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colour coding subtitles in multilingual films - a reception study

PERSPECTIVES-STUDIES IN TRANSLATION THEORY AND PRACTICE 2022年第3期30卷 520-536页

作者： Szarkowska, Agnieszka Boczkowska, Julianna Univ Warsaw Inst Appl Linguist Ul Dobra 55 PL-00312 Warsaw Poland

Multilingual films do not always travel well across borders. When translated, multilingualism may become neutralised and washed out. In subtitling, multiple languages used in the original are usually not marked in any way in the target subtitles. This results in neutralisation and linguistic homogenisation, whereby target viewers may not even realise that different languages are spoken in the film. In this study, we test a new solution aimed to help preserve the multilingual nature of films in interlingual subtitling: the strategy of colour coding. To gauge the impact of colour coding on viewers, we conducted a survey-based reception study on a group of 52 Polish hearing speakers who watched a multilingual film with interlingual subtitles in two versions: one where subtitles were coloured, i.e. each language was marked with a different colour, and the other, control condition, where the subtitles were traditionally white. We measured participants' immersive tendency, immersion, comprehension, and cognitive load. While colour coding did not have a significant impact on immersion, we found that individuals with a lower tendency for immersion reported higher immersion levels when watching coloured subtitles. Our results may contribute to the discussion how to render the multilingual nature of films in interlingual subtitling.

关键词： Multilingualism subtitling immersion colour coding immersive tendency cognitive load

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Non-standardised colour coding of anaesthetic ampoule labelling: a dangerous practice?

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BRITISH JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA 2022年第1期128卷 E10-E12页

作者： Skelly, James R. O'Reilly, Darragh Ward, Vandan St Vincents Univ Hosp Grp Dept Anaesthesia Crit Care & Pain Med Dublin Ireland

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Metro Map colour-coding: Effect on Usability in Route Tracing 10th

Metro Map Colour-Coding: Effect on Usability in Route Tracin...

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10th International Conference on the Theory and Application of Diagrams (Diagrams)

作者： Lloyd, Peter B. Rodgers, Peter Roberts, Maxwell J. Univ Kent Sch Comp Darwin Rd Canterbury CT2 7NZ Kent England Univ Essex Dept Psychol Wivenhoe Pk Colchester CO4 3SQ Essex England

ISBN: (纸本)9783319913766;9783319913759

Does the choice of colour-coding scheme affect the usability of metro maps, as measured by the accuracy and speed of navigation? Using colour to differentiate lines or services in maps of metro rail networks has been a common practice around the world for many decades. Broadly speaking, there are two basic schemes: 'route colouring', in which each end-to-end route has a distinct colour, and 'trunk colouring', in which each major trunk has a distinct colour, and the individual routes inherit the colour of the main trunk that they run along. A third, intermediate scheme is 'shaded colouring', in which each trunk has a distinct colour, and each route has a distinct shade of that colour. In this study, 285 volunteers in the US were randomised to these three colour-coding schemes and performed seventeen navigational tasks. Each task involved tracing a route in the New York City subway map. Overall, we found that route colouring was significantly more accurate than the trunk-and shaded-colouring schemes. A planned subset analysis, however, revealed major differences between specific navigational hazards: route colouring performed better only against certain navigational hazards;trunk colouring performed best against one hazard;and other hazards showed no effect of colour coding. Route colouring was significantly faster only in one subset.

关键词： Metro maps colour coding Navigational hazard New York City subway Vignelli Usability testing

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The Complexity of Finding and Enumerating Optimal Subgraphs to Represent Spatial Correlation

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ALGORITHMICA 2024年第10期86卷 3186-3230页

作者： Enright, Jessica Lee, Duncan Meeks, Kitty Pettersson, William Sylvester, John Univ Glasgow Sch Comp Sci Glasgow G12 8QQ Scotland Univ Glasgow Sch Math & Stat Glasgow G12 8QQ Scotland Univ Liverpool Dept Comp Sci Liverpool L69 3DR England

