/s and provides intelligible speech at fading channel error rates up to 8 percent.

关键词： .high quality radio systems side information channel errors speech quality subband coder coding technique coding for Digital Land-Mobile Radio rate speech system The speech

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FAULT-TOLERANT ASSOCIATE MEMORIES

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SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS IN JAPAN 1995年第7期26卷 1-12页

作者： FUJIWARA, E TANAKA, T Member Faculty of Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan 152 Eui Fujiwara:received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Electronics Engineering in 1968 and 1970 respectively and his Dr. of Eng. degree in 1981 all from Tokyo Institute of Technology. In 1970 he joined the NTT Musashino Electrical Communication Laboratories and engaged in developing PIPS-1 and PIPS-11 computer systems. In 1988 he joined the Department of Computer Science Tokyo Institute of Technology as an Associate Professor. In 1990 he became a full Professor. He was a Visiting Professor at the Center for Advanced Computer Studies the University of Southwestern Louisiana from June 1985 to July 1986. His current research interests include coding theory for computers fault-tolerant memories VLSI defect-toleranceand WSI systems. He is a co-author ofError Control Coding for Computer Systems(Prentice-Hall1989) EssentiaLF of Error-Correcting Coding Techniques (Academic Press 1990) and other books. Dr. Fujiwara received the Young Engineer Award from the I.E.I.C.E. in 1978 and the Teshima Memorial Research Award in 1991. He is a senior member of the IEEE and a member of the Information Processing Society Japan. Associate Member

Because of its capability of high-speed search, the associative memory (CAM) is expected to be used in a variety of information processing systems. In this paper, novel fault-tolerant techniques which are effective for on-line use are proposed for TLB which is an example of the application of CAM. First, fault and error models of the TLB consisting of the CAM part and the SRAM part are clarified. Then, the fault-tolerant techniques for these faults and errors, such as distance separable technique, cod-ing technique, simplified 1-out-of-n check and graceful degradation, are proposed. The distance separable technique which encodes the data stored in the CAM part is the one which masks the faulty CAM part and prevents errors from propagating to the subsequent circuits. The coding technique checks the one-to-one correspondence between the data in the CAM and those in SRAM by using the SEC-DED code with byte error detection capability, i.e., SEC-DED-SbED code, and at the same time it detects and corrects errors in the data stored in SRAM. The simplified 1-out-of-n check processes association errors. The graceful degradation gives a flag in the faulty memory section and prevents it from being used. The methods proposed in this paper are evaluated from area augmentation and error detection capability perspectives. The results show that the fault-tolerant TLB with 32 virtual address bits, 32 physical address bits and 128 entries gives single fault detection probability of nearly 99 percent with 28 percent area increase.

关键词： CAM TLB DISTANCE SEPARABLE technique coding technique SIMPLIFIED 1-OUT-OF-N CHECK GRACEFUL DEGRADATION

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Sliding-Window Superposition coding: Two-User Interference Channels

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY 2020年第6期66卷 3293-3316页

作者： Wang, Lele Kim, Young-Han Chen, Chiao-Yi Park, Hosung Sasoglu, Eren Univ British Columbia Dept Elect & Comp Engn Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada Univ Calif San Diego Dept Elect & Comp Engn San Diego CA 92093 USA Broadcom Ltd Sunnyvale CA 94086 USA Chonnam Natl Univ Sch Elect & Comp Engn Gwangju 61186 South Korea Apple Inc Cupertino CA 95014 USA

A low-complexity coding scheme is developed to achieve the rate region of maximum likelihood decoding for interference channels. As in the classical rate-splitting multiple access scheme by Grant, Urbanke, and Whiting, the proposed coding scheme uses superposition of multiple codewords with successive cancellation decoding, which can be implemented using standard point-to-point encoders and decoders. Unlike rate-splitting multiple access, which is not rate-optimal for multiple receivers, the proposed coding scheme transmits codewords over multiple blocks in a staggered manner and recovers them successively over sliding decoding windows, achieving the single-stream optimal rate region as well as the more general Han-Kobayashi inner bound for the two-user interference channel. The feasibility of this scheme in practice is verified by implementing it using commercial channel codes over the two-user Gaussian interference channel.

关键词： Maximum likelihood decoding Encoding Interference channels Receivers Modulation Coded modulation coding technique interference management simultaneous decoding

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CSMA LOCAL RADIO NETWORKS WITH BPSK MODULATION IN RAYLEIGH FADING CHANNELS

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ELECTRONICS LETTERS 1990年第20期26卷 1655-1656页

作者： ZHANG, K PAHLAVAN, K Dept. of Electr. Eng. Worcester Polytech. Inst. MA USA

Calculation of the throughput of a carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) packet radio network with capture over slow Rayleigh-fading channels is presented. The effects of capture on the throughput of the system are related to the modulation and coding technique of the transmission system, the general distribution of terminals in the area and the length of the transmitted packets. BPSK modulation and BCH coding are considered.

