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cognitive complexity Analysis and Optimization Tool for Java 1

9th International Congress on Information and Communication Technology (ICICT)

作者： De Silva, D. I. Wijesundara, D. A. R. Perera, V. H. P. Rathnayake, M. R. T. N. Udumulla, C. J. Godapitiya, V. Sri Lanka Inst Informat Technol Malabe Sri Lanka

ISBN: (数字)9789819735624

ISBN: (纸本)9789819735617;9789819735624

cognitive complexity, often neglected initially, becomes a significant challenge as software systems expand. This article introduces the cognitive complexity Analysis and Optimization Tool to address this issue comprehensively. cognitive complexity Analysis and Optimization Tool incorporates various metrics, graphical visualizations, and suggestions for complexity reduction, enhancing code quality and maintainability. The study outlines specific objectives: reducing cognitive complexity, enhancing code reliability, streamlining software maintenance, providing reporting and visualization capabilities, and offering an interface for automatic code complexity reduction. This research focuses on modern software development challenges, emphasizing the importance of lower cognitive complexity and streamlined maintenance processes. The article reviews extensive research in cognitive complexity metrics, highlighting the limitations of existing methods and introducing the Improved CB measure as the proposed tool's primary metric. The methodology adheres to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Standard for Software Quality Metric Methodology, ensuring rigorous quality standards. In conclusion, the proposed tool automates the computation of cognitive complexity, code size, and code maintainability, offering enhanced insights into Java-based system development. It streamlines code refactoring and provides optimized code suggestions, contributing to cost and time savings in software development and maintenance.

关键词： cognitive complexity ICB metric Maintainability index Large language model

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cognitive complexity Training Reduced Gender Harassment in a Small Japanese Company¹

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JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2024年第3期66卷 340-349页

作者： Kobayashi, Atsuko Tanaka, Ken'ichiro Council Gender Equal Kawagoe City Kawagoe Saitama Japan Nihon Univ Tokyo Japan

We examined a training program for developing cognitive complexity (cognitive complexity training [CCT]) for reducing gender harassment using data of workers in an actual work environment. CCT was conducted with 20 Japanese employees. The participants were administered the Gender Harassment Scale consisting of two subscales: the Commission (e.g., marginal role expectations of women, such as serving coffee and making photocopies) and the Omission (e.g., exclusion of women from essential jobs and core roles). The participants responded to the Gender Harassment Scale before CCT, right after CCT, and at the 2-week follow-up assessment. The results indicated that participants' post-CCT and follow-up Commission scores significantly improved compared to their pre-CCT scores.

关键词： gender harassment cognitive complexity implicit stereotypes Implicit Association Test sex-role attitudes

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Client perceptions of counselor cognitive complexity

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COUNSELOR EDUCATION AND SUPERVISION 2025年第0期

作者： Gantt-Howrey, Alexandra Idaho State Univ Dept Counseling 1311 E Cent Dr Meridian ID 83642 USA

The present study is a quantitative investigation of clients' (N = 390) perceptions of their counselors' cognitive complexity (CC) as measured by the Counselor CC (3C)-Client Perceptions Scale. Results indicate a significant relationship between perceived CC and client satisfaction. Participants' perceptions that counselors understood their worldview and formed appropriate goals significantly predicted client satisfaction. Implications for how counselor educators and supervisors may use clients' perspectives to inform the enhancement of counseling students' CC conclude.

关键词： client perceptions cognitive complexity counseling counselor development counselor education

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CEO cognitive complexity during a crisis: Will depth or width best aid innovation?

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Strategic Direction 2025年第2期41卷 24-27页

Purpose: This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach: This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings: Crisis situations demand quick and effective decision-making to identify novel solutions. During these periods of uncertainty, the required innovation is likelier to materialize when leaders are equipped with the high cognitive depth that enables them to thoroughly analyze a specific issue. But when cognitive width is dominant, decision-making quality can be impeded by the leader’s tendency to consider a wider range of information pertaining to diverse issues. Originality/value: The briefing saves busy executives, strategists and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format. © 2025, Emerald Publishing Limited.

关键词： cognitive complexity Crisis Innovation Managerial cognitive depth Managerial cognitive width

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Evaluation of the Quality of AI-Generated Scientific Text Under Different Types of cognitive complexity Tasks 26th

Evaluation of the Quality of AI-Generated Scientific Text Un...

