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Efficient modeling and optimizing of checkpointing in concurrent component-based software systems

JOURNAL OF systems AND software 2018年 139卷 1-13页

作者： Bajunaid, Noor Menasce, Daniel A. George Mason Univ Dept Comp Sci Fairfax VA 22030 USA

A common mechanism to improve availability and performance is checkpointing and rollback. When it is time to checkpoint, a system stores a job's state to nonvolatile memory, and, when a failure occurs, it rolls back to the latest stored state instead of restarting the job from the beginning, thus improving performance in the presence of failures. Too frequent checkpointing reduces the amount of work to be redone in case of failures but generates excessive overhead, degrading performance. This paper presents a novel and very efficient queuing network model that addresses software component contention for hardware resources and shows how it can be used to model checkpointing in heterogeneous component-based software systems. We validated this model against a previous model, developed by the authors, that used Markov Chains. Our new model is orders of magnitude faster than the previous one and can be used to plan for checkpointing at run-time. As an additional contribution of this paper, we present an optimizer to find, for each software component, the optimal checkpointing interval that minimizes execution time, maximizes availability, or minimizes checkpointing overhead. (c) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Checkpointing Performance modeling Markov Chains Mean value analysis Concurrent and heterogeneous component-based software systems

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Analyzing and visualizing information flow in heterogeneous component-based software systems

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INFORMATION AND software TECHNOLOGY 2016年第Sep.期77卷 34-55页

作者： Moonen, Leon Yazdanshenas, Amir Reza Simula Res Lab Oslo Norway Testify AS Oslo Norway

Context: component-based software engineering is aimed at managing the complexity of large-scale software development by composing systems from reusable parts. To understand or validate the behavior of such a system, one needs to understand the components involved in combination with understanding how they are configured and composed. This becomes increasingly difficult when components are implemented in various programming languages, and composition is specified in external artifacts. Moreover, tooling that supports in-depth system-wide analysis of such heterogeneous systems is lacking. Objective: This paper contributes a method to analyze and visualize information flow in a component based system at various levels of abstraction. These visualizations are designed to support the comprehension needs of both safety domain experts and software developers for, respectively, certification and evolution of safety-critical cyber-physical systems. Method: We build system-wide dependence graphs and use static program slicing to determine all possible end-to-end information flows through and across a system's components. We define a hierarchy of five abstractions over these information flows that reduce visual distraction and cognitive overload, while satisfying the users' information needs. We improve on our earlier work to provide interconnected views that support both systematic, as well as opportunistic navigation scenarios. Results: We discuss the design and implementation of our approach and the resulting views in a prototype tool called FlowTracker. We summarize the results of a qualitative evaluation study, carried out via two rounds of interview, on the effectiveness and usability of these views. We discuss a number of improvements, such as more selective information presentations, that resulted from the evaluation. Conclusion: The evaluation shows that the proposed approach and views are useful for understanding and validating heterogeneous component-based systems,

关键词： Information flow analysis component-based software systems Model reconstruction Program comprehension software visualization

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Reliability prediction for component-based software systems: Dealing with concurrent and propagating errors

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SCIENCE OF COMPUTER PROGRAMMING 2015年第Part4期97卷 426-457页

作者： Thanh-Trung Pham Defago, Xavier Quyet-Thang Huynh Japan Adv Inst Sci & Technol JAIST Sch Informat Sci Nomi Ishikawa Japan Hanoi Univ Sci & Technol Sch Informat & Commun Technol Hanoi Vietnam

One of the most important quality attributes of a software system beyond its functional attributes is its reliability. Techniques for predicting reliability of a software system based on the design models can help software architects in evaluating the impact of their design decisions on the system reliability. This can help to make the system more reliable and avoid costs for fixing the implementation. However, existing reliability prediction approaches for component-based software systems are limited in their applicability because they either neglect or do not support modeling explicitly several factors which influence the system reliability: (i) error propagation, (ii) software fault tolerance mechanisms, and (iii) concurrently present errors. In this paper, we present a reliability modeling and prediction approach for component-based software systems that considers explicitly these reliability-relevant factors. Our approach offers a reliability modeling schema whose models are automatically transformed by our reliability prediction tool into Markov models for reliability predictions and sensitivity anajyses. We evaluate our approach in two case studies with reliability predictions and sensitivity analyses. Via these two case studies, we demonstrate its applicability in supporting design decisions. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Reliability modeling and prediction component-based software systems Error propagation software fault tolerance mechanisms Concurrently present errors

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Reengineering component-based software systems with Archimetrix

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software AND systems MODELING 2014年第4期13卷 1239-1268页