Understanding spatial correlation is vital in many fields including epidemiology and social science. Lee et al. (Stat Comput 31(4):51, 2021. https://***/10.1007/s11222-021-10025-7) recently demonstrated that improved inference for areal unit count data can be achieved by carrying out modifications to a graph representing spatial correlations;specifically, they delete edges of the planar graph derived from border-sharing between geographic regions in order to maximise a specific objective function. In this paper, we address the computational complexity of the associated graph optimisation problem. We demonstrate that this optimisation problem is NP-hard;we further show intractability for two simpler variants of the problem. We follow these results with two parameterised algorithms that exactly solve the problem. The first is parameterised by both treewidth and maximum degree, while the second is parameterised by the maximum number of edges that can be removed and is also restricted to settings where the input graph has maximum degree three. Both of these algorithms solve not only the decision problem, but also enumerate all solutions with polynomial time precalculation, delay, and postcalculation time in respective restricted settings. For this problem, efficient enumeration allows the uncertainty in the spatial correlation to be utilised in the modelling. The first enumeration algorithm utilises dynamic programming on a tree decomposition of the input graph, and has polynomial time precalculation and linear delay if both the treewidth and maximum degree are bounded. The second algorithm is restricted to problem instances with maximum degree three, as may arise from triangulations of planar surfaces, but can output all solutions with FPT precalculation time and linear delay when the maximum number of edges that can be removed is taken as the parameter.

关键词： Parameterised complexity Treewidth colour coding Spatial statistics Enumeration

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Psychology in the operating theatre: the importance of colour and cognition in the redesign of clinical systems for medication safety

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BRITISH JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA 2024年第5期132卷 837-839页

作者： Webster, Craig S. Univ Auckland Sch Med Dept Anaesthesiol Auckland New Zealand Univ Auckland Sch Med Ctr Med & Hlth Sci Educ Auckland New Zealand

Medication errors in anaesthesia remain a leading cause of patient harm. Compared with conventional methods, use of the international colour-code standard on syringes and medication trays allows significantly more errors to be detected, and does so under conditions of cognitive load. Testing methods from experimental psychology provide important new insights for human factors research in anaesthesia and health care.

关键词： colour coding human psychology medication error patient safety standards

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Effects of colour-coded compartmentalised syringe trays on anaesthetic drug error detection under cognitive load

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BRITISH JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA 2024年第5期132卷 911-917页

作者： Laxton, Victoria Maratos, Frances A. Hewson, David W. Baird, Andrew Archer, Stephanie Stupple, Edward J. N. TRL Automat Crowthorne England Univ Derby Coll Hlth Psychol & Social Care Sch Psychol Derby England Univ Nottingham Sch Med Dept Anaesthesia Acad Unit Injury Recovery & Inflammat Sci Nottingham England Nottingham Univ Hosp NHS Trust Nottingham England Univ Cambridge Dept Psychol Cambridge England Univ Cambridge Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care Cambridge England Imperial Coll London Fac Med Dept Surg & Canc London England

Background: Anaesthetic drug administration is complex, and typical clinical environments can entail significant cognitive load. colour-coded anaesthetic drug trays have shown promising results for error identification and reducing cognitive load. Methods: We used experimental psychology methods to test the potential benefits of colour-coded compartmentalised trays compared with conventional trays in a simulated visual search task. Effects of cognitive load were also explored through an accompanying working memory-based task. We hypothesised that colour-coded compartmentalised trays would improve drug-detection error, reduce search time, and reduce cognitive load. This comprised a cognitive load memory task presented alongside a visual search task to detect drug errors. Results: All 53 participants completed 36 trials, which were counterbalanced across the two tray types and 18 different vignettes. There were 16 error-present and 20 error-absent trials, with 18 trials presented for each preloaded tray type. Syringe errors were detected more often in the colour-coded trays than in the conventional trays (91% vs 83%, respectively;P=0.006). In signal detection analysis, colour-coded trays resulted in more sensitivity to the error signal (2.28 vs 1.50, respectively;P<0.001). Confidence in response accuracy correlated more strongly with task performance for the colour-coded tray condition, indicating improved metacognitive sensitivity to task performance (r=0.696 vs r=0.447). Conclusions: colour coding and compartmentalisation enhanced visual search efficacy of drug trays. This is further evidence that introducing standardised colour-coded trays into operating theatres and procedural suites would add an additional layer of safety for anaesthetic procedures.

