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A domain-specific language for the control of self-adaptive component-based architecture

JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE 2017年 130卷 94-112页

作者： Alvares, Frederico Rutten, Eric Seinturier, Lionel IMT Atlantique Nantes France Inria Nantes France LS2N Nantes France Univ Grenoble Alpes CNRS Inria LIG Grenoble France Univ Lille 1 Lille France Inria Lille France

Self-adaptive behaviours in the context of component-based architecture are generally designed based on past monitoring events, configurations (component assemblies) as well as behavioural programs defining the adaptation logics and invariant properties. Providing assurances on the navigation through the configuration space remains a challenge. That requires taking decisions on predictions on the possible futures of the system in order to avoid going into branches of the behavioural program leading to bad configurations. We propose the design of self-adaptive software components based on logical discrete control approaches, in which the self-adaptive behavioural models enrich component controllers with a knowledge not only on events, configurations and past history, but also with possible future configurations. This article provides the description, implementation and discussion of Ctrl-F, a Domain-specific Language whose objective is to provide high-level support for describing these control policies. Ctrl-Fis formally defined by translation to Finite State Automata models, which allow for the exploration of behavioural programs by verification or Discrete Controller Synthesis, i.e., by automatically generating a controller to enforce correct self-adaptive behaviours. We integrate Ctrl-F with FraSCAti, a Service component architecture middleware platform and we illustrate the use of Ctrl-Fby applying it to two case studies. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： component-based architecture Self-adaptation Discrete control

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component-based architectural regression test selection for modularized software systems

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS architecture 2025年 160卷

作者： Al-Refai, Mohammed Hammad, Mahmoud M. Jordan Univ Sci & Technol Comp Sci Comp & Informat Technol POB 3030 Irbid 22110 Jordan Jordan Univ Sci & Technol Software Engn Comp & Informat Technol POB 3030 Irbid 22110 Jordan

Regression testing is an essential part of software development, but it can be costly and require significant computational resources. Regression Test Selection (RTS) improves regression testing efficiency by only re- executing the tests that have been affected by code changes. Recently, dynamic and static RTS techniques for Java projects showed that selecting tests at a coarser granularity, class-level, is more effective than selecting tests at a finer granularity, method- or statement-level. However, prior techniques are mainly considering Java object-oriented projects but not modularized Java projects. Given the explicit support of architectural constructs introduced by the Java Platform Module System (JPMS) in the ninth edition of Java, these research efforts are not customized for component-based Java projects. To that end, we propose two static component- based RTS approaches called CORTS and its variant C2RTS tailored for component-based Java software systems. CORTS leverages the architectural information such as components and ports, specified in the module descriptor files, to construct module-level dependency graph and identify relevant tests. The variant, C2RTS, is a hybrid approach in which it integrates analysis at both the module and class levels, employing module descriptor files and compile-time information to construct the dependency graph and identify relevant tests. We evaluated CORTS and C2RTS on 1200 revisions of 12 real-world open source software systems, and compared the results with those of class-level dynamic (Ekstazi) and static (STARTS) RTS approaches. The results showed that CORTS and C2RTS outperformed the static class-level RTS in terms of safety violation that measures to what extent an RTS technique misses test cases that should be selected. Using Ekstazi as the baseline, the average safety violation with respect to Ekstazi was 1.14% for CORTS, 2.21% for C2RTS, and 3.19% for STARTS. On the other hand, the results showed that CORTS an

关键词： Regression test selection Static analysis component-based architecture Java platform module system Software architecture

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An Event-B-based Approach to Model and Verify Behaviors for component-based Applications

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COMPUTER JOURNAL 2022年第10期65卷 2780-2800页

作者： Mammar, Amel Hamel, Lazhar Graiet, Mohamed Inst Polytech Paris Telecom SudParis SAMOVAR F-91025 Evry France Univ Monastir BP 56 Ave Taher Hadded Monastir 5000 Tunisia

Many disciplines have adopted component-based principles to avail themselves of the many advantages they bring, especially component reusability. In a short time, the component-based architecture became a renown branch in the IT world and the center of interest of many researchers. Much work has been conducted in this context for the verification of component-based applications (CBAs). However, the main focus has been on the structural aspect of such compositions, while the behavioral aspect has seldom been dealt with. In this paper, our goal is to close this gap and propose a formal approach to verify the behavioral correctness of CBAs. We first define a set of requirements to be satisfied by the structure and the behavior of a CBA, represented by a set of interactions that may occur between their components. Then, we build a formal Event-B model to represent these requirements in a rigorous and non-ambiguous way. The use of the Event-B refinement technique allows us to master the complexity of CBAs by introducing their elements in an incremental manner. The correctness of the development is ensured by establishing a set of proof obligations, under the Rodin platform, and also by animating it with the ProB animator/model checker. The approach is illustrated by a running example.

关键词： component-based architecture formal verification behavioral correctness Event-B refinement

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Quantifying Software Correctness by Combining architecture Modeling and Formal Program Analysis 24

Quantifying Software Correctness by Combining Architecture M...

