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11th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation

作者： Xiao, Litian Li, Mengyuan Gu, Ming Sun, Jiaguang Beijing Special Engn Design & Res Inst Beijing 100028 Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ KLISS TNList Sch Software Beijing 100084 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781479958252

The correctness of PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) program in automatic control is vital to this kind of safety-critical applications. In this paper, we present a useful method of combinational testing for correctness of PLC programs. The method is based on the denotational semantics of PLC program and the semantic functions for basic instructions. It establishes the definition of denotational semantics for PLC program. The function of denotational semantics is defined by extended lambda-calculus. It analyses adaptive problems of various tests for PLC embedded software and proposes a combinational testing framework based on simulation mechanism. The equivalent transforming module of PLC program is defined by means of test module composed with high-level language code segments, which have equivalent denotational semantics and partly include program diagnostic information. The framework can decompose a PLC program test into some small tests, and solve the test problem under the condition of boundary and utmost or no environment supporting. The validity of our method is shown by one example of experiments.

关键词： PLC program Denotational semantics Extended lambda-calculus combinational testing Test Agent

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Multi Rate LFSR/MISR for testing Efficiency 8

Multi Rate LFSR/MISR for Testing Efficiency

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8th IEEE International Conference for Convergence in Technology, I2CT 2023

作者： Sai Karthik, Chitluri Venkata Asrar Ali, Shaik Devi, Arumilli Anjani Ruchith, Gandla Reddy, B Veera Gokaraju Rangaraju Institute of Engineering and Technology Electronics and Communication Hyderabad India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350334012

The power requirements of a chip during a manufacturing test may significantly exceed those of the final product. This increase in power consumption can be largely attributed to the on-chip generation of extremely random test patterns and the resulting expansion in delay. Expertise in low-power test stimulus production for all types of IC testing, including but not limited to external, internal, and embedded, is needed. Abstract In this work, we present a novel MR-LFSR/MISR for high-throughput BIST architecture that is capable of producing results in parallel across many clock periods. In order to accomplish fast tasks, the proposed work introduces a brand-new architecture. These BIST designs can detect a single stuck-at fault in a combinational circuit. This work was done in Xilinx ISE Design Suite 14.4, which is where the Verilog simulations and Vivado syntheses were executed. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： BIST Bit swapping LFSR combinational testing LFSR Single stuck-at fault

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Automatic Virtual Test Technology for Intelligent Driving Systems Considering Both Coverage and Efficiency

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY 2020年第12期69卷 14365-14376页

作者： Gao, Feng Duan, Jianli Han, Zaidao He, Yingdong Chongqing Univ Sch Automot Engn Chongqing 400044 Peoples R China Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Sichuan Res Inst Chengdu 610200 Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ Sch Vehicle & Mobil Beijing 100000 Peoples R China Univ Michigan Mech Engn Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA

The testing of the intelligent driving systems is faced with the challenges of efficiency because real traffic scenarios are infinite, uncontrollable and difficult to be precisely defined. Based on the complexity index of scenario that designed to measure the test effect indirectly, a new combinational testing algorithm of test cases generation is proposed to make a balance among multiple objects including test coverage, the number of test cases and test effect. Then a joint simulation platform based on Matlab, PreScan and Carsim is built up to realize the construction of 3D test environment, execution of test scenarios and evaluation of test results automatically and seamlessly. The strategy proposed in this paper is validated by applying it to a traffic jam pilot system. The result shows that the proposed strategy can improve the overall complexity of the designed test scenarios effectively, which can help us detect system faults faster and easier. And the time required to conduct tests is reduced obviously by means of automation.

关键词： testing Mathematical model Complexity theory Analytical models Solid modeling Matlab Three-dimensional displays Autonomous vehicles intelligent driving systems model-in-the-loop testing automatic test and evaluation combinational testing

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A reduced l₂-l₁ model with an alternating minimisation algorithm for support recovery of multiple measurement vectors

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IET SIGNAL PROCESSING 2013年第2期7卷 112-119页

作者： Du, Xinpeng Chen, Daiqiang Cheng, Lizhi Natl Univ Def Technol Coll Sci Dept Math & Syst Sci Changsha 410073 Hunan Peoples R China

The authors address the problem of support recovery with multiple measurement vectors (MMV) in this study. The scale of an MMV is reduced by using the singular value decomposition technique, and a novel l(2)-l(1) minimisation model with two variables for the reduced MMV is proposed. Then a new alternating minimisation algorithm based on the alternating direction method of multipliers is presented. They prove the globally convergence property of the presented algorithm. Several numerical simulations both on random data and for direction-of-arrival estimation are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method for support recovery of MMV.