关键词： cognitive load colour coding injectable medication error syringe trays visual search

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A simple system change to reduce delays in emergency calls for assistance during anaesthesia in the operating theatre

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BRITISH JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA 2024年第1期133卷 14-15页

作者： Webster, Craig S. Univ Auckland Sch Med Dept Anaesthesiol Auckland New Zealand Univ Auckland Ctr Med & Hlth Sci Educ Sch Med Auckland New Zealand

Promptly calling for assistance in an anaesthetic emergency is important. However, emergency call systems are not present in all locations where anaesthesia is administered, and in those that do have an emergency call system, the call button is often obscured by other equipment or in an unfamiliar location. Placing a red stripe from the ceiling, down the wall, to the emergency call button significantly reduces delays in activating an emergency call, demonstrating a simple but effective system change to the layout of operating theatres.

关键词： colour coding emergency calls human factors patient safety sentinel events

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Effects of colour-coded, compartmentalised syringe trays on anaesthetic drug error detection under cognitive load: the world through orange-tinted glasses. Comment on Br J Anaesth 2024;132: 911-7

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BRITISH JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA 2025年第4期134卷 1259-1260页

作者： Harding, Drew Chaggar, Rajinder Singh Northwick Pk Hosp & Clin Res Ctr Harrow England

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Standardising drug vial top colours to minimise medication errors in anaesthesia

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BRITISH JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA 2022年第6期128卷 E338-E339页

作者： Ankam, Abistanand Madabhushi, Praneeth Hsu, Michael Robert Packer Hosp Dept Anesthesiol Sayre PA USA

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Applications of Random Algebraic Constructions to Hardness of Approximation 62

Applications of Random Algebraic Constructions to Hardness o...

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62nd IEEE Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS)

作者： Bukh, Boris Karthik, C. S. Narayanan, Bhargav Carnegie Mellon Univ Dept Math Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA Rutgers State Univ Dept Comp Sci Piscataway NJ USA Rutgers State Univ Dept Math Piscataway NJ USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781665420556

In this paper, we show how one may (efficiently) construct two types of extremal combinatorial objects whose existence was previously conjectural. Panchromatic Graphs: For fixed k is an element of N, a k-panchromatic graph is, roughly speaking, a balanced bipartite graph with one partition class equipartitioned into k colour classes in which the common neighbourhoods of panchromatic k-sets of vertices are much larger than those of k-sets that repeat a colour. The question of their existence was raised by Karthik and Manurangsi [Combinatorica 2020]. Threshold Graphs: For fixed k is an element of N, a k-threshold graph is, roughly speaking, a balanced bipartite graph in which the common neighbourhoods of k-sets of vertices on one side are much larger than those of (k + 1)-sets. The question of their existence was raised by Lin [JACM 2018]. Concretely, we provide probability distributions over graphs from which we can efficiently sample these objects in near linear time. These probability distributions are defined via varieties cut out by (carefully chosen) random polynomials, and the analysis of these constructions relies on machinery from algebraic geometry (such as the Lang-Weil estimate, for example). The technical tools developed to accomplish this might be of independent interest. As applications of our constructions, we show the following conditional time lower bounds on the parameterized set intersection problem where, given a collection of n sets over universe [n] and a parameter k, the goal is to find k sets with the largest intersection. Assuming ETH, for any computable function F : N -> N, no n(o(k))-time algorithm can approximate the parameterized set intersection problem up to factor F(k). This improves considerably on the previously best-known result under ETH due to Lin [JACM 2018], who ruled out any n(o(root k)) time approximation algorithm for this problem. Assuming SETH, for every epsilon > 0 and any computable function F : N -> N, no n(k-epsilon)-ti

关键词： Hardness of Approximation Fine-Grained Complexity Parameterized Complexity colour coding Random Algebraic Construction

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