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Embedded Transition Inversion coding With Low Switching Activity for Serial Links

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS 2013年第10期21卷 1797-1810页

作者： Chiu, Ching-Te Huang, Wen-Chih Lin, Chih-Hsing Lai, Wei-Chih Tsao, Ying-Fang Natl Tsing Hua Univ Dept Comp Sci Inst Commun Engn Hsinchu 300 Taiwan

Serial link interconnection has been proposed for its advantages of reducing crosstalk and area. However, serializing parallel buses tends to increase bit transition and power dissipation. Several coding schemes, such as serial followed by encoding (SE) and transition inversion coding (TIC), have been proposed to reduce bit transition. TIC is capable of decreasing transitions by 15% compared to the SE scheme, but an extra indication bit is added in every data word to represent inversion occurrence. The extra bit increases the transmission overhead and the bit transitions. This paper proposes an embedded transition inversion (ETI) coding scheme that uses the phase difference between the clock and data in the transmitted serial data to tackle the problem of the extra indication bit. The ETI coding scheme reduces the transition by up to 31% compared to SE scheme. The analysis and simulation results indicate that the proposed coding scheme produces a low bit transition for different kinds of data patterns. Using the optimum degree of multiplexing, width, and spacing, the ETI coding scheme achieves 30%-60% energy reduction compared with the parallel bus without overhead. Taking circuit overhead into consideration, the power saving is up to 31.71% and 26.46% at a clock cycle of 250 ps for the 90- and 130- nm CMOS technology for m = 2 where m is the number of parallel wires multiplexed into a serial link.

关键词： coding techniques low switching activity phase detector serial link

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Symmetric interpolatory framelets and their erasure recovery properties

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WAVELETS MULTIRESOLUTION AND INFORMATION PROCESSING 2007年第4期5卷 541-566页

作者： Amrani, Ofer Averbuch, Amir Cohen, Tamir Zheludev, Valery A. Tel Aviv Univ Fac Engn Dept Elect Engn Syst Sch Elect Engn IL-69978 Tel Aviv Israel Tel Aviv Univ Sch Comp Sci IL-69978 Tel Aviv Israel

A new class of wavelet-type frames in signal space that uses ( anti) symmetric waveforms is presented. The construction employs interpolatory filters with rational transfer functions. These filters have linear phase. They are amenable either to fast cascading or parallel recursive implementation. Robust error recovery algorithms are developed by utilizing the redundancy inherent in frame expansions. Experimental results recover images when ( as much as) 60% of the expansion coefficients are either lost or corrupted. The proposed approach inflates the size of the image through framelet expansion and multilevel decomposition thus providing redundant representation of the image. Finally, the frame-based error recovery algorithm is compared with a classical coding approach.

关键词： framelets interpolatory filters coding techniques error recovery

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A flexible strategy for embedding and configuring run-time contract checks in .net components

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING 2007年第3期17卷 315-338页

作者： Edwards, Stephen H. Haggard, Westley Virginia Tech Dept Comp Sci Blacksburg VA 24061 USA

In component-based systems, there are several obstacles to using Design by Contract (DbC), particularly with respect to third-party components. Contracts are particularly valuable when debugging or testing composite software structures that include third-party components. However, existing approaches have critical weakness. First, existing approaches typically require a component's source code to be available if you wish to strip (or re-insert) checks. Second, documentation of the contract is either distributed separately from the component or embedded in the component's source code. Third, enabling and disabling specific kinds of checks on separate components from independent vendors can be a significant challenge. This paper describes an approach to representing contracts for .NET components using attributes. This contract information can be retrived from the compiled component's metadata and used for many purposes. The paper also describes nContract, a tool that automatically generates run-time checks from embedded contracts. Such run-time checks can be generated and added to a system without requiringt source code access or recompilation. Further, when checks for a given component are excluded, they impose no run-time overhead. Finally, a highly expressive, fine-grained mechanism for controlling user preferences about which specific checks are enabled or disabled is presented.