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39th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing (SAC)

作者： Lanzinger, Florian Martin, Christian Reiche, Frederik Teuber, Samuel Heinrich, Robert Weigl, Alexander Karlsruhe Inst Technol Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798400702433

Most formal methods see the correctness of a software system as a binary decision. However, proving the correctness of complex systems completely is difficult because they are composed of multiple components, usage scenarios, and environments. We present Quac, a modular approach for quantifying the correctness of service-oriented software systems by combining software architecture modeling with deductive verification. Our approach is based on a model of the service-oriented architecture and the probabilistic usage scenarios of the system. The correctness of a single service is approximated by a coverage region, which is a formula describing which inputs for that service are proven to not lead to an erroneous execution. The coverage regions can be determined by a combination of various analyses, e.g., formal verification, expert estimations, or testing. The coverage regions and the software model are then combined into a probabilistic program. From this, we can compute the probability that under a given usage profile no service is called outside its coverage region. We also present an implementation of Quac for Java using the modeling tool Palladio and the deductive verification tool KeY. We demonstrate its usability by applying it to a software simulation of an energy system.

关键词： Service-oriented architecture component-based architecture architecture modeling Deductive verification Quantitative verification architecture simulation Software reliability estimation

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Cross-component Issue Metamodel and Modelling Language 11

Cross-Component Issue Metamodel and Modelling Language

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11th International Conference on Cloud Computing and Services Science (CLOSER)

作者： Speth, Sandro Becker, Steffen Breitenbuecher, Uwe Univ Stuttgart Inst Software Engn Univ Str 38 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany Univ Stuttgart Inst Architecture Applicat Syst Univ Str 38 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9789897585104

Software systems are often built out of distributed components developed by independent teams. As a result, issues of these components, such as bugs or feature requests, are typically managed in separate, isolated issue management systems. As a result, it is hard to keep an overview of issues affecting issues of other components. Managing issues in a component-specific scope comes with significant problems in the development process since managing such cross-component issues is error-prone and time-consuming. Therefore, the cross-component issue management system Gropius was developed in previous work, which is a tool for integrated cross-component issue management that acts as a wrapper across the independent components' issue management systems. This paper introduces the underlying metamodel of Gropius in detail and presents the graphical modelling language implemented by Gropius.

关键词： Issue Management Integration component-based architecture Bug Tracking Modelling Language

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Leveraging React components in Business Process Management (BPM) Applications

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2024年第4期12卷 86-94页

作者： Ashok Reddy Annaram Department of ECM (Electronics and Computers Engineering) Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad India

As organizations increasingly embrace digital transformation, the integration of modern web technologies like *** with Business Process Management (BPM) applications has become essential. React components offer flexibility, reusability, and scalability, making them ideal for enhancing user interfaces and driving user engagement within BPM environments. This article explores the benefits, challenges, and best practices of leveraging React components in BPM applications, along with real-world examples of successful implementations.

关键词： React.js Digital Transformation User Interface (UI) Development component-based architecture Declarative UI Development User Experience (UX) Reusability Modularity Integration Customization Developer Productivity Legacy System Integration

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Gropius - A Tool for Managing Cross-component Issues 14th

Gropius - A Tool for Managing Cross-component Issues

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14th European Conference on Software architecture (ECSA)

作者： Speth, Sandro Breitenbuecher, Uwe Becker, Steffen Univ Stuttgart Inst Software Engn Stuttgart Germany Univ Stuttgart Inst Architecture Applicat Syst Stuttgart Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783030591540;9783030591557

Modern software systems often are structured as distributed component-based architectures, such as microservice architectures. However, such systems come with significant challenges in cross-component issue management. Each component usually manages its issues in an independent issue management system, and conventional issue management systems only have a project-specific scope. Therefore, issues that affect multiple components or propagate across various components cannot be displayed. Furthermore, issues cannot be linked semantically to issues in other components. Instead, emergency solutions, such as a URL to the other issue, must be used. This makes it challenging to recognize cross-component dependency information. This paper presents Gropius, a tool for integrated management of cross-component issues. Gropius graphically models such cross-component issues together with the system architecture in a notation similar to a UML component diagram. Additionally, other research and industry efforts to manage such issues are discussed and compared to Gropius.