关键词： BCH coding BPSK modulation CSMA local radio networks Rayleigh fading channels carrier sense multiple access carrier sense multiple access coding technique distribution of terminals effects of capture encoding fading packet radio network packet switching phase shift keying radio networks throughput transmission system

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A bidirectional collaborative method based on an improved artificial fish swarm algorithm for ship pipe and equipment layout design

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OCEAN ENGINEERING 2024年 296卷

作者： Zhang, Hongshuo Yu, Yanyun Zhang, Qiaoyu Yang, Yuansong Liu, Haiyang Lin, Yan Dalian Univ Technol Sch Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn Dalian 116024 Peoples R China China Nucl Ind 23 Construct Co Ltd Sci & Technol Green Construct Lab Beijing 101300 Peoples R China

Ship engine room layout design (SERLD) significantly impacts a ship's transportation efficiency and safety by focusing on the layouts of equipment and piping. However, owing to complex constraints, previous research has mainly focused on single -dimensional layout designs and has failed to provide comprehensive references for designers. To address this research gap, this study proposes a collaborative layout method based on a multistrategy hybrid -objective artificial fish swarm algorithm (HMSAFSA). In terms of the underlying mathematical representation, a more stable Manhattan trajectory -based coding method suitable for a collaborative layout is proposed. Building on this coding method, multiple strategies are incorporated into the heuristic AFSA to enhance its optimization and collaborative performance. Collaborative evaluation functions and methods are designed and refined to ensure effective layout results for multiple objectives. Furthermore, a layout procedure incorporating bidirectional guidance strategies and hierarchical thinking is proposed. This method achieves collaborative layouts through the mutual guidance of optimal objectives. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through representative cases of various types of ship engine rooms in practical engineering. The method demonstrates its capability to offer multiple optimal layout schemes, thus presenting substantial value for practical engineering designs.

关键词： Collaborative optimization Ship engine room layout design Multi-strategy heuristic algorithm Hybrid -objective optimization coding technique Automation design

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RECURSIVE CONTEXTUAL CLASSIFICATION USING A SPATIAL STOCHASTIC-MODEL

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PATTERN RECOGNITION 1983年第1期16卷 89-108页

作者： YU, TS FU, KS PURDUE UNIV SCH ELECT ENGN W LAFAYETTE IN 47907 USA

In the past decade, there have been numerous attempts to develop systems for automatic interpretation of digital image data. None of the systems developed for this purpose have made extensive use of context information. Since even manual interpretation of isolated point or area targets is difficult without the use of context, a machine which does not use context has a fundamental limitation. In the course of using contextual information, the 1st task is to present a stationary stochastic process on a 2-dimensional plane. This process is then used as a model, such that correlations between any pair of image cells can be extracted. The model is characterized by a spatial correlation parameter. A flexible coding technique is presented by which the spatial correlation parameter can be estimated. From the coded patterns used for estimating the spatial correlation parameter, a recursive contextual classification procedure is proposed. Some modifications and extensions of the model are specifically developed or substantially refined during this invetigation to cover more general situations. Extensive experimental results with remotely sensed multispectral scanner data using the developed model for contextual classification are reported. Both single-stage and recursive contextual classification procedures are tested on real data. The classification results do show the effectiveness and efficiency of the developed contextual classifier.

关键词： Contextual classification coding technique Stationary process Spatial correlation Markov Gaussian process Nearest neighbor system Site-variable Torus process Error variate

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Enumeration of Mobius type cyclic polyazulenoids

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JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL CHEMISTRY 2017年第1期55卷 132-141页

作者： Zhang, Xiaoling Deng, Kecai Quanzhou Normal Univ Sch Math & Comp Sci Quanzhou 362000 Fujian Peoples R China Huaqiao Univ Sch Math Sci Quanzhou 362021 Fujian Peoples R China

A Mobius type cyclic polyazulenoid is a kind of nonalternant conjugated hydrocarbon, consisting of a cyclic series of alternatingly fused five membered rings and seven membered rings, which forms a "Mobius belt of rings" or say, "Mobius belt of azulenes", more precisely. As a sequel of the recent paper (Deng and Zhang in J Math Chem 54(2):416-427, 2016), which counts "belt type" cyclic polyazulenoid, this article studies the enumeration problem of Mobius type cyclic polyazulenoid. We obtain the exact counting formula for the number of Mobius type cyclic polyazulenoids with n azulene units, by a method based on coding technique and a generalization of 'Burnside' lemma. And we give the numerical results for n not larger than 20, which may contribute to the fully synthesis of Mobius type cyclic polyazulenoids.

关键词： Cyclic polyazulenoids Enumeration Mbius type coding technique 'Burnside' lemma

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