关键词： design by contract assertion checkers dynamic verification component-based software binary components preconditions postconditions invariants coding techniques debugging aids specification

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On Exploiting Network Topology for Hierarchical Coded Multi-Task Learning

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2024年第8期72卷 4930-4944页

作者： Hu, Haoyang Li, Songze Cheng, Minquan Ma, Shuai Shi, Yuanming Wu, Youlong ShanghaiTech Univ Sch Informat Sci & Technol Shanghai 201210 Peoples R China Southeast Univ Sch Cyber Sci & Engn Nanjing 211189 Peoples R China Guangxi Normal Univ Guangxi Key Lab Multisource Informat Min & Secur Guilin 541004 Peoples R China Peng Cheng Lab Shenzhen 518055 Peoples R China

Distributed multi-task learning (MTL) is a learning paradigm where distributed users simultaneously learn multiple tasks by leveraging the correlations among tasks. However, distributed MTL suffers from a more severe communication bottleneck than single-task learning as more than one models need to be transmitted in the communication phase. To address this issue, we investigate the hierarchical MTL system where distributed users wish to jointly learn different learning models orchestrated by a central server with the help of multiple relays. We propose a coded distributed computing scheme for hierarchical MTL systems that jointly exploits the network topology and relays' computing capability to create coded multicast opportunities to improve communication efficiency. We theoretically prove that the proposed scheme can significantly reduce the communication loads both in the uplink and downlink transmissions between relays and the server. To further illustrate the optimality of the proposed scheme, we derive information-theoretic lower bounds on the minimum uplink and downlink communication loads and prove that the gaps between achievable upper bounds and lower bounds are within the minimum number of connected users among all relays. In particular, when the network topology can be delicately designed, the proposed scheme can achieve the information-theoretic optimal communication loads. Experiments on real-world datasets show that our proposed scheme can greatly reduce the overall training time compared to the conventional hierarchical MTL scheme.

关键词： Relays Servers Task analysis Distance learning Computer aided instruction Downlink Uplink Multi-task learning coding techniques distributed learning hierarchical systems communication load

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Trading off quality and complexity for a HVQ-based video codec on portable devices

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JOURNAL OF VISUAL COMMUNICATION AND IMAGE REPRESENTATION 2006年第3期17卷 564-572页

作者： Cagnazzo, Marco Delfino, Francesco Vollero, Luca Zinicola, Andrea Univ Naples Federico II Naples Italy LABCOM Lab Nazl CNIT Pisa Italy

Bandwidth and processing requirements of multimedia applications typically exceed capabilities of portable terminals with current technology. Applications should hence be able to accommodate their requirements to run on these devices. In this paper, we provide a performance characterization of a video codec based on techniques such as hierarchical vector quantization which trade off complexity and reproduction quality. Comparison with standard codecs shows a remarkable reduction of coding times, such that real-time coding/decoding of video becomes possible even on low-power devices. This complexity reduction is counterbalanced by reproduction quality impairment. Nevertheless, for application such as video-conference, subjective quality seems to be fairly acceptable. Our analysis also quantifies some limitations of low-power devices with current technology. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： multimedia coding techniques palmtop devices performance evaluation

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SNR enhancement of Raman-based long-range distributed temperature sensors using cyclic Simplex codes

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ELECTRONICS LETTERS 2010年第17期46卷 1221-U80页

作者： Baronti, F. Lazzeri, A. Roncella, R. Saletti, R. Signorini, A. Soto, M. A. Bolognini, G. Di Pasquale, F. Univ Pisa Dept Informat Engn I-56126 Pisa Italy Scuola Super Sant Anna I-56124 Pisa Italy

Presented is a novel approach for enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of optical fibre distributed temperature sensors. The proposed method is based on cyclic codes and it can be implemented by high-power lasers, which are required for long-range applications but are unsuitable for conventional coding techniques. The expected performance improvement, in terms of temperature resolution, sensing range and measurement time, is confirmed by simulations.