关键词： combinational testing random data SUPPORT RECOVERY Multiplying circuits

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IMPROVED ESTIMATION OF SEM PARAMETERS FROM MULTIPLE OBSERVATIONS

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY 1988年第2期30卷 145-153页

作者： PARK, SW CORDARO, JT SANDIA NATL LABS DIV 2344ALBUQUERQUENM 87185

A two-step technique for the estimation of singularity expansion method (SEM) parameters is described. The first step uses the iterative preprocessing algorithm (IPA) to estimate poles from noisy transient data. Errors in the estimated poles are reduced when the IPA is extended and applied to multiple measurements. For the second step, an iterative scheme for estimating the remaining SEM parameters is proposed. The results provide a way to estimate the SEM description of a scatterer from multiple measurements taken at different locations and with different directions of incidence. For large-to-moderate signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and Gaussian noise, these estimates meet the Cramer-Rao lower bound and thus have the minimum variance of any unbiased estimator.

关键词： First Step parameters Scanning Electron Microscope combinational testing transient data Iterative Unbiased estimator Isopropyl Alcohol Gaussian noise

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A new method to measure Bowen ratios using high-resolution vertical dry and wet bulb temperature profiles

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HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES 2014年第6期18卷 2021-2032页

作者： Euser, T. Luxemburg, W. M. J. Everson, C. S. Mengistu, M. G. Clulow, A. D. Bastiaanssen, W. G. M. Delft Univ Technol Water Resources Sect NL-2628 CN Delft Netherlands Univ KwaZulu Natal Sch Agr Earth & Environm Sci Ctr Water Resources Res ZA-3209 Pietermaritzburg South Africa

The Bowen ratio surface energy balance method is a relatively simple method to determine the latent heat flux and the actual land surface evaporation. The Bowen ratio method is based on the measurement of air temperature and vapour pressure gradients. If these measurements are performed at only two heights, correctness of data becomes critical. In this paper we present the concept of a new measurement method to estimate the Bowen ratio based on vertical dry and wet bulb temperature profiles with high spatial resolution. A short field experiment with distributed temperature sensing (DTS) in a fibre optic cable with 13 measurement points in the vertical was undertaken. A dry and a wetted section of a fibre optic cable were suspended on a 6 m high tower installed over a sugar beet trial plot near Pietermaritzburg (South Africa). Using the DTS cable as a psychrometer, a near continuous observation of vapour pressure and air temperature at 0.20 m intervals was established. These data allowed the computation of the Bowen ratio with a high spatial and temporal precision. The daytime latent and sensible heat fluxes were estimated by combining the Bowen ratio values from the DTS-based system with independent measurements of net radiation and soil heat flux. The sensible heat flux, which is the relevant term to evaluate, derived from the DTS-based Bowen ratio (BR-DTS) was compared with that derived from co-located eddy covariance (R-2 = 0.91), surface layer scintillometer (R-2 = 0.81) and surface renewal (R-2 = 0.86) systems. By using multiple measurement points instead of two, more confidence in the derived Bowen ratio values is obtained.

关键词： measure Bowen ratios air temperature wet bulb Fiber optical cable Heat flux Sensible heat transfer temperature profiles Bowen Ratio vertical Vapor Pressure combinational testing

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Metabolic control analysis of inhibitory feedback interaction: Application to biotechnological processes

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JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY 1996年第3期182卷 405-410页

作者： Torres, NV UNIV LA LAGUNA FAC BIOL DEPT BIOQUIM & BIOL MOL GRP TECNOL BIOQUIM & CONTROL METAB LA LAGUNA 38206 TENERIFE SPAIN

Based on a simplified model of a linear metabolic pathway (Kacser & Burns, 1973), and on the principles of Metabolic Control Analysis, an equation useful for predicting the maximum flux through a system after removing inhibitory feedback interaction is presented. The analysis shows that only when the flux control coefficient of the inhibited enzyme is significant (greater than 0.5) is it worthwhile to act on the regulatory features of the feedback interaction. The approach is then applied to a case study and the magnitude of the flux increase and the quality of the prediction studied in two different profiles of flux control coefficients. (C) 1996 Academic Press Limited.