作者： von Detten, Markus Platenius, Marie Christin Becker, Steffen Univ Paderborn Software Engn Grp Heinz Nixdorf Inst D-33098 Paderborn Germany

Many software development, planning, or analysis tasks require an up-to-date software architecture documentation. However, this documentation is often outdated, unavailable, or at least not available as a formal model which analysis tools could use. Reverse engineering methods try to fill this gap. However, as they process the system's source code, they are easily misled by design deficiencies (e.g., violations of component encapsulation) which leaked into the code during the system's evolution. Despite the high impact of design deficiencies on the quality of the resulting software architecture models, none of the surveyed related works is able to cope with them during the reverse engineering process. Therefore, we have developed the Archimetrix approach which semiautomatically recovers the system's concrete architecture in a formal model while simultaneously detecting and removing design deficiencies. We have validated Archimetrix on a case study system and two implementation variants of the CoCoME benchmark system. Results show that the removal of relevant design deficiencies leads to an architecture model which more closely matches the system's conceptual architecture.

关键词： Reengineering Reverse engineering software architecture component-based software systems

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Increasing Dependability of component-based software systems by Online Failure Prediction

Increasing Dependability of Component-based Software Systems...

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10th European Dependable Computing Conference (EDCC)

作者： Pitakrat, Teerat van Hoorn, Andre Grunske, Lars Univ Stuttgart Inst Software Technol D-70569 Stuttgart Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781479938032

Online failure prediction for large-scale software systems is a challenging task. One reason is the complex structure of many-partially inter-dependent-hardware and software components. State-of-the-art approaches use separate prediction models for parameters of interest or a monolithic prediction model which includes different parameters of all components. However, they have problems when dealing with evolving systems. In this paper, we propose our preliminary research work on online failure prediction targeting large-scale component-based software systems. For the prediction, three complementary types of models are used: (i) an architectural model captures relevant properties of hardware and software components as well as dependencies among them;(ii) for each component, a prediction model captures the current state of a component and predicts independent component failures in the future;(iii) a system-level prediction model represents the current state of the system and-using the component-level prediction models and information on dependencies-allows to predict failures and analyze impacts of architectural system changes for proactive failure management.

关键词： dependability online failure prediction component-based software systems monitoring models at runtime

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Early performance assessment in component-based software systems

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IET software 2013年第2期7卷 118-128页

作者： Karimpour, Jaber Isazadeh, Ayaz Izadkhah, Habib Univ Tabriz Fac Math Sci Dept Comp Sci Tabriz Iran

Most techniques used to assess the qualitative characteristics of software are done in testing phase of software development. Assessment of performance in the early software development process is particularly important to risk management. software architecture, as the first product, plays an important role in the development of the complex software systems. Using software architecture, quality attributes (such as performance, reliability and security) can be evaluated at the early stages of the software development. In this study, the authors present a framework for taking the advantages of architectural description to evaluate software performance. To do so, the authors describe static structure and architectural behaviour of a software system as the sequence diagram and the component diagram of the Unified Modelling Language (UML), respectively;then, the described model is automatically converted into the 'interface automata', which provides the formal foundation for the evaluation. Finally, the evaluation of architectural performance is performed using 'queuing theory'. The proposed framework can help the software architect to choose an appropriate architecture in terms of quality or remind him/her of making necessary changes in the selected architecture. The main difference among the proposed method and other methods is that the proposed method benefits the informal description methods, such as UML, to describe the architecture of software systems;it also enjoys a formal and lightweight language, called 'interface automata' to provide the infrastructure for verification and evaluation.

关键词： automata theory object-oriented programming queueing theory software architecture software performance evaluation software quality Unified Modeling Language early performance assessment component-based software systems software qualitative characteristics testing phase early software development process risk management software architecture software performance evaluation static structure sequence diagram component diagram unified modelling language UML interface automata formal foundation queuing theory informal description methods formal language lightweight language software verification software reliability software security automata theory object-oriented programming queueing theory software architecture software performance evaluation software quality Unified Modeling Language early performance assessment component-based software systems software qualitative characteristics testing phase early software development process risk management software architecture software performance evaluation static structure sequence diagram component diagram unified modelling language UML interface automata formal foundation queuing theory informal description methods formal language lightweight language software verification software reliability software security

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Hora: Architecture-aware online failure prediction

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JOURNAL OF systems AND software 2018年 137卷 669-685页

作者： Pitakrat, Teerat Okanovic, Dusan van Hoorn, Andre Grunske, Lars Univ Stuttgart Inst Software Technol Reliable Software Syst Stuttgart Germany Humboldt Univ Dept Comp Sci Software Engn Berlin Germany