关键词： Raman-based long-range distributed temperature sensors SNR enhancement coding techniques cyclic Simplex codes distributed sensors fibre optic sensors high-power lasers signal-to-noise ratio temperature sensors

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DATA-COMPRESSION IN SCIENTIFIC AND STATISTICAL DATABASES

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 1985年第10期11卷 1047-1058页

作者： BASSIOUNI, MA Central Florida University Orlando

Data compression is necessary for the efficient management and storage of data in scientific and statistical databases (SSDB). Through data compression, SSDB storage requirements and data transfer times can be reduced, while data security, backup and recovery, and system performance are improved. However, data compression entails some disadvantages, such as: 1. high overhead costs for data encoding and expansion, 2. possible disruption of data properties, 3. limited portability, 4. output length unpredictability, and 5. large metadata storage requirements. A number of data compression techniques are reviewed according to their objectives and the possible trade-offs involved in their use. The review suggests that future research is needed to: 1. compare performance of compression techniques, 2. assess how data compression may contribute to data transmission cost reduction, 3. examine hardware implementation of data compression, 4. assess metadata compression, and 5. develop more efficient compression algorithms.

关键词： Scientific Statistical Databases coding techniques Data Compression Data Storage Data Transmission

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SOLIT - AN AUTOMATED-SYSTEM FOR SYNTHESIZING RELIABLE SEQUENTIAL-CIRCUITS WITH MULTILEVEL LOGIC IMPLEMENTATION

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IEE PROCEEDINGS-COMPUTERS AND DIGITAL techniques 1995年第1期142卷 49-54页

作者： LAI, CS WEY, CL Dept. of Electr. Eng. Michigan State Univ. East Lansing USA

The paper presents SOLiT, an automated system for synthesising reliable sequential circuits with multilevel logic implementation. The reliability enhancement is achieved by using concurrent error detection scheme with coding techniques. The system receives the behavioural description of finite-state machines, determines the required checker circuits, and generates the physical layouts. The synthesised circuits can detect multiple unidirectional errors. A novel output partitioning algorithm is presented to reduce the hardware cost of the required checker circuits. Results show that the overhead for reliability enhancement of the synthesised sequential circuits is relatively low.

关键词： coding techniques CONCURRENT ERROR DETECTION LOGIC PARTITIONING ALGORITHM

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Contract-checking wrappers for C++ classes

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2004年第11期30卷 794-810页

作者： Edwards, SH Sitaraman, M Weide, BW Hollingsworth, J Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ Dept Comp Sci Blacksburg VA 24061 USA Clemson Univ Dept Comp Sci Clemson SC 29634 USA Ohio State Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn Columbus OH 43210 USA Indiana Univ SE Dept Comp Sci New Albany IN 47150 USA

Two kinds of interface contract violations can occur in component-based software: A client component can fail to satisfy a requirement of a component it is using, or a component implementation can fail to fulfill its obligations to the client. The traditional approach to detecting and reporting such violations is to embed assertion checks into component source code, with compile-time control over whether they are enabled. This works well for the original component developers, but it fails to meet the needs of component clients who do not have access to source code for such components. A wrapper-based approach, in which contract checking is not hard-coded into the underlying component but is "layered" on top of it, offers several relative advantages. It is practical and effective for C++ classes. Checking code can be distributed in binary form along with the underlying component, it can be installed or removed without requiring recompilation of either the underlying component or the client code, it can be selectively enabled or disabled by the component client on a per-component basis, and it does not require the client to have access to any special tools ( which might have been used by the component developer) to support wrapper installation and control. Experimental evidence indicates that wrappers in C++ impose modest additional overhead compared to inlining assertion checks.

关键词： assertion checkers binary components design by contract preconditions postconditions class invariants coding techniques debugging aids specification

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Pairwise likelihood inference for spatial regressions estimated on very large datasets

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SPATIAL STATISTICS 2014年第0期7卷 21-39页

作者： Arbia, Giuseppe Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore Dept Stat I-00198 Rome Italy

This paper proposes a pairwise likelihood specification of a spatial regression model that simplifies the derivation of the log-likelihood and leads to a closed form expression for the estimation of the parameters. With respect to the more traditional specifications of spatial autoregressive models, our method avoids the arbitrariness of the specification of a weight matrix, presents analytical and computational advantages and provides interesting interpretative insights. We establish small sample and asymptotic properties of the estimators and we derive the associated Fisher information matrix needed in confidence interval estimation and hypothesis testing. We also present an illustrative example of application based on simulated data. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cliff-Ord models coding techniques Composite likelihood Partial likelihood Pairwise likelihood Spatial econometrics

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