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26th International Conference on Asia-Pacific Digital Libraries, ICADL 2024

作者： Peng, Hui Liu, Shujun Li, Lei Beijing Normal University Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819608645

As Artificial Intelligence Generated Content (AIGC) continues to deepen its application in the field of scientific research, this study aims to explore the current quality of AIGC in completing research tasks, providing insights for improving AIGC in the scientific research domain. This study first reviews and summarizes existing information quality evaluation frameworks and AIGC-related research to propose quality evaluation criteria for AIGC in the research context. Then, by setting research tasks with different cognitive complexities, user experiments were conducted on the ChatGPT and ERNIE Bot platforms to select appropriate AIGC quality evaluation criteria for these tasks. The quality of AIGC generated by ChatGPT and ERNIE Bot was evaluated based on the selected criteria, revealing the strengths and weaknesses of current AIGC in meeting users’ research information needs. The results show that users generally value relevance, professionalism, and readability when evaluating AIGC for research tasks. However, attention to specific criteria such as accuracy, diversity, coherence, and creativity varies depending on the cognitive complexity of the research tasks. Additionally, AIGC performs well in understanding, evaluating, and creating tasks but has significant shortcomings in remembering and analyzing tasks, particularly in terms of accuracy and professionalism. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： AIGC Evaluation cognitive complexity Scientific Context

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Automatizing Software cognitive complexity Reduction

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IEEE ACCESS 2022年 10卷 11642-11656页

作者： Saborido, Ruben Ferrer, Javier Chicano, Francisco Alba, Enrique Univ Malaga ITIS Software Malaga 29016 Spain

Software plays a central role in our life nowadays. We use it almost anywhere, at any time, and for everything: to browse the Internet, to check our emails, and even to access critical services such as health monitoring and banking. Hence, its reliability and general quality is critical. As software increases in complexity, developers spend more time fixing bugs or making code work rather than designing or writing new code. Thus, improving software understandability and maintainability would translate into an economic relief over the total cost of a project. Different cognitive complexity measures have been proposed to quantify the understandability of a piece of code and, therefore, its maintainability. However, the cognitive complexity metric provided by SonarSource and integrated in SonarCloud and SonarQube is quickly spreading in the software industry due to the popularity of these well-known static code tools for evaluating software quality. Despite SonarQube suggests to keep method's cognitive complexity no greater than 15, reducing method's complexity is challenging for a human programmer and there are no approaches to assist developers on this task. We model the cognitive complexity reduction of a method as an optimization problem where the search space contains all sequences of Extract Method refactoring opportunities. We then propose a novel approach that searches for feasible code extractions allowing developers to apply them, all in an automated way. This will allow software developers to make informed decisions while reducing the complexity of their code. We evaluated our approach over 10 open-source software projects and was able to fix 78% of the 1,050 existing cognitive complexity issues reported by SonarQube. We finally discuss the limitations of the proposed approach and provide interesting findings and guidelines for developers.

关键词： complexity theory Software Codes Measurement Optimization Open source software Java Software quality software maintenance optimization cognitive complexity

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The role of cognitive complexity and risk aversion in online herd behavior

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ELECTRONIC COMMERCE RESEARCH 2022年第2期22卷 585-621页

作者： Rejikumar, G. Asokan-Ajitha, Aswathy Dinesh, Sofi Jose, Ajay Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Dept Management Kochi Campus Kochi Kerala India Indian Inst Management Amritsar Mkt Management Amritsar Punjab India Life Insurance Corp India Cherthala India

This paper investigated the role of information related, social and customer characteristics in public information adoption tendencies of online customers to result in herding in e-commerce. E-commerce platforms contains numerous online reviews about products which have the potential to influence customers. We applied structural equation modeling and a 2 x 2 scenario experiment to empirically verify the effect of a few factors in creating online herding. Two levels of cognitive complexity (simple, complex) and risk aversion (risk averse, risk taker) formed the 2 x 2 factorial design. The study's primary finding was that a person with simple cognitive structure and risk avoidance tendency may exhibit higher intention to adopt public information and engage in herding. Information specific attributes contributed maximum towards information adoption and herding. Among sociological variables, only reputation concern significantly predicted both information adoption and herding. Theoretically, the study offered a framework to explore herding intentions online and augmented the observations from the information adoption model. The quality of concise information from credible sources significantly instigates adoption of public information contained in online reviews. From the perspective of marketers, having a better understanding of herding behaviors and its mechanisms can enable the e-commerce platform to reduce herding's erosion on the wisdom of the crowd by optimizing its information structures (i.e., public information, private information, etc.).