关键词： Determining elasticities Multiple measurements Enzyme-activities Linear treatment Flux rates Systems Responses Effectors Metabolic Control Neutron flux Effectors Feedback flux control maximum flux combinational testing Enzymatic activity control factor

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Extending double modulation: Combinatorial rules for identifying the modulations necessary for determining elasticities in metabolic pathways

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JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY 1996年第3期182卷 361-369页

作者： Giersch, C CornishBowden, A CNRS INST FEDERAT BIOL STRUCT & MICROBIOL CHIM BACTERIENNE LAB F-13402 MARSEILLE FRANCE

The double modulation method for determining the elasticities of pathway enzymes, originally devised by Kacser & Burns (Biochem. Sec. Trans. 7, 1149-1160, 1979), is extended to pathways of complex topological structure, including branching and feedback loops. An explicit system of linear equations for the unknown elasticities is derived. The constraints imposed on this linear system imply that modulations of more than one enzyme are not necessarily independent. Simple combinatorial rules are described for identifying without using any algebra the set of independent modulations that allow the determination of the elasticities of any enzyme. By repeated application, the minimum numbers of modulations required to determine the elasticities of all enzymes of a given pathway can be determined. The procedure is illustrated with numerous examples. (C) 1996 Academic Press Limited.

关键词： Multiple measurements Control coefficients Flux rates Neutron flux combinational testing DOUBLE Metabolic Pathways Enzymes Linear system elasticity Rule topological structure WWOX gene Linear system of equations Pathway

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Angular mean and variance for selected two-source radar-target combinations

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS 2002年第3期38卷 1038-1046页

作者： Schober, MB Raytheon Co Tucson AZ 85734 USA

Angle tracking of the desired target in the presence of interference is a common radar problem. It can occur when the desired target is competing with a jammer, clutter, or multipath. Angle statistics can vary significantly for a tracking radar depending upon the nature of this interference. The angular mean and variance are presented for three different statistical two-target types for single and multiple measurements. Previously derived values are presented for completeness in conjunction with derivations not found in the open literature. The signal-to-noise ratio is assumed to be large so that the effects of receiver noise may be neglected.

关键词： jamming multipath channels radar clutter radar interference radar receivers radar tracking target tracking angle tracking angular mean angular variance clutter interference jammer multipath multiple measurements radar problem receiver noise signal-to-noi radar clutter receiver noise Radar receivers Target tracking Multipath channels radar target tracking jammers angle tracking clutter combinational testing Variance

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Emissions from oil and gas operations in the United States and their air quality implications

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JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION 2016年第12期66卷 1165-1170页

作者： Kleinman, Michael T. Mueller, Gary R. Stevenson, Eric Alvarez, Ramon Marchese, Anthony J. Allen, David Univ Calif Irvine Div Environm & Occupat Med Dept Med 100 TheorySte 100 Irvine CA 92697 USA Shell Global Solut Inc Shell Projects & Technol US Houston TX USA Bay Area Air Qual Management Dist San Francisco CA USA Environm Def Fund Austin TX USA Colorado State Univ Dept Mech Engn Ft Collins CO 80523 USA Univ Texas Austin Dept Chem Engn Austin TX 78712 USA Univ Texas Austin Ctr Energy & Environm Resources Austin TX 78712 USA

The energy supply infrastructure in the United States has been changing dramatically over the past decade. Increased production of oil and natural gas, particularly from shale resources using horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing, made the United States the world’s largest producer of oil and natural gas in 2014. This review examines air quality impacts, specifically, changes in greenhouse gas, criteria air pollutant, and air toxics emissions from oil and gas production activities that are a result of these changes in energy supplies and use. National emission inventories indicate that volatile organic compound (VOC) and nitrogen oxide (NO_x) emissions from oil and gas supply chains in the United States have been increasing significantly, whereas emission inventories for greenhouse gases have seen slight declines over the past decade. These emission inventories are based on counts of equipment and operational activities (activity factors), multiplied by average emission factors, and therefore are subject to uncertainties in these factors. Although uncertainties associated with activity data and missing emission source types can be significant, multiple recent measurement studies indicate that the greatest uncertainties are associated with emission factors. In many source categories, small groups of devices or sites, referred to as super-emitters, contribute a large fraction of emissions. When super-emitters are accounted for, multiple measurement approaches, at multiple scales, produce similar results for estimated emissions. Challenges moving forward include identifying super-emitters and reducing their emission magnitudes. Work done to date suggests that both equipment malfunction and operational practices can be important. Finally, although most of this review focuses on emissions from energy supply infrastructures, the regional air quality implications of some coupled energy production and use scenarios are examined. These case studies suggest t

关键词： HORIZONTAL DRILLING combinational testing INFRASTRUCTURE Greenhouse gases EMISSION INVENTORY Oil and gas operations emission source oils Air quality Device Failure Emissions emission factor Power production energy supply

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