Complex software systems experience failures at runtime even though a lot of effort is put into the development and operation. Reactive approaches detect these failures after they have occurred and already caused serious consequences. In order to execute proactive actions, the goal of online failure prediction is to detect these failures in advance by monitoring the quality of service or the system events. Current failure prediction approaches look at the system or individual components as a monolith without considering the architecture of the system. They disregard the fact that the failure in one component can propagate through the system and cause problems in other components. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical online failure prediction approach, called HORA, which combines component failure predictors with architectural knowledge. The failure propagation is modeled using Bayesian networks which incorporate both prediction results and component dependencies extracted from the architectural models. Our approach is evaluated using Netflix's server-side distributed RSS reader application to predict failures caused by three representative types of faults: memory leak, system overload, and sudden node crash. We compare HORA to a monolithic approach and the results show that our approach can improve the area under the ROC curve by 9.9%. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.

关键词： Online failure prediction Reliability component-based software systems

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Response-Time Analysis for Task Chains with Complex Precedence and Blocking Relations

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ACM TRANSACTIONS ON EMBEDDED COMPUTING systems 2017年第5-Sup期16卷 172-172页

作者： Schlatow, Johannes Ernst, Rolf TU Braunschweig Inst Comp & Network Engn Hans Sommer Str 66 D-38106 Braunschweig Germany

For the development of complex software systems, we often resort to component-based approaches that separate the different concerns, enhance verifiability and reusability, and for which microkernel-based implementations are a good fit to enforce these concepts. Composing such a system of several interacting software components will, however, lead to complex precedence and blocking relations, which must be taken into account when performing latency analysis. When modelling these systems by classical task graphs, some of these effects are obfuscated and tend to render such an analysis either overly pessimistic or even optimistic. We therefore firstly present a novel task (meta-) model that is more expressive and accurate w.r.t. these (functional) precedence and mutual blocking relations. Secondly, we apply the busy-window approach and formulate a modular response-time analysis on task-chain level suitable but not restricted to static-priority scheduled systems. We show that the conjunction of both concepts allows the calculation of reasonably tight latency bounds for scenarios not adequately covered by related work.

关键词： response-time analysis component-based software systems service-oriented architectures

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Agility evaluation for component-based software systems

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JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2007年第6期23卷 1769-1783页

作者： Wang, Zhong-Jie Xu, Xiao-Fei Zhan, De-Chen Harbin Inst Technol Sch Comp Sci & Technol Res Ctr Intelligent Comp Enterprises & Serv Harbin Peoples R China

Frequent modifications on component-based software systems are required to accommodate to the rapid changes of external requirements, and the ability of agilely adapt to changes is considered as an important metrics for these systems. Aiming at this problem, our main concern is to present an agility evaluation method for component-based systems. In this method, interior structure of a component is explored and dependencies between features (as the basic units of components) are considered as the essential causes for change propagation between components. Then, the diversities between different types of dependencies are strictly clarified and defined as change dependency degree, with change propagation graph and reachability matrix adopted to precisely measure agility. Several quantitative metrics, i.e., change scope, change closeness and change quality, are presented to evaluate agility elaborately. Finally a practical case is put forward to validate the approach.

关键词： component-based software systems feature dependency change propagation ripple effect change dependency agility evaluation

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Archimetrix: Improved software Architecture Recovery in the Presence of Design Deficiencies

Archimetrix: Improved Software Architecture Recovery in the ...

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16th European Conference on software Maintenance and Reengineering (CSMR)

作者： Platenius, Marie Christin von Detten, Markus Becker, Steffen Univ Gesamthsch Paderborn Software Engn Grp Heinz Nixdorf Inst Paderborn Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780769546667

Maintaining software systems requires up-to-date models of these systems to systematically plan, analyse and execute the necessary reengineering steps. Often, no or only outdated models of such systems exist. Thus, a reverse engineering step is needed that recovers the system's components, subsystems and connectors. However, reverse engineering methods are severely impacted by design deficiencies in the system's code base, e.g., they lead to wrong component structures. Several approaches exist today for the reverse engineering of component-based systems, however, none of them explicitly integrates a systematic design deficiency removal into the process to improve the quality of the reverse engineered architecture. Therefore, in our Archimetrix approach, we propose to regard the most relevant deficiencies with respect to the reverse engineered component-based architecture and support reengineers by presenting the architectural consequences of removing a given deficiency. We validate our approach on the Common component Modeling Example and show that we are able to identify relevant deficiencies and that their removal leads to an improved reengineered architecture.

关键词： component-based software systems Reengineering Design Deficiencies Code Metrics Clustering Co-CoME

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