关键词： Information adoption Herding cognitive complexity Risk aversion Scenario-based experiment

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cognitive complexity, stylistic innovation and performance: A preliminary study of small Taiwanese design firms

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企业管理学报 2022年第2期47卷 23-44页

作者： Chih-Ching Yu Heng-Yih Liu Ting-Ling Lin Wai-Sum Siu

This preliminary study investigates cognitive complexity, or an individual's cognitive structure for his or her social world, and its role in stylistic innovation, particularly changes of design in the appearance or symbolic meaning of products, for five Taiwanese small design firms. The results reveal that cognitive complexity is useful to understand the stylistic innovation processes of Taiwanese entrepreneur-designers. The entrepreneur-designers use cognitive complexity to determine the structural prerequisites of aesthetic products. The domain-specific cognitive complexity of the entrepreneur-designer influences the selection of relevant and appropriate dimensions in stylistic innovation. Entrepreneur-designers' strategic decisions to target a customer-oriented market or designer-driven market will affect the selection of stylistic orchestration and agile synchronization in the process of stylistic innovation.

关键词： cognitive complexity Stylistic innovation Entrepreneur-designers

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Effects of manipulating the cognitive complexity of the task on written production in Portuguese as a foreign language

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HISPANIA-A JOURNAL DEVOTED TO THE TEACHING OF SPANISH AND PORTUGUESE 2024年第4期107卷

作者： Santos, Sara Univ Macau Macau Peoples R China

The aim of this research was to analyze the effects of increasing the cognitive complexity of the task on the written production of Chinese university students of Portuguese as a foreign language. The factor "reasoning demands" was selected as the independent variable and an within-subjects comparison was made: twenty-two students performed a written narrative task, manipulated at two levels of cognitive complexity (simple task and complex task). The order of the tasks was counterbalanced. Written production was quantified in terms of linguistic complexity (syntactic complexity and lexical diversity), correctness and fluency. The results of the inferential statistics showed a significant effect of the increase in reasoning demands on subordination, lexical diversity and a general measure of correctness. In the correlational analysis between the three dimensions of written production of the two tasks, a positive correlation was identified between subordination and fluency and between lexical diversity and fluency. The results obtained are interpreted using the principles of Peter Robinson's Cognition Hypothesis (2001, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2010, 2011, 2015, 2022) and Peter Skehan's Limited Attention Span model (1998, 2009, 2014, 2015, 2018, 2022).

关键词： cognitive complexity linguistic complexity, accuracy and fluency narrative task Portuguese as a foreign language written production

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An empirical evaluation of the ?cognitive complexity?measure as a predictor of code understandability

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE 2023年 197卷

作者： Lavazza, Luigi Abualkishik, Abedallah Zaid Liu, Geng Morasca, Sandro Univ Insubria Dipartimento Sci Teor & Applicate Varese Italy Amer Univ Emirates Coll Comp Informat Technol Dubai U Arab Emirates Hangzhou Dianzi Univ Sch Comp Sci & Technol Hangzhou Peoples R China

Background: Code that is difficult to understand is also difficult to inspect and maintain and ultimately causes increased costs. Therefore, it would be greatly beneficial to have source code measures that are related to code understandability. Many "traditional"source code measures, including for instance Lines of Code and McCabe's Cyclomatic complexity, have been used to identify hard-to-understand code. In addition, the "cognitive complexity"measure was introduced in 2018 with the specific goal of improving the ability to evaluate code ***: The goals of this paper are to assess whether (1) "cognitive complexity"is better correlated with code understandability than traditional measures, and (2) the availability of the "cognitive complexity"measure improves the performance (i.e., the accuracy) of code understandability prediction ***: We carried out an empirical study, in which we reused code understandability measures used in several previous studies. We first built Support Vector Regression models of understandability vs. code measures, and we then compared the performance of models that use "cognitive complexity"against the performance of models that do ***: "cognitive complexity"appears to be correlated to code understandability approximately as much as traditional measures, and the performance of models that use "cognitive complexity"is extremely close to the performance of models that use only traditional ***: The "cognitive complexity"measure does not appear to fulfill the promise of being a significant improvement over previously proposed measures, as far as code understandability prediction is concerned.(c) 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Software understandability cognitive complexity Software code measures complexity measures Static code measures

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