Long range (LoRa) has gained popularity in realizing Internet of Things applications by facilitating long-range communication with low-power consumption. However, LoRa faces scalability issues due to its unsophisticat...
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Long range (LoRa) has gained popularity in realizing Internet of Things applications by facilitating long-range communication with low-power consumption. However, LoRa faces scalability issues due to its unsophisticated random access (RA) protocol, Aloha, which is vulnerable to collision and not scalable in dense network scenarios. In contrast, distributed queuing (DQ), a collision-free contention-based RA protocol, is a promising candidate for replacing Aloha because of its near-optimal performance and independence from the traffic load and pattern. However, DQ is not compatible with LoRa, as it was initially designed to operate on CableTV that supports the full-duplex (FDX) bidirectional link. In FDX, the contention feedback overhead is negligible. Most wireless networks, such as LoRa, support the half-duplex, for which the feedback overhead is considerable. Furthermore, a reduction in efficiency is aggravated under a multichannel environment because of an unbalanced traffic load. This study proposes a joint distributed queueing protocol to consider contention for LoRa that minimizes control overhead and achieves interchannel load balancing. Our analysis shows that the proposed protocol reduces the control overhead by up to 70% compared to DQ. The protocol performance demonstrates near-optimum throughput and access delay, irrespective of the number of arrivals.
The RFID system is the core technology of the future Internet of Things system and Industry 4.0, and the RFID anti-collisionalgorithm is the basis for realizing the communication between the tag and the reader. Aimin...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781665471565
ISBN:
(纸本)9781665471565
The RFID system is the core technology of the future Internet of Things system and Industry 4.0, and the RFID anti-collisionalgorithm is the basis for realizing the communication between the tag and the reader. Aiming at the problems of high computational complexity, low recognition efficiency and complex recognition process in existing RFID anti-collisionalgorithms in existing international standards, based on the query treealgorithm, combined with the extended bit transformation method, a relatively simple method is proposed. We propose a relatively simple anti-collisionalgorithm for RFID: Improved collisiontree based on Bit Transformation algorithm (ICTBTA). The simulation results show that the system efficiency of the treealgorithm proposed in this paper can be stabilized at more than 80%, and the efficiency of the currently used CT algorithm can be improved by more than 50%. Therefore, ICTBTA can be applied to common RFID passive tag identification systems.
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