关键词： Issue management Integration Service-oriented architecture component-based architecture Bug tracking Microservices

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Artificial intelligence moving serious gaming: Presenting reusable game AI components

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EDUCATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES 2020年第1期25卷 351-380页

作者： Westera, Wim Prada, Rui Mascarenhas, Samuel Santos, Pedro A. Dias, Joao Guimaraes, Manuel Georgiadis, Konstantinos Nyamsuren, Enkhbold Bahreini, Kiavash Yumak, Zerrin Christyowidiasmoro, Chris Dascalu, Mihai Gutu-Robu, Gabriel Ruseti, Stefan Open Univ Netherlands POB 2960 NL-6401 DL Heerlen Netherlands INESC ID Rua Alves Redol 9 P-1000029 Lisbon Portugal Univ Lisbon Inst Super Tecn Ave Rovisco Pais 1 P-1049001 Lisbon Portugal Univ Utrecht Game Res Dept Informat & Comp Sci POB 80-089 NL-3508 TB Utrecht Netherlands Univ Politehn Bucuresti Splaiul Independentei 313Sect 6 RO-060042 Bucharest Romania

This article provides a comprehensive overview of artificial intelligence (AI) for serious games. Reporting about the work of a European flagship project on serious game technologies, it presents a set of advanced game AI components that enable pedagogical affordances and that can be easily reused across a wide diversity of game engines and game platforms. Serious game AI functionalities include player modelling (real-time facial emotion recognition, automated difficulty adaptation, stealth assessment), natural language processing (sentiment analysis and essay scoring on free texts), and believable non-playing characters (emotional and socio-cultural, non-verbal bodily motion, and lip-synchronised speech), respectively. The reuse of these components enables game developers to develop high quality serious games at reduced costs and in shorter periods of time. All these components are open source software and can be freely downloaded from the newly launched portal at ***. The components come with detailed installation manuals and tutorial videos. All components have been applied and validated in serious games that were tested with real end-users.

关键词： Serious games Artificial intelligence Software reuse Game development component-based architecture Intelligent tutoring systems

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Generic input template for cloud simulators: A case study of CloudSim

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SOFTWARE-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE 2019年第5期49卷 720-747页

作者： Jammal, Manar Hawilo, Hassan Kanso, Ali Shami, Abdallah Western Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn London ON N6A 3K7 Canada IBM Res Thomas J Watson Res Ctr Yorktown Hts NY USA

Cloud computing and its service models, such as Platform as a Service (PaaS), have changed the way that computing resources are allocated to Information and Communications Technology enterprises and users. Although multiple cloud providers support dynamic service provisioning, it is necessary to facilitate the management of the cloud infrastructure and applications in order to allow the continuous refinement of cloud models. Therefore, issues are raised regarding the cloud orchestration, including the flexible portability and interoperability of cloud applications among multiple cloud providers. Having said that, there is a need for a standardized design and management of the cloud use cases (during the creation of scenarios, application's deployment, and patching) to ensure efficient applications' migration between different providers. This paper proposes an artifact, GITS, a generic input template for CloudSim and other cloud simulators. GITS can be provided by PaaS offering to manage the creation, monitoring, administration, and patching of infrastructure and applications in the cloud. GITS defines the cloud schema that can be used with conforming cloud models and independent cloud providers;thus, portability and interoperability can be enabled in PaaS cloud models. GITS focuses on the architecture-based modeling for cloud infrastructure and application not only in terms of computational resources but also in terms of high availability properties associated with infrastructure and applications. The main objective of the GITS template is to provide the cloud user with a modular, simple, readable, and reusable model that still supports the essential components and provide them with the ability to control the applications' execution, deployment, and other management needs in addition to the allocation environment. This paper describes GITS usage, specifically as an input template for CloudSim.

关键词： CloudSim cloud applications cloud management cloud simulators component-based architecture domain-specific language failures GMF Heat high availability JSON OpenStack orchestration recovery redundancy software components XML

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Model-based Software Engineering: Methodologies for Model-Code Synchronization in Reactive System Development

Model-Based Software Engineering: Methodologies for Model-Co...

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作者： Van Cam Pham Universite Paris-Saclay

学位级别：博士

Model-based Software Engineering (MBSE) has been proposed as a promising software development methodology to overcome limitations of traditional programming- based methodology in dealing with the complexity of embedded systems. MBSE promotes the use of modeling languages for describing systems in an abstract way and provides means for automatically generating different development artifacts, e. g. code and documentation, from models. The development of a complex system often involves multiple stakeholders who use different tools to modify the development artifacts, model and code in particular in this thesis. Artifact modifications must be kept consistent: a synchronization process needs to propagate modifications made in one artifact to the other artifacts. In this study, the problem of synchronizing Unified Modeling Language (UML)-based architecture models, specified by UML composite structure (UML-CS) and UML state machine (UML-SM) elements, and object-oriented code is presented. UML-CSs are used for describing the component-based software architecture and UML-SMs for discrete event- driven behaviors of reactive systems. The first challenge is to enable a collaboration between software architects and programmers producing model and code by using different tools. This raises the synchronization problem of concurrent artifact modifications. In fact, there is a perception gap between diagram-based languages (modeling languages) and text-based languages (programming languages). On the one hand, programmers often prefer to use the more familiar combination of a programming language and an Integrated Development Environment. On the other hand, software architects, working at higher levels of abstrac- tion, tend to favor the use of models, and therefore prefer diagram-based languages for describing the architecture of the system. The second challenge is that there is a signif- icant abstraction gap between the model elements and the code elements: UML-CS and UML-SM elem

关键词： UML model-based software engineering architecture model UML state machines composite structures component-based architecture model-code synchronization code generation reverse engineering software architects